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Africa: Before and after colonization
All colonial empires based their colonial expansion on controlling geopolitical strategic areas in order to gain greater influence and by extension, more power. In this map essay, the writer analyzes the influence of France on colonial Africa, what changed through the course of time and what is the current situation. 'Border making‘, also known as 'bordering' is caused by the process of securing and governing of the 'own' economic welfare and identity (van Houtum & van Naerssen, 2002).
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Md. Shafiqur Rahaman , Md. Rawshan Yeazdani
Encyclopedia of Human Geography
Amber Murrey
European colonialisms (circa. Late 1400) are complex, particularized, and changing political- economic-social-religious systems of domination. In the pursuit of capital accumulation and appropriation, Western European colonialisms generated and benefited from racialized and racist logics. Following the “formal” decolonization of much, but not all, of the colonized world—from Haiti in 1804, to Cameroon in 1960, to Papua New Guinea in 1975, to Timor-Leste in 2002—colonial structures, relations, and imaginaries often persisted in altered forms. Social scientists draw variously from political economy and historical materialism as well as postcolonial thought and cultural materialism within the broader field of colonial studies to both critique European colonialisms of the past and reveal the persistence(s) of colonial relations/structures in the present. Colonial “durabilities” and the “coloniality of being” continue to inform post-colonial political economies, social relations, and knowledge productions, creations, circulations, and contestations. The protraction of colonial domination(s) into the early 21st Century have given rise to reinvigorations of anti-colonial and postcