thesis about unemployment

UNEMPLOYMENT AND FACTORS AFFECTING UNEMPLOYMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

• August 2021
• In book: DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN ECONOMIC AGENTS: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
• Publisher: İksad Yayınevi

• Ömer Halisdemir University

Discover the world's research

• 25+ million members
• 160+ million publication pages
• 2.3+ billion citations

• Marta Matras
• Salifya Faith Mulenga
• Recruit researchers
• Join for free
• Login Email Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google Welcome back! Please log in. Email · Hint Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google No account? Sign up

• DSpace@MIT Home
• MIT Libraries
• Doctoral Theses

Essays on Unemployment

Terms of use

Date issued, collections.

Show Statistical Information

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection

Unemployment in the time of COVID-19: A research agenda ☆

David l. blustein.

a Boston College, United States of America

b University of Florida, United States of America

Joaquim A. Ferreira

c University of Coimbra, Portugal

Valerie Cohen-Scali

d Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, France

Rachel Gali Cinamon

e University of Tel Aviv, Israel

Blake A. Allan

f Purdue University, United States of America

This essay represents the collective vision of a group of scholars in vocational psychology who have sought to develop a research agenda in response to the massive global unemployment crisis that has been evoked by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research agenda includes exploring how this unemployment crisis may differ from previous unemployment periods; examining the nature of the grief evoked by the parallel loss of work and loss of life; recognizing and addressing the privilege of scholars; examining the inequality that underlies the disproportionate impact of the crisis on poor and working class communities; developing a framework for evidence-based interventions for unemployed individuals; and examining the work-family interface and unemployment among youth.

This essay reflects the collective input from members of a community of vocational psychologists who share an interest in psychology of working theory and related social-justice oriented perspectives ( Blustein, 2019 ; Duffy, Blustein, Diemer, & Autin, 2016 ). Each author of this article has contributed a specific set of ideas, which individually and collectively reflect some promising directions for research about the rampant unemployment that sadly defines this COVID-19 crisis.

Our efforts cohere along several assumptions and values. First, we share a view that unemployment has devastating effects on the psychological, economic, and social well-being of individuals and communities ( Blustein, 2019 ). Second, we seek to build on the exemplary research on unemployment that has documented its impact on mental health ( Paul & Moser, 2009 ; Wanberg, 2012 ) and its equally pernicious impact on communities ( International Labor Organization, 2020b ). Third, we hope that this contribution charts a research agenda that will inform practice at individual and systemic levels to support and sustain people as they grapple with the daunting challenge of seeking work and recovering from the psychological and vocational fallout of this pandemic.

The advent of this period of global unemployment is connected causally and temporally to considerable loss of life and illness, which is creating an intense level of grief and trauma for many people. The first step in developing a research agenda for unemployment during the COVID-19 era is to describe the nature of this process of loss in so many critical sectors of life. A major research question, therefore, is to what extent does this unemployment crisis vary from previous bouts of unemployment which were linked to economic fluctuations? In addition, exploring the role of loss and trauma during this crisis should yield research findings that can inform psychological and vocational interventions as well as policy guidance to support people via civic institutions and communities.

1. Recognizing and channeling our own privilege

In Joe Pinker's (2020) Atlantic essay entitled, “ The Pandemic Will Cleave America in Two”, he highlights two distinct experiences of the pandemic. One is an experience felt by those with high levels of education in stable jobs where telework is possible. Lives are now more stressful, work has been turned upside down, childcare is challenging, and leaving the house feels ominous. The other is an experience felt by the rest of the working public – those who cannot work from home and thus are putting themselves at risk every day, whose jobs have been either lost or downsized, and who are wondering not only if they will catch the virus but whether they have the means and resources to survive. As psychologists and professors, the vast majority of “us” (those writing this essay and those reading it) are extremely fortunate to be in the first group. The pandemic has only served to exacerbate the extent of this privilege.

Given our relative position of power, what are ways we can change our research to be more meaningful and impactful to those outside of our bubble? We propose that the recent work on radical healing in communities of color – where the research is often done in collaboration with the participants and building participant agency is an explicit goal - can inform our path forward ( French et al., 2020 ; Mosley et al., 2020 ). Work has always been a domain where individuals experience distress and marginalization. However, in the current pandemic and into the unforeseeable future, this will only exponentially increase. Sure, we can do surveys about people's experiences and provide incentives for their time. And of course qualitative work will allow us to more directly connect with participants and hear their voices. But what is most needed is research where participants receive tangible benefits to improve their work lives. We, as privileged scholars, need to think about how we can use our expertise in studying work to infuse our studies with real world benefits. We see this as occurring on a spectrum in terms of scholars' time and resources available – from information sharing about resources to providing job-seeking or work-related interventions. In our view, now is the time to truly commit to using work-related research not just as a way to build scholarly knowledge, but as a way to improve lives.

2. Inequality and unemployment

Focusing research efforts on real-world benefits means acknowledging how the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing inequities in the labor market. Millions of workers in the U.S. have precarious jobs that are uncertain in the continuity and amount of work, do not pay a living wage, do not give workers power to advocate for their needs, or do not provide access to basic benefits ( Kalleberg, 2009 ). Power and privilege are major determinants of who is at risk for precarious work, with historically marginalized communities being disproportionately vulnerable to these job conditions ( International Labor Organization, 2020a ). In turn, people with precarious work experience chronic stress and uncertainty, putting them at risk for mental health, physical, and relational problems ( Blustein, 2019 ). These risk factors may further worsen the effects of the COVID-19 crisis while simultaneously exposing inequities that existed before the crises.

The COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity for researchers to define and describe how precarious work creates physical, relational, behavioral, psychological, economic, and emotional vulnerabilities that worsen outcomes from crises like the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., unemployment, psychological distress). For example, longitudinal studies can examine how precarious work creates vulnerabilities in different domains, which in turn predict outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic, including unemployment and mental health. This may include larger scale cohort studies that examine how the COVID-19 crisis has created a generation of precarity among people undergoing the school-to-work transition. Researchers can also study how governmental and nonprofit interventions reduce vulnerability and buffer the relations between precarious work and various outcomes. For example, direct cash assistance is becoming increasingly popular as an efficient way to help people in poverty ( Evans & Popova, 2014 ). However, dominant social narratives (e.g., the myth of meritocracy, the American dream) blame people with poor quality work for their situations. Psychologists have a critical role in (a) documenting false social narratives, (b) studying interventions to provide accurate counter narratives (e.g., people who receive direct cash assistance do not spend money on alcohol or drugs; most people who need assistance are working; Evans & Popova, 2014 ), and (c) studying how to effectively change attitudes among the public to create support for effective interventions.

3. Work-family interface

Investigating the work-family interface during unemployment may appear contradictory. It can be argued that because there is no paid work, the work-family interface does not exist. But ‘work’ is an integral part of people's lives, even during unemployment; for example, working to find a job is a daunting task that is usually done from home. Thus, the work-family interface also exists during unemployment, but our knowledge about this is limited. Our current knowledge on the work-family interface primarily focuses on people who work full-time and usually among working parents with young children ( Cinamon, 2018 ). As such, focusing on the work-family interface during periods of unemployment represents a needed research agenda that can inform public policy and scholarship in work-family relationships.

The rise in unemployment due to COVID-19 relates not only to the unemployed, but also to other family members. Important research questions to consider are how are positive and negative feelings and thoughts about the absence of work conveyed and co-constructed by family members? What family behaviors and dynamics promote and serve as social capital for the unemployed and for the other members of the family? Do job search behaviors serve as a form of modeling for other family members? What are the experiences of unemployed spouses and children, and how do these experiences shape their own career development? These issues can be discerned among unemployed people of different ages, communities, and cultures.

Several research methods can promote this agenda. Participatory action research can enable vocational researchers to be proactive and involved in increasing social solidarity. This approach requires mutual collaboration between the researcher and families wherein one of the parents is unemployed. By giving them voice to describe their experiences, thoughts, ideas, and suggested solutions, we affirm inclusion of the individuals living through the new reality, thereby conveying respect and acknowledgment. At the same time, we can bring ideas, knowledge, and social connections to the families that can serve as social capital. In addition, longitudinal quantitative studies among unemployed families that explore some of the issues noted above would be important as a means of exploring how the new unemployment experience is shaping both work and relationships. We also advocate that meaningful incentives be offered to participants in all of these studies, such as online job search workshops and career education interventions for adolescents.

4. Strategies for dealing with unemployment in the pandemic of 2020

Forward-looking governments and organizations (such as universities) should begin thinking about how to deal with the immediate and long-term consequences of the economic crisis created by COVID-19, especially in the area of unemployment. Creating meaningful interventions to assist the newly unemployed will be difficult because of the unprecedented number of individuals and families that are affected and because of the diverse contextual and personal factors that characterize this new population. Because of this diversity of contextual and personal factors, different interventions will be required for different patterns of individual/contextual characteristics ( Ferreira et al., 2015 ).

In broad outline, a research program to address the diversity of issues identified above could be envisioned to consist of several distinct phases: First, it would be necessary to carefully assess the external circumstances of the unemployed individual's job loss, including the probability of re-employment, financial condition, family composition, and living conditions, among others. Second, an assessment should be made of the individual's strengths and growth edges, particularly as they impact the current situation. These assessments could be performed via paper or online questionnaire. Based on these initial assessments, the third phase would involve using statistical analyses such as cluster analysis to form distinct groups of unemployed individuals, perhaps based in part on the probability of re-employment following the pandemic. The fourth phase would focus on determining the types (and/or combinations) of intervention most appropriate for each group (e.g., temporary government assistance; emotional support counseling; retraining for better future job prospects; relocation, etc.). Because access to specific types of assistance is frequently a serious challenge, especially for underprivileged individuals, the fifth phase should emphasize facilitating individuals' access to the specific assistance they need. Finally, the sixth phase of research should evaluate the efficacy of this approach, although designing such a large research program in a crisis situation requires ongoing process evaluation throughout the design and implementation stages of the research program.

5. Unemployment among youth

As reflected in a recent International Labor Organization (2020a) report on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis, youth were already vulnerable within the workforce prior to the crisis; the recent advent of massive job losses and growing precarity of work is having particularly painful impacts on young people across the globe. The COVID-19 economic crisis with vast increases in unemployment (and competition between workers) and the probable growth of digitalization may result in a major dislocation of young workers from the labor market for some time ( International Labor Organization, 2020b ). To provide knowledge to meet this daunting challenge, researchers should develop an agenda focusing on two major components—the first is a participatory mode of understanding the experience of youth and the second is the development of evidence-based interventions that are derived from this research process.

The data gathering aspect of this research agenda optimally should focus on understanding unemployed youths' perception of their situation (opportunities, barriers, fears, and intentions) and of the new labor market. We propose that research is needed to unpack how youth are constructing this new reality, their relationship to society, to others, and to the world. This crisis may have changed their priorities, the meaning of work, and their lifestyle. For example, this crisis may have led to an awareness of the necessity of developing more environmentally responsible behaviors ( Cohen-Scali et al., 2018 ). These new life styles could result in skills development and increased autonomy and adaptability among young people. In addition, the focus on understanding youths' experience, which can encompass qualitative and quantitative methods, should also include explorations of shifts in youths' sense of identity and purpose, which may be dramatically affected by the crisis. The young people who are without work should be involved at each step of the research process in order to improve their capacities, knowledge, and agency and to ensure that the research is designed from their lived experiences.

Building on these research efforts, interventions may be designed that include individual counseling strategies as well as systemic interventions based on analyses of the communities in which young people are involved (for example, families and couples and not only individuals). In addition, we need more research to learn about the process of collective empowerment and critical consciousness development, which can inform youths' advocacy efforts and serve as a buffer in their career development ( Blustein, 2019 ).

6. Conclusion

The research ideas presented in this contribution have been offered as a means of stimulating needed scholarship, program development, and advocacy efforts. Naturally, these ideas are not intended to be exhaustive. We hope that readers will find ideas and perspectives in our essay that may stimulate a broad-based research agenda for our field, optimally informing transformative interventions and needed policy interventions for individuals and communities suffering from the loss of work (and loss of loved ones in this pandemic). A common thread in our essay is the recommendation that research efforts be constructed from the lived experiences of the individuals who are now out of work. As we have noted here, their experiences may not be similar to other periods of extensive unemployment, which argues strongly for experience-near, participatory research. We are also advocating for the use of rigorous quantitative methods to develop new understanding of the nature of unemployment during this period and to develop and assess interventions. In addition, we would like to advocate that the collective scholarly efforts of our community include incentives and outcomes that support unemployed individuals. For example, online workshops and resources can be shared with participants and other communities as a way of not just dignifying their participation, but of also providing tangible support during a crisis.

In closing, we are humbled by the stories that we hear from our communities about the job loss of this pandemic period. Our authorship team shares a deep commitment to research that matters; in this context, we believe that our work now matters more than we can imagine.

☆ The order of authorship for authors two through six was determined randomly; each of these authors contributed equally to this paper.

• Blustein D.L. Oxford University Press; NY: 2019. The importance of work in an age of uncertainty: The eroding work experience in America. [ Google Scholar ]
• Cinamon R.G. Paper presented at the Society of Vocational Psychology; Arizona: 2018, June. Life span and time perspective of the work-family interface – Critical transitions and suggested interventions. [ Google Scholar ]
• Cohen-Scali V., Pouyaud J., Podgorny M., Drabik-Podgorna V., Aisenson G., Bernaud J.L., Moumoula I.A., Guichard J., editors. Interventions in career design and education. Springer; Cham, Switzerland: 2018. [ Google Scholar ]
• Duffy R.D., Blustein D.L., Diemer M.A., Autin K.L. The psychology of working theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2016; 63 (2):127–148. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Evans D.K., Popova A. Cash transfers and temptation goods: A review of global evidence. The World Bank. 2014 doi: 10.1596/1813-9450-6886. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Ferreira J.A., Reitzle M., Lee B., Freitas R.A., Santos E.R., Alcoforado L., Vondracek F.W. Configurations of unemployment, reemployment, and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study of unemployed individuals in Portugal. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2015; 91 :54–64. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2015.09.004. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• French B.H., Lewis J.A., Mosley D.V., Adames H.Y., Chavez-Dueñas N.Y., Chen G.A., Neville H.A. Toward a psychological framework of radical healing in communities of color. The Counseling Psychologist. 2020; 48 :14–46. doi: 10.1177/0011000019843506. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• International Labor Organization World Employment and Social Outlook – Trends. 2020:2020. https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/2020/lang--en/index.htm [ Google Scholar ]
• International Labor Organization. (2020b). Young workers will be hit hard by COVID-19's economic fallout. https://iloblog.org/2020/04/15/young-workers-will-be-hit-hard-by-covid-19s-economic-fallout/ .
• Kalleberg A.L. Precarious work, insecure workers: Employment relations in transition. American Sociological Review. 2009; 74 (1):1–22. doi: 10.1177/000312240907400101. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Mosley D.V., Hargons C.N., Meiller C., Angyal B., Wheeler P., Davis C., Stevens-Watkins D. Critical consciousness of anti-Black racism: A practical model to prevent and resist racial trauma. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2020 doi: 10.1037/cou0000430. (Advance online publication) [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Paul K.I., Moser K. Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2009; 74 :264–282. [ Google Scholar ]
• Pinker J. The Atlantic; 2020. The pandemic will cleave America in two. [ Google Scholar ]
• Wanberg C.R. The individual experience of unemployment. Annual Review of Psychology. 2012; 63 :369–396. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]

Systematic Literature Review: Unemployment Rate as factors affecting the Gross Domestic Product, Inflation Rate, and Population

11 Pages Posted: 1 Jun 2022

Pauline Dela Cruz

World Citi Colleges

Marmelo V. Abante

World Citi Colleges - Quezon City - Graduate School Department

Florinda Garcia-Vigonte

Bulacan State University; World Citi Colleges - Quezon City - Graduate School Department

Date Written: May 27, 2022

Unemployment is one idea that explains how economies' production structures, sectoral developments, and regional and national developments. Covid-19 affects the unemployment rate, GDP, Inflation Rate, and Population. This is a systematic literature review, and the researcher used PRISMA in determining the literature used in this study. Out of 101 related topics in google scholar, only 6 were selected in this study. The COVID-19 health crisis is a great shock that is making a change in the lives and livelihoods of individuals around the globe. Apparently, and unfortunately, the pandemic reversed some of these gains. It wiped out 1.7 million wages and salary jobs in just 12 months until January 2021. The pandemic caused and created long-lasting effects on employment. Thus, it created a big impact on the economy. A phenomenon is known as hysteresis employment. Moreover, three transmission channels of the pandemic on modern employment have been listed: A higher number of job seekers-like those who lost jobs, dropouts from school, and new labor markets entrants that remain unemployed; next is the large re-allocation of job sectors; and companies that are modifying their businesses that rely on the uses of technology. These will exacerbate further the skill mismatch in the labor market. The methodology used a systematic literature review, wherein inclusion and exclusion criteria are set to narrow the research to studies for comprehensive analysis. The inclusion criteria were: 1) They were published between 2017 and 2022) they were published as an academic journal, 3) they were written in the English language, 4) they were original or empirical studies, and 5) the studies are focused on the analysis on how the Gross Domestic Product, Inflation rate, and population affects the Unemployment rate. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) Excluding the duplicated studies. 2) Excluding non-English studies. 3) Excluding studies that did not focus on the unemployment rate. The literature search was limited to 2017-2022. Hence, J D Urrutia et al. (2017) demonstrate that only the inflation rate, out of the five independent variables, has no significant link with the dependent variable, with a p-value of 0.178, which is more than the level of significance of 0.01 if the null hypothesis is accepted there is no significant relationship between the dependent and independent variable. Meanwhile, GDP shows a negative connection with the Unemployment Rate but a significant linear association with the unemployment rate based on their Pearson coefficient of determination (J D Urrutia et al., 2017). Moreover, the population shows a negative connection with the Unemployment Rate but a significant linear association with the unemployment rate based on their Pearson coefficient of determination (J D Urrutia et al., 2017). SARIMA (6, 1, 5) x (0, 1, 1) 4 is the formulated model for estimating and forecasting the unemployment rate in the Philippines. Forecasted values are within six to eight percent of actual values, and they are shown to be 72 percent accurate. Important determinants of the unemployment rate, Labor Force Rate, and Population are discovered. In addition, the dependent variable is Granger-caused by population, GDP, and GNI. These factors can influence the unemployment rate. Any change in those factors can cause the unemployment rate to rise or fall (J D Urrutia et al., 2017). When unemployment falls, disposable income grows, demand rises, and prices rise.

Keywords: Unemployment rate, Gross Domestic Product, Population, and Inflation rate

JEL Classification: A10

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Pauline Dela Cruz (Contact Author)

World citi colleges ( email ).

Philippines

World Citi Colleges - Quezon City - Graduate School Department ( email )

Bulacan state university ( email ).

Capitol Compound Brgy Guinhawa Mc Arthur Hway Malolos City, 3000 Philippines

Do you have a job opening that you would like to promote on SSRN?

Paper statistics, related ejournals, macroeconomics: prices, business fluctuations, & cycles ejournal.

Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal

Economic growth ejournal, health economics ejournal, comparative political economy: comparative capitalism ejournal, political economy - development: health ejournal.

• Bibliography
• More Referencing guides Blog Automated transliteration Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Automated transliteration
• Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Referencing guides

Essays About Unemployment: Top 6 Examples and 5 Prompts

Read our guide to see helpful essay examples and prompts to further your understanding and write essays about unemployment.

Unemployment is an unfortunate circumstance many find themselves in; it is a challenge that civilized society faces today. When people are unemployed, they look for jobs but cannot get them. As a result, they are left without a source of income and cannot adequately provide for themselves and their families. This, in turn, can lead to various issues, including depression.

Unemployment is a social, economic, and political issue. It leaves many people in poverty and prevents people from obtaining a source of income. As a result, politicians capture the eyes of voters by promising to lower the unemployment rate to get elected. 

You can get started by reading these essay examples if you are writing essays about unemployment.

6 Examples of Essays About Unemployment

1. unemployment reflection by christopher haynes, 2. what i learned from nearly a year of unemployment by becca slaughter, 3. why aren’t europe and canada in the same boat as u.s. for unemployment by glen hendrix, 4. a global dilemma: how unemployment creates poverty by tess hinteregger, 5. why has covid-19 been especially harmful for working women by nicole bateman and martha ross, 6. youth day and ordeal of nigerian youth by utomi jerome-mario, essay prompts about unemployment, 1. unemployment during the covid-19 pandemic, 2. the connection between unemployment and crime, 3. unemployment: whose fault is it, 4. the causes of unemployment, 5. the effects of unemployment.

“In order to secure work, we must be prepared to change or upgrade our skills and be willing to relocate if necessary. But some people are not interested in retraining to find work in another field, some people do not have the confidence to go out and look for work, and some refuse to accept a job they feel is below their level. Unless people like this change their attitudes, they will not be able to find work.”

Haynes provides two perspectives on unemployment; first, that the government should do more to address it, and second, that if people want work, they must adjust to make a living. He believes that many are unemployed because they are unwilling to change their skillset or relocate to get a job. Therefore, more should be done to reduce unemployment, but it goes both ways; everyone must put in the effort.  

“I remember feeling embarrassed and powerless. I was angry it wasn’t my decision. I was happy I didn’t have to go back there, yet I was stressed about not having anywhere to go. Ultimately, I felt an overwhelming sadness that left me terrified. While I was overflowing with confusing and contradicting emotions, I somehow felt empty.”

In her essay, Slaughter reflects on her unemployed time and how it changed her. Her previous job was long and stressful, but whenever someone would ask her what she did for a living, she was embarrassed and regretful for not being there anymore. In addition to losing her job, she feels like she lost a part of herself at that time. Thankfully, she got a new job, one less taxing than her previous one. 

“You would think paying all that money year after year to a government whose purpose is to “establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity” would entitle that person to a modicum of “blessings” to insure his “tranquility” and “general welfare” in case of some stupid virus pandemic. It would certainly be the “just” thing to do. And that person’s “posterity” might look a bit less bleak. European governments and Canada did just that. And it’s not even explicitly stated in the preamble to their constitution.”

Hendrix criticizes the United States’ response to the unemployment problem caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, saying that Canada and European nations have done a much better job. He discusses how much better their unemployment benefit system is compared to the U.S. and how it is ironic that the United States, whose constitution says all of these things promoting justice and wellbeing, cannot provide that for its citizens during a global pandemic. 

“While unemployment can create poverty, poverty also reduces the chance of being employed. To ensure that those who are affected by unemployment do not fall into the negative cycle, researchers believe that governments should focus on improving quality education and training all young people so they remain in school.”

Hinteregger, in her essay, explains the link between unemployment and poverty, writing that it leads to the loss of income. People will also have to raise their families in poverty, which perpetuates the cycle of poverty. In addition, the poor may resort to violence to make a living. She points out the sheer irony of this issue, as unemployment causes poverty while poverty may also reduce the chance of being employed. 

“COVID-19 is hard on women because the U.S. economy is hard on women, and this virus excels at taking existing tensions and ratcheting them up. Millions of women were already supporting themselves and their families on meager wages before coronavirus-mitigation lockdowns sent unemployment rates skyrocketing and millions of jobs disappeared. And working mothers were already shouldering the majority of family caregiving responsibilities in the face of a childcare system that is wholly inadequate for a society in which most parents work outside the home.”

Bateman and Ross write about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women. Many women are forced to go through so much to provide for their families; however, the lockdowns led to many of them losing their jobs. The unemployment rate for women rose dramatically, by 12 percent, from February to April of 2020. It has been difficult for them to balance work with taking care of their families, women’s primary role as dictated by society. 

“Youth unemployment is potentially dangerous as it sends a signal to all segments of the Nigerian Society. Here in Nigeria, the rate of youth unemployment is high, even at the period of economic normalcy i.e. the oil boom of the 1970s (6.2 per cent); 1980s (9.8 per cent) and the 1990s (11.5 per cent). Youth unemployment therefore is not a recent phenomenon. But if what happened in the 1980s/90s were a challenge of sorts, what is happening presently, going by the latest report by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), is a challenge.”

Jerome-Mario’s essay focuses on several issues affecting the Nigerian youth, including unemployment. The country has a high unemployment rate; over a fourth of the youth population is unemployed. He stresses the importance of the youth using their voice to make a change and to persuade the government to care for its citizens more. 

The pandemic and its lockdown policies have undoubtedly caused many people to lose jobs. Look into the impact of COVID-19 on the unemployment rate, particularly during the early months of the pandemic. Which sectors were most affected? Pull data and statistics to show how the public was affected by the covid-19 pandemic in terms of unemployment.

Many say that unemployment leads to higher crime rates. Do you believe this is true? Research how unemployment is linked to crime; examine the effects of unemployment on mental health; and conclude whether this may contribute to the increased likelihood of committing a crime. 

In Haynes’ essay, he claims that employers/the government, and workers are to blame for unemployment. After reading his essay and both arguments, who do you believe is at fault? Explain your response in detail, and make sure to provide a solid base of evidence.

Unemployment has many contributing causes. Assuming a non-pandemic setting, research what causes unemployment and list them down in your essay. Elaborate on each one and, if you can draw connections, explain them as well. 

As a grave issue, unemployment has many severe effects, notably poverty. For your essay, write about the effects of unemployment on a person, both physical and mental. How are they connected? What secondary effects might they produce? For a compelling and argumentative essay, answer these questions using research material and interview data.

For help with this topic, read our guide explaining what is persuasive writing ?If you are interested in learning more, check out our essay writing tips !

205 Unemployment Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best unemployment topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on unemployment, 📌 simple & easy unemployment essay titles, 💡 interesting topics to write about unemployment, ✍️ unemployment essay topics for college, ❓ essay questions on unemployment.

• Unemployment Leads to Crime Essay In the 1990s, the rate of unemployment was low and so was the rate of property crime. Crime rates increase steadily in society, and the rate of crime is connected to unemployment and low wages.
• Youth Unemployment as a Social Issue Different factors have led to the high levels of youth unemployment, with the most widely studied of them being the skills that are available to the unemployed youths.
• Youth Unemployment and Policy Solutions The inability to address the problem of unemployment in the given age group may result in the growth of criminal activity, child poverty, and people’s negative perceptions of life.
• Unemployment: Causes and Effects Employers seek to recoup the costs of inflation by constantly increasing the financial performance of sales. One of these methods is to increase the gross profit ratio by reducing the cost of production.
• Unemployment Rate Due to Impact of Technology By understanding the role of technology on unemployment, the public can develop innovative mechanisms to overcome the issue. The impact of technology on the labor market is relevant to my present and future life.
• Unemployment The following are some of the advantages of using the hard system method It provides a deeper understanding and analysis of the problem of unemployment and answers the question of how to mitigate the unemployment […]
• Unemployment and Lack of Economic Opportunity Having the majority of the population employed is critical for the economic and social stability of a nation. The third reason why employment and economic opportunities must be facilitated together is that it impacts the […]
• Robots as a Factor in Unemployment Patterns One of the prevailing arguments in regards to this problem is that the advent of the robot technology is contributing towards a high rate of unemployment.
• The Unemployment Problem in Panama This paper aims to review two current news articles about Panama, which reveal the issue of the high unemployment rate in this country, which continues to increase and has taken the form of a crisis.
• David Jones Company’s Strategies for Downsizing Furthermore, this report looks at the procedures of downsizing and other viable options in lieu of downsizing or in the event that the strategy fails to produce the expected results.
• Unemployment in Sweden: Causes and Solutions This research looks at one of her most celebrated program that turned out later on to be the source of misery to a good number of her population; that is the welfare program that was […]
• Teacher Evaluation, Discipline, and Dismissal With help of the findings of the given research, probable ideas on how to improve the existing system of teacher’s evaluation at school can be suggested, which will result in the increase of the efficiency […]
• Causes of Rising Unemployment However, this is usually not the case as the rate of employment opportunities being created are very few compared to the demands of the population and this means that many people will be unemployed regardless […]
• Youth Unemployment in Africa: A Challenge for Public Policy Makers With a large population to take care of the market for labour is overstretched from Johannesburg to Tangiers and cannot accommodate the influx of young job seekers leading to shortage or in some cases the […]
• How COVID-19 Affected Unemployment Rate Around the World A study on the effects of COVID-19 on the employment levels in the European economies found that the pandemic led to rapid unemployment in the economies of Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK.
• Media Coverage of Unemployment Content analysis on the topic of coverage of unemployment in the media allows you to analyze the mood and opinion of society, the tone of expression in the published media, and conclude the nature of […]
• Macroeconomics in Unemployment Frictional unemployment is described as the unemployment that takes place because of the movement of people from one occupation to another.
• Public Administration: Unemployment Economic Impact The “official” unemployment rate is released by the U. S government is not a correct reflection of the actual state of unemployment in the nation.
• Dismissal Meeting The dismissal meeting should be conducted by the immediate boss, who is usually the most conversant with the employee and the reasons for the dismissal.
• Unemployment, Labor, and Government Economic Forces The article, “The State of Economics”, is an article that discusses the turmoil between economists of the current age in trying to reconcile economic principles with both the classical and Keynesian economic theories of the […]
• Unemployment in UK To analyze why unemployment is set to rise in the UK To illustrate the true level of unemployment in UK To evaluate how technology affects unemployment in UK To analyze how inflation affects UK unemployment […]
• Detrimental Effects of Unemployment on People’s Health It is necessary to note that unemployment is regarded as one of the social determinants of health discussed by Wilkinson and Marmot.
• Definition of Unemployment and Its Types The major limitation of the insurance programs policy is that the employees have to make regular contributions of some amount to the program.
• Unemployment Rate: Impact on GDP and Inflation In such a way, the scenario shows it is vital to preserve the balance and avoid decisions focusing on only one aspect of the economy.
• Unemployment and Economic Dynamism This type of unemployment is a natural part of the economy and is generally considered to be healthy, as it allows workers to move to new, better-paying jobs.
• Unemployment Among Emerging Adults The high rate of unemployment among emerging adults is due to the following reasons: personal skills, level of education, behavioral characteristics, and lack of capital.
• Stimulus Checks: Impact of Unemployment A stimulus check is sent to taxpaying consumers to boost the economy as it provides funds for them to consume. The stimulus check offered included a high economic relief bill to deal with the pandemic.
• The Unemployment Issue in China The People’s Republic of China is the largest country in terms of population and the third largest country in the world in terms of territory.
• Downsizing for Optimizing Firm Efficiency The adoption of downsizing to mitigate the challenges mentioned above forms the basis of discussion for this paper. The section below highlights some of the benefits accrue to a firm that adopts the policy.
• Jamaica’s Unemployment and Positive Youth Development Although a recent positive trend in decreasing levels of joblessness is apparent as the country revitalizes its main source of income, the problem of the high level of unemployment among youth is persistent.
• Entrepreneurship: Reducing Unemployment The simultaneous demand for new skills, the training of which is still little accessible due to their novelty, and the loss of relevance of acquired skills lead to unemployment.
• Unemployment and Business Cycle in Australia The unemployment rate calculation formula is quite simple the number of unemployed people is divided by the total number of people in the civilian workforce.
• Unemployment Analysis and Its Measures The Federal Reserve Economic Data graphs indicate that before the Great Recession, the unemployment and total unemployment rates were relatively low at 5% and 8.
• The Federal Unemployment Tax Some percent of wages is retained by the employer from the employee’s pay, who then remits the funds to the government on the worker’s behalf.
• Income and Unemployment in the US Economy Further, one may say that both fiscal and monetary policies work to promote the U.S.economy’s achievement of the three goals, including full employment, economic growth, and stable prices.
• Unemployment Disparity Affecting African Americans Systemic racism in the U.S.is the primary cause of the unemployment gap. Compared to white Americans, African Americans have a relatively low rate of education in the U.S.
• Forecasting Unemployment Rate With Value-Factor Model The peculiarity of the article is that the study is aimed at the consequences in the future, also considering the changes that occurred at the beginning of the pandemic.
• Economic Growth and Unemployment Relationship in the USA The corresponding figures characterize the structure of economic dynamics and the diversification of the labor market. The research limitation is the multifactorial nature of economic growth and unemployment indicators.
• CBS News Unemployment Report and Its Future Impression The labor system in America also requires reevaluation to ensure that jobs available meet the skills and abilities of the American people.
• Unemployment and Inflation Relation However, the level of unemployment and its prevailing types can differ significantly depending on the state of the economies of countries and the policies they use to combat unemployment.
• Poverty and Unemployment Due to Increased Taxation The government on its side defended the move while trying to justify the new measures’ benefits, a move that would still not benefit the country.
• Unemployment Rate and COVID-19 in Egypt, the UAE, and Bahrain The topic chosen for this study is the influence of COVID-19 on the rate of unemployment in Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain.
• The Impact of Trade Policy on Unemployment According to Dutt, Mitra, and Ranjan, there is a strong link between trade and unemployment, and, therefore, adaptations of various trade policies are bound to impact unemployment indirectly. Dutt, Mitra, and Ranjan note that there […]
• Employment Law: Worker Termination and Dismissal While determining reasonable notice, companies should focus on such aspects as the age of a worker, the length of employment, the health of an employee, and the availability of jobs in the community.
• Unemployment and Recession: Causes and Relationship Another cause of recession is stringent monetary policy and increased cost of oil imports which tend to lower the rate of demand in the economy.
• Unemployment in the US and Europe The level of unemployment in the United States and Europe has continued to push the recession to unprecedented levels. Most of the jobs that were lost in the United States and Europe were in the […]
• Court Sentencing: Juvenile Status and Unemployment These provisions allowed that based on prior criminal history and in consideration of the current offense, they could be transferred for trial in adults courts.
• Gender Gap’s Effect on Unemployment Rate In fact, the latter, namely, the rise in the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has increased the rates of unemployment significantly.
• Unemployment and Underemployment This decision became a major step in relieving the social strain and allowing millions of people to survive the economic hardships caused by the imposed restrictions
• KSA Vision 2030 and Its Impact on Unemployment This resolution intends to reduce the rates of unemployment in Saudi Arabia and increase employment opportunities for women in the kingdom.
• Unemployment Within the 20th Century The purpose of this research is about showing the issue of unemployment in the 20th century, the results that it led to, the human struggle against unemployment, and the predictions of unemployment in the future.
• Purposive Research Methodology for Saudi Economic Study This will allow the investigative nature of the study to be attained. The questions will be developed in cognizance to the research topic and will be based on the set objectives.
• Unemployment as the Consequence of the Development of New Technologies. What Should Private Firms and Government Do? The development of new technologies has been considered to be the way to the high level of life on the one hand and one of the main reasons for unemployment on the other hand.
• Relationship Between Unemployment and Crimes Agnew, argue that crime is caused by strain that a person face throughout life, and this can be contributed to the degree of educational inequality in society.
• Global Recession and Unemployment Growth Connection However, the increased unemployment and the collapse of the steel industry in the United States results from the domination of companies at the microeconomic level seeking an absolute advantage at international stage. Similarly, it has […]
• UAE and GCC Economic Analysis: Inflation and Unemployment This is explained by the fact that UAE is less dependent on oil trade, hence, the inflation and unemployment rate in the UAE is lower in comparison with the countries of GCC.
• Gender, Family, and Unemployment in Ontario’s Great Depression The introduction and all the background that Campbell gives are firmly in line with the goals of this course. The first part of the study is the business and the economic history.
• The Future of Unemployment in the United States The significance of unemployment makes it a major issue that neither the federal government nor the citizens can ignore given the fact that is one of the indicators of the strength of the economy.
• The Take-Up of Unemployment Study in USA The take up of unemployment is beneficial because it will enable the living standard of people to increase and contributes to the general performance of the economy. Small business funding ensures that more people are […]
• Financial Position of AT&T Through Downsizing As mentioned, due to the tough economic conditions that were being experienced the world over in the year 2008 and partly through 2009, the company decided to lay off close to 4% of its workforce.
• Gasoline Prices, Rates of Unemployment, Inflation, and Economic Growth The data which has been queried from the database are related to gasoline prices in California, the unemployment rate in the US, the inflation rate in the US, and Real GDP.
• Measuring Unemployment Issues in Society Types of unemployment include; frictional unemployment, cyclical unemployment, seasonal unemployment, and structural unemployment. Seasonal unemployment is a result of the rise and fall of a particular job.
• Outsourcing, Downsizing, and Delayering On the whole, outsourcing can be defined as transferring some of the firms activities to a third party or subcontractor for a certain period of time.
• Downsizing and Delayering in Organization The best way to do it is to refer to the experience of the firms, which have already faced a similar dilemma.
• Keynesian Theory of Unemployment This brings to the conclusion that during such times the government should implement policies that are aimed at increasing aggregate demand According to Robert the, policies which the government may implement in order to reduce […]
• The Philippines’ Unemployment, Inequality, Poverty However, despite the strong emphasis of the government on income equality and poverty reduction along with the growth of GDP, both poverty and economic and social inequality remain persistent in the Philippines.
• Corporate Downsizing: A Guide to Planning and Execution To define the extent of downsizing and the rearrangement of roles and responsibilities that will be assigned to the rest of the staff, a company’s key goals will have to be determined, including the domains […]
• Automation Impact on Unemployment Scope: The scope of the article is to analyze and overview the connection between productivity and employment figures in the US.
• How Falling Unemployment Affect College Enrollment It is common to associate the relationship between unemployment and college enrollment with the financial crisis of 2007-2008 and the Great Recession on the border of the 2000s-2010s.
• Macroeconomics: Unemployment Rate in North America Such indicators of economic development as the labor force rate and the unemployment rate are the significant aspects of state development and its policies regarding the labor market.
• Consumer Price Index and Unemployment Rate The first issue is related to the tendency of consumers to adjust their preferences based on prices faster than the CPI can reflect, leading to inaccurate representations of the data in the index.
• Econometrics: Poverty, Unemployment, Household Income The goal of this project is to come up with a model that relates to the poverty level in the United States and the unemployment rate and total household income.
• Recommendations for Determining the Dismissal of Jessie In her complaint, Jessie argues that she has been discriminated against because of her impairment and that her supervisor did not give her a reasonable allowance to accommodate her disability.
• United States Unemployment Rates in 2013-2014 In the first four months of 2014, the rate of unemployment in the United States dropped to about 6. 3 percent, and the number of the unemployed dropped by about 1.
• Due Process and Fair Dismissal of Teachers in Texas Specifically, the due process does not explain why a teacher should be dismissed but provides the procedures that should be followed by a school to dismiss a teacher.
• Self-Reported Community Health and Unemployment Rate The initiative to increase the number of job offerings instead of spending money on health fairs and educational programs can positively affect the mental well-being of the community.
• Unemployment Values: Types and Impacts The first impact of unemployment on the economy is the extra financial costs that a government may have to incur when unemployed persons are paid some stipends.
• Downsizing: Reasons and Consequences The reason for the perceived lack of alternatives may lie in the lack of creative thinking on the part of the manager, however.
• Foreign Direct Investment Role in Unemployment The following report explores the evidence behind the claims of both the advocates and the opponents of globalization and one of its prominent manifestations foreign direct investment to determine whether its effect could be used […]
• Unemployment as a Local Economic Issue The evaluation of these aspects is crucial to the current research for the reason that it would help highlight the weak spots of the modern employment apparatus and suggest novel ways of dealing with unemployment.
• Naked Economics: Understanding the Dismissal Science Thus, the chapter tackles the topic of the value of money, which is confusing and often misinterpreted by the public. While the topic of international trade seems to be interesting only to the specialists in […]
• The Relationship Between Fiscal Spending and Unemployment The Obama administration passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 in response to the financial crisis caused by the disappearance of the $5 trillion household wealth of the country in just 12 weeks.
• Organizational Downsizing and Survival Syndrome However, in case the rate of mass lay-offs following the downsizing of many firms exceeds the number of newly opened companies, the move to reduce the size of the available workforce is said to produce […]
• Unemployment as a Sorting Criterion The researchers developed a study to evaluate the relationship between the length of unemployment and the stigmatization attitude associated with employers when they handle the affected job applicants.
• Spain and Its Unemployment Problems The low rate of employment is the most renowned characteristic of the Spanish economy as per the close of the Twentieth Century.
• Unemployment Insurance Policy in the United States Despite some of the efforts embraced by different communities, the issue of unemployment has continued to affect the welfare of many citizens in the country.
• Employment Status, Dismissals and Exit Interviews Secondly, the status helps to determine the obligations of the employer towards the individual, and the rights of the individual. For example, only employees may present claims of unfair dismissal by an employer and the […]
• Dismissal Meeting: The Art of Delivering Bad News Therefore, sympathy toward the employee and the recognition of the latter’s contribution to the company’s growth, as well as the acknowledgment of their professional expertise, must be viewed as the foundation for the communication.
• US Teachers’ Rights, Dismissal, and Discrimination First of all, the principal violates the First Amendment since she deprives the woman of her freedom of expression and the ability to speak freely.
• Unemployment in Sydney: Spatial Patterns Analysis In contrast, such areas as North West Sydney or Upper North Shore that have the lowest level of unemployment and the highest level of household income.
• Unemployment in Abu Dhabi and Dubai: Causes and Solutions Various studies have concluded that there is a correlation between the level of unemployment in the country and the strength of the economy.
• Unemployment Rate as the Biggest National Economy Challenge The United States has the largest national economy and it is the largest trading nation in the world. The recent financial crisis of 2008 increased the rate of unemployment, and impacted the economy negatively.
• Unemployment Rate of Saudi Arabia This paper discusses the impact of unemployment on the economy of a country and explores the rates of unemployment and GDP growth in Saudi Arabia.
• Unemployment Issue in the United States Though a shrinkage in the number of vacancies and the rapid increase in the number of part-time jobs have had their toll on the unemployment rates, the lack of vacancies still remains the key cause […]
• Unemployment and State of the US Economy However, it is necessary to emphasize that the consideration of a great number of various key points at the same time is the guaranty of the efficient and prosperous economy of the state.
• Unemployment in Saudi Arabia Much effort has been in place to from the government of Saudi Arabia in order to address the question of unemployment despite the fact that the nation is full of vast deposits of crude oil.
• Inflation and Unemployment in the United States In the 21st century, there are so many issues in the economy of the United States. This is increasing the demand for skilled workers by the day as opposed to the unskilled.
• Unemployment and Inflation Issues In most cases, if one is suffering structural unemployment, it is as a result of improvement in a certain area, or a change in the way things are done.
• Unemployment in the United States It could be assumed that unemployment is a critical issue in the United States of America, as it has a strong impact on the society and other spheres of everyday life.
• Government’s Role in Macroeconomic Stability: The Need for Stronger Fiscal Policies The role of government in influencing the macroeconomic sphere of the economy is one that cannot be understated. One of the foremost negative effects of such fiscal policy is that the influx of government-induced money […]
• US Unemployment: Economic Analysis and Solutions In the first news article titled “The US has a Jobs Crisis: Here’s How to Fix it,” the authors use the latest statistics to demonstrate the problem of unemployment in the US, before relying on […]
• The Increasing Rate of Unemployment In the United State of America, the rate of unemployment was at its highest in the year 2007. The topic of unemployment is important due to the impact that it has on the current economy.
• The Unemployment Situation in the United States This article reviews the current unemployment situation in the United States and the actions that the Obama administration is taking to improve the situation.
• Public Policies for Reducing Unemployment In the recent times, the issue of unemployment has taken a new dimension in the United States. After reflecting on the economic problems facing the United States, it is important to tackle the issue of […]
• Predicting Unemployment Rates to Manage Inventory 81 1949 6.1 0.04 4.74 1.32 1. 15 2000 4.0 1.82 6.
• Mergers, Acquisitions, and Downsizing This paper will highlight the differences between mergers, acquisitions, and downsizing and extrapolate the circumstances that can lead a company to adopt any of the three measures. The merging of companies in a horizontal arrangement […]
• The Youth Unemployment Crisis in Spain In order to further identify the root cause of the problem of the high levels of unemployment in Spain, it is necessary to evaluate the evolution of the unemployment among the youth in the country, […]
• Reasons and Solutions for Unemployment in USA Unemployment provides statistical evidence of the economic health and performance of a Government and is defined as a count of the number of people who are not actively engaged in gainful jobs, have failed to […]
• Youth Unemployment in UK and Talent Management Challenges The economic recession that began in 2007 continues to affect a great number of U.K.businesses and one of its effects is the decrease in the number of jobs available to young people.
• Downsizing in the U.S. Military A number of structural policies and strategies guide the military; these provide explanations on the business of the military and the values it upholds.
• Change Management Process: Downsizing and Outsourcing in an Oil Refinery Managing change After defining the problem that needed to be addressed by the change to come, the management decided to appoint a steering committee of three people, including the engineering manager; the choice of the […]
• Social Theory & its Relation to Social Problems: Unemployment. Furthermore, classical economists perceive unemployment as a result of excess supply that is influenced due to elevated price level of work labor.
• The Euro Zone’s Rising Inflation and Unemployment Rate However, the euro zone found itself in a predicament from late 2009 after the economic downturns that faced some countries in the euro zone.
• The Implications of Downsizing to the Employees, Communities and Families of the Employees This paper seeks to establish the effects of downsizing to the employees, communities and the families of the employees. Effects of downsizing on the community in general The economic effects of downsizing are not limited […]
• Unemployment Issue in Europe The European Member States should recommend the use of economic stimulus package in order to spur economic activity in the region.
• Concept of Downsizing Strategy in Business The purpose of this research is to provide a clear illustration of the impacts of downsizing on the three levels of an organization.
• Reasons for Increasing Unemployment in U.S The credit crunch that was experienced between from 2007 to 2009 greatly battered the private sector labor market and resulted in a decline in the number of people who are gainfully employed in the US.
• Long-Term Unemployment in the U.S. From the article, Seib identifies a number of issues that contribute to the problem of the long-term unemployed. This has adverse effects on the ability of such children to get employed in future.
• Unemployment in California The unemployment rate increased due to various reasons such as uncertainty arising from the slow growth in the economy, current slide in the stock market and the debt crisis from the European region, which spooked […]
• Concept of Employee Downsizing Consequently, the article tests the hypothesis that employees with health problems before downsizing in an organization are the target of layoffs, while the health of leavers after downsizing is dependent of reemployment.
• Concept of Automation of Services and their Effect on Unemployment Increased wage rate has the effect of increasing the cost of production and since firms are in the business to make profits, they will increase the prices of their products.
• An Employee Layoff Process: Conducting the Dismissal Meeting If they fail to respect the emotions, the management might fail to control the anxiety and the fear of employees in the restructured company.
• Unemployment in New Jersey There has been a rise in the number of those employed from 143,328 in October 2012 to 143,568 in October 2013.
• Corporate Downsizing Concept and Proper Execution The advancements that have rocked the technological sector are seen to be the greatest influence behind the idea and have to a great extent contributed to the popularity of downsizing.
• Unemployment as a Social Problem To gauge the rate of unemployment the number of the people who are idle is calculated versus the number of people who have been hired.
• The Unemployment Reasons in the UAE In conclusion, the high unemployment rate in the UAE is a result of poor training, the influx of foreign expatriates and government failure to create more jobs for the locals.
• Immigrants in Qatar and the UAE: Laws and Regulations. The Threat of Unemployment vs. the Concern for Social Identity Focusing on the issues of immigration in general and the complexities which the GCC countries have in relation to the issue of immigration in particular, the given paper provides a detailed account of the current […]
• Corporate Downsizing and Restructuring Challenges Concurrently, in the context of restructuring and downsizing business operations, some organisations collaborate with other organisations to attain the desired competitive advantages.
• Labor and Unemployment Rate This ensures that these people make a useful contribution to the economic growth of the country. In addition, lack of stability may also reduce the need to have children.
• The Current Impact of Inflation and Unemployment on Germany’s Political/Economic System It is notable to recognize the fact that the rate of savings in the nation is quite high causing a dip in the rate of inflation.
• Unemployment, Downsizing, and Deindustrialization The effects of both deindustrialization and downsizing that are evidenced due to changing demographics and changing geographic locations of industries depending on the costs to be incurred have very many negative consequences on both the […]
• Youth Unemployment in the UK Such programmes have led to an increase in the level of people who are self-employed. This has led to rise of people who are self-employed in the UK over the years.
• Unemployment in the US: Job Favoritism Spiggs, an official at the “Department of Labor,” insinuated that it could not be easy for the government to determine the extent of the setback.
• Unemployment Rates in the U.S. Chetty has found that 10 % increase in the UI benefits have resulted in the increase of unemployment duration by 4.8%.
• Historical Analysis on Unemployment The city of Los Angeles is one of the places that are worst hit by the catastrophe. The report summarizes that the situation is worse in the US and more particularly in Los Angeles because […]
• Benefits Run Out for Spain’s Jobless: Theories of Unemployment The aim of the paper is to summarize the article on unemployment and establish a connection between the article and the economic theories unemployment.
• Unemployment Rates in the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics The rise in the unemployment rate in 2008 can be termed as cyclical unemployment rate, i.e.the unemployment that occurs due to changes in business cycle.
• Employee Benefits, Unemployment Insurance and Workers Compensation Employee benefits are not counted as part of salary or wages earned by the employees and are provided to the employees in exchange for their contribution towards the organization.
• Being Unemployed and the Impact of Unemployment as a Broad Issue In as much as we would like to take the issue of unemployment at an individual level, it is not possible since it touches on the society as whole and hence the need to discuss […]
• Addressing the Downsizing in America However, in 2007, the company was hit hard by the global financial crisis and one of the restructuring strategies adopted by the management was to outsource the sales department. Downsizing is the result of a […]
• Unemployment Problem in the US Millions of people experience short-term unemployment each year, which last a couple of weeks, during their switch of jobs due to the flexibility to the job market.
• Unemployment as Sosial Problem Many specialists predict that the problems are going to last for some period of time and the countries which are included in the Euro zone should try hard to remove the problem and to return […]
• Analysis of Unemployment and Inflation in the United States This was at the height of the recession that continues to grapple the country with major negative implications in the economy.
• Unemployment in UAE Unwillingness of Men and Women to Work in Certain Occupations One of the factors that have been cited as a cause of unemployment in UAE is that both men women have not been prepared to […]
• Downsizing 10 per Cent of the Staff It may seem that the most complicated task an HR manager faces is finding and hiring a new employee who will meet the requirements of the workplace and the expectations of the company.
• High Unemployment to Last for Years The best measure of unemployment is taking a sample of households, and taking the number of unemployed in that particular household and also looking at the number of people who have registered in employment agencies.
• Does Broadband Internet Reduce the Unemployment Rate?
• Can Slowly Adjusting Wages Explain Involuntary Unemployment?
• Does Culture Affect Unemployment?
• Are Early Educational Choices Affected by Unemployment Benefits?
• Does European Unemployment Prop Up American Wages?
• Can Black Workers Escape Spatial Mismatch?
• Does Higher Language Proficiency Decrease the Probability of Unemployment?
• Are Protective Labor Market Institutions at the Root of Unemployment?
• Does a High Unemployment Rate Result in a High Divorce Rate?
• Can Google Econometrics Predict Unemployment?
• Does Industrial Diversity Always Reduce Unemployment?
• Are Searching and Non-searching Unemployment Distinct States When Unemployment Is High?
• Does Job Search Assistance Reduce Unemployment?
• Can Insider-Outsider Theories Explain the Persistence of Unemployment?
• Does Job Search Monitoring Intensity Affect Unemployment?
• Are Unemployment Benefits Harmful to the Stability of Working Careers?
• Does Liquidity Substitute for Unemployment Insurance?
• Can More FDI Solve the Problem of Unemployment in the EU?
• Does Long-Term Unemployment Reduce a Person’s Chance of a Job?
• Are Unemployment Rates Nonstationary or Nonlinear?
• Does More General Education Reduce the Risk of Future Unemployment?
• Can National Infrastructure Spending Reduce Local Unemployment?
• Does Output Predict Unemployment?
• Did the Great Recession Downsize Immigrants and Native-Born Americans Differently?
• Does Reducing Unemployment Benefits During a Recession Reduce Youth Unemployment?
• Can Supply-Side Policies Reduce Unemployment?
• Does Rising Unemployment Lead to Policies of Labour Flexibility?
• Can Unemployment Insurance Spur Entrepreneurial Activity?
• Does Sanctioning Disabled Claimants of Unemployment Insurance Increase Labour Market Inactivity?
• How Can Unions Result in Higher Unemployment Rates?
• Economic Topics
• Social Work Essay Titles
• Minimum Wage Research Ideas
• Retirement Titles
• Career Development Topics
• Work Environment Research Topics
• Social Justice Essay Ideas
• Workplace Diversity Research Ideas
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, March 3). 205 Unemployment Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/unemployment-essay-topics/

"205 Unemployment Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." IvyPanda , 3 Mar. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/unemployment-essay-topics/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '205 Unemployment Essay Topic Ideas & Examples'. 3 March.

IvyPanda . 2024. "205 Unemployment Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." March 3, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/unemployment-essay-topics/.

1. IvyPanda . "205 Unemployment Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." March 3, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/unemployment-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "205 Unemployment Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." March 3, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/unemployment-essay-topics/.

Advertisement

Is the Fed Behind the Curve? As Unemployment Rises, Worries Mount.

Central bankers are preparing to cut interest rates, and are monitoring job data as they consider when and how much to lower them.

• Share full article

Federal funds

target rate

By Jeanna Smialek

• Aug. 2, 2024

Federal Reserve officials held off on cutting interest rates this week because they wanted to see slightly more data to feel confident that inflation is truly coming under control. While that approach is cautious when it comes to price increases, Friday’s employment report underscored that it might be a risky one when it comes to the job market.

Unemployment rose to 4.3 percent in July, up from 4.1 percent previously, as hiring slowed sharply. The labor market cracks have given sudden urgency to concerns that the Fed has waited too long to begin cutting rates — and that it might be falling behind, allowing the job market to slow in a way that will be hard to stall or reverse.

“They are absolutely behind the curve, and they need to catch up,” said Julia Coronado, founder of MacroPolicy Perspectives.

High Fed interest rates help to cool inflation by slowing demand. When it costs more to borrow to buy a house or expand a business, people make fewer big purchases and companies hire fewer workers. As economic activity pulls back, businesses struggle to raise prices as quickly, and inflation moderates.

That chain reaction can come at a serious cost to the job market, though. And once the labor market begins to slow, the cool-down can be difficult to arrest: Economists often say that the unemployment rate shoots up like a rocket and comes down like a feather.

For months now, Fed policymakers have been balancing two big risks. They have been trying to avoid cutting rates too early or too much, allowing the economy to take back off and leaving inflation stuck at an elevated pace. But as inflation has cooled and unemployment has crept higher, officials have been increasingly attuned to the second threat: that they could overdo it by keeping rates too high for too long. That could tip the economy into a severe enough slowdown that it pushes unemployment sharply higher and leaves Americans out of work.

We are having trouble retrieving the article content.

Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and  log into  your Times account, or  subscribe  for all of The Times.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access.

Already a subscriber?  Log in .

Want all of The Times?  Subscribe .

Paul Wiseman, Associated Press Paul Wiseman, Associated Press

Leave your feedback

• Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/u-s-hiring-slows-with-just-114000-jobs-added-in-july-unemployment-rate-hits-4-3-percent

U.S. hiring slows with just 114,000 jobs added in July, unemployment rate hits 4.3 percent

WASHINGTON (AP) — U.S. hiring decelerated sharply last month in the face of high interest rates as employers added an unexpectedly weak 114,000 jobs.

Friday’s Labor Department report showed a drop from the 179,000 jobs created in June. Forecasters had expected to see 175,000 jobs in July. The unemployment rate rose to 4.3 percent, highest since October 2021, as the number of jobless Americans rose by 352,000.

The economy had proven unexpectedly sturdy in the face of the Federal Reserve’s campaign to tame inflation with high interest rates. The Fed raised its benchmark rate 11 times in 2022 and 2023, taking it to a 23-year high. But the higher borrowing costs appear to be taking a toll.

READ MORE: Federal Reserve’s favored inflation gauge cools, increasing likelihood of September rate cut

The unemployment rate has risen for four consecutive months. Its jump to 4.3 percent in July crossed a tripwire that historically has signaled that the United States is in recession — though economists say the gauge probably is not reliable in the topsy-turvy post-pandemic economy.

In another sign that the labor market is cooling, average hourly wages rose just 3.6 percent from July 2023, smallest year-over-year gain since May 2021 and a development likely to ease inflationary pressure in the economy.

Jobs gains were also concentrated in a few industries. Healthcare and social assistance firms added 64,000 jobs last month, accounting for 56 percent of hiring. Restaurants, hotels and bars added nearly 26,000 jobs.

The economy is weighing heavily on voters’ minds as they prepare for the presidential election in November. Many are unimpressed with the strong job gains of the past three years, exasperated instead by high prices. Two years ago, inflation hit a four-decade high. The price increases eased, but consumers are still paying 19 percent more for goods and services overall than they were before inflation first heated up in spring 2021.

The so-called Sahm Rule, named for the former Fed economist who came up with it, Claudia Sahm, holds that a recession is almost always already underway if the unemployment rate (based on a three-month moving average) rises by half a percentage point from its low of the past year. The jump to 4.3 percent crossed the threshold.

Still, Sahm, now chief economist at the investment firm New Century Advisors, said before Friday’s report that this time “a recession is not imminent” even if unemployment crosses the Sahm Rule threshold.

READ MORE: More Americans apply for unemployment benefits as layoffs settle at higher levels in recent weeks

America’s jobs numbers have been unsettled by an unexpected surge in immigration — much of it illegal — over the past couple of years. The new arrivals have poured into the American labor force and helped ease labor shortages across the economy — but not all of them have found jobs right away, pushing up the jobless rate. Moreover, people who have entered the country illegally are less inclined to respond to the Labor Department’s jobs survey, meaning they can go uncounted as employed, notes Oxford’s Martin.

Nonetheless, Sahm remains concerned about the hiring slowdown, noting that a deteriorating job market can feed on itself.

“Once you have a certain momentum going to the downside, it often can get going,” Sahm said. The Sahm rule, she says, is “not working like it usually does, but it shouldn’t be ignored.”

Sahm had urged Fed policymakers to preemptively cut their benchmark interest rate at their meeting this week, but they chose to leave it unchanged at the highest level in 23 years. They are widely expected to start reducing the rate at their next meeting in September.

Economists on Friday were questioning whether the Fed had waited too long to start easing borrowing costs. “Oh dear, has the Fed made a policy mistake?” said Seema Shah, chief global strategist at Principal Asset Management. “The labor market’s slowdown is now materializing with more clarity,…a September rate cut is in the bag and the Fed will be hoping that they haven’t, once again, been too slow to act.”

Support Provided By: Learn more

Educate your inbox

Subscribe to Here’s the Deal, our politics newsletter for analysis you won’t find anywhere else.

Thank you. Please check your inbox to confirm.

Jobs report exceeds expectations but unemployment rise signals cooling labor market

Nation Jul 05

THE BEST Elektrostal Art Museums

Art museums in elektrostal.

• Art Museums
• Specialty Museums
• History Museums

1. Electrostal History and Art Museum

Get the Reddit app

A subreddit for those who enjoy learning about flags, their place in society past and present, and their design characteristics

The flag of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia which I bought there during my last visit

By continuing, you agree to our User Agreement and acknowledge that you understand the Privacy Policy .

Enter the 6-digit code from your authenticator app

You’ve set up two-factor authentication for this account.

Enter a 6-digit backup code

Create your username and password.

Reddit is anonymous, so your username is what you’ll go by here. Choose wisely—because once you get a name, you can’t change it.

Reset your password

Enter your email address or username and we’ll send you a link to reset your password

Check your inbox

An email with a link to reset your password was sent to the email address associated with your account

Choose a Reddit account to continue

Read The Diplomat , Know The Asia-Pacific

• Central Asia
• Southeast Asia

Environment

• Asia Defense
• China Power
• Crossroads Asia
• Flashpoints
• Pacific Money
• Tokyo Report
• Trans-Pacific View
• Photo Essays
• Write for Us
• Subscriptions

Gen Z in Bangladesh: Moving Beyond the ‘Traitor’ and ‘Freedom Fighter’ Binary

Recent features.

A Grand Coalition and a New Era in Mongolia

Dealing With China Should Be a Key Priority for the New EU Leadership

The US CHIPS Act, 2 Years Later

Understanding China’s Approach to Nuclear Deterrence

Fear Not? The Economic Impact of Vietnam’s Political Churn

How Should the World Perceive Today’s Hong Kong?

Radha Kumar on Kashmir, 5 Years After Article 370 Was Scrapped

On China-India Border, Ladakh Blames Modi’s BJP for Unemployment, Stagnancy

The Threat From Overseas Chinese Military Bases Is Overblown

Sri Lanka’s Underappreciated Asset: Offshore Natural Gas

The Intensifying Impacts of Upstream Dams on the Mekong

Growth Without Progression: The Contradictions Facing China’s Urban Youth 

The debate  |  opinion.

The student protests prove that young Bangladeshis are ready to move beyond categorizations based on events from 50 years ago. 

Activists take part in a protest march against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her government to demand justice for more than 200 people killed in last month’s violent demonstrations, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Aug. 2, 2024.

It is a true tragedy when a weapon, sharpened diligently to eliminate opponents, returns as a fatal boomerang. The fluctuating significance of the terms “Razakar” and “Muktijoddha” in Bangladeshi politics over the past five decades mirrors such a tragedy. This saga has culminated in a definitive closure through the recent student movement, which has left hundreds dead, and thousands wounded, arrested, or missing – often bearing the marks of pathological violence.

The term “Razakar” (literally “volunteers” but meaning “traitors” or “collaborators” in Bangladesh’s context) gained currency during Bangladeshis’ nine-month war of independence against Pakistan, which began on March 26, 1971. The Razakars collaborated with the Pakistan Army, which committed genocidal atrocities. 

However, from the beginning the term carried complexities. Some Razakars were not defenders of the Pakistani state or its ideology but were motivated by financial gain and personal vendettas. Others enlisted under pressure and threats, to save their and their family members’ lives. Intriguingly, many enlisted to turn the system in their favor to save their community or neighborhood. Some in this category even included the Muktijoddhas (freedom fighters of 1971). The term “Razakar” thus became a symbol of both extreme brutality and a strategy to survive in a volatile time.

When Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returned to Bangladesh as its prime minister after being imprisoned in Pakistan during the war, he was embroiled in the ambivalence surrounding the category of Razakar. Recognizing the need for unity in a post-war country and the fluid context in which Razakars operated under different circumstances, he offered a general amnesty to Razakars and other collaborators following some trials. 

Of the approximately 35,000 to 40,000 Razakars (including those merely “registered for investigation”), about 20,000 were arrested, and fewer than 1,000 were convicted. A vast majority of those convicted received general amnesty. 

Rahman’s government even extended amnesty to the masterminds of the Razakar forces and other collaborator agencies, including the two wartime governors in Dhaka, General Tikka Khan and Abdul Malik. In his December 15, 1973, meeting with a British diplomat, Rahman said he was “genuinely pleased” when he learned that the amnesty for collaborators had been welcomed in London. He remarked that he liked “doing kind-hearted things,” and believed the “time had come to give these people another chance and let them do some useful work.”  

This earlier and less celebrated version of Nelson Mandela’s Truth and Reconciliation efforts reflected a pragmatic approach, acknowledging the need for unity in a war-ravaged country.

The concept of Razakar took on a strange afterlife in the 1990s, when old wartime group identities were revived to gain political leverage. This flared up around the question of a “quota” system in public sector recruitment reserved for the Muktijoddhas (freedom fighters) who gallantly fought for Bangladesh’s independence. 

According to Awami League government sources, the number of Muktijoddhas in 1971 ranged between 70,000 and 190,000, at most. Taking the highest estimate, this constituted 0.27 percent of the population of 70 million in 1972. After the war, Muktijoddhas were rightfully honored for their sacrifices with titles, awards, and allowances. In addition to these well-deserved privileges, 30 percent of public sector jobs were reserved for this 0.27 percent of the population. While this seems disproportionately large – and was not called for by the Muktijoddhas themselves – the discrepancy remained largely unnoticed due to the empathy and respect the veterans earned through their selfless contributions during the war.

By the third anniversary of Bangladesh’s independence in 1974, both the Razakar and Muktijoddha issues were largely laid to rest. With the passing of the first generation, these issues should have run their natural course. However, the current ruling establishment, tempted by the political benefits of this institutionalized patron-clientage system, retained the 30 percent quota for the children of the Muktijoddhas in 1997 and extended it to their grandchildren in 2009. 

Despite the inclusion of their grandchildren, about 29 percent of the quota positions remain unaccounted for. So, who fills these vacant positions?

Over the years, these quotas have been overwhelmingly filled by Awami League supporters, resulting in appointments across various sectors including the administrative branches, judiciary, military, police, educational institutions from primary to university levels, as well as in every other conceivable area of governance.

If nearly 30 percent of government jobs are filled by the Awami League supporters under the Muktijoddha quota, the remaining positions have also largely become inaccessible due to an abstract notion of “Muktijuddher chetona” (Spirit of the Liberation War). This “spirit” effectively brands anyone not loyal to the Awami League as Razakar, with loyalty checks often extending two to three generations. 

This injustice and marginalization appeared increasingly untenable in recent years, especially as the unemployment rate soared from 2.9 percent in 2009 (when the quota was extended to the grandchildren of freedom fighters) to a conservative estimate of 5.1 percent in 2023. In Bangladesh, where Gen Z stands at the center of the demographic dividend with their versatility, willingness to face fair competition, and fearless quest for justice, the students and youths found themselves burdened by this colossal discrimination and violation of both the national constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights regarding fair employment opportunities.

So when, in late July 2024, the prime minister of Bangladesh castigated the students demanding reforms to the quota system as “Razakar’s progeny,” she represented merely a quarter of a percent of job aspirants against more than 99 percent. It was hardly surprising that the students, with an ironic twist, responded with chants like: “Who am I? Who are you? Razakar, Razakar!” “We demanded our rightful claim but got branded as Razakar!” and “Razakar, Razakar. Who said so? Who said so? Dictator, Dictator!”

This is how the hegemonic weapon of “Razakar,” which the current establishment has wielded for decades, has come back to haunt it. The government finally agreed to reform the quota system following a bloody battle against students, which university colleagues in Bangladesh have termed the “July Massacre.” But this does little to alter the larger context in which this movement has taken place, because the quota system is not merely a plot but a symptom of a wider challenge facing Bangladesh. 

The “freedom fighter quota,” underpinned by an abstract concept of the “Spirit of the Liberation War,” essentially serves as an incentive to secure the loyalty of students and youths, ultimately transforming each jobholder appointed under this system into a cog of Bangladesh’s autocratic machine. For a government that has lost domestic and international support through fraudulent elections, massive corruption, and severe human rights violations, this patron-client system is one of the last mechanisms it clings to in order to perpetuate power. 

For the students, the quota system epitomizes systemic, institutional injustice and discrimination, further dividing a nation already strained politically and economically. A new Gen Z resistance has been a long time coming. The binary and divisive labels of “Razakar” and “Muktijoddha” will not deter the youths from pursuing an inclusive, fair, and just society. The Gen Z Spring is here to stay, whoever is in power. 

The Quota Reform Protest In Bangladesh Is Much More Than It Seems 

By md mizanur rahman.

A Majority of Bangladeshi Netizens Show Red Card to Government’s Mourning Decision

By saqlain rizve.

History’s Key Role in Deadly Student Protests in Bangladesh 

By samata biswas.

Bangladesh Imposes Strict Curfew With ‘Shoot-On-Sight’ Order Following Deadly Protests

By julhas alam and sheikh saaliq.

By Nathan Beauchamp-Mustafaga and Howard Wang

The Silent Winner of Myanmar’s Northern Conflict

By amara thiha.

By Nguyen Minh Quang, Nguyen Phuong Nguyen, Le Minh Hieu, and James Borton

Is Anyone Buying the Bangladesh Government’s Narrative on the Protest?

By abu jakir.

By Rahul Mishra

By Alex Alfirraz Scheers

By Michael Mo

By Tarushi Aswani

JavaScript is Disabled in your browser. Please Enable the JavaScript to continue.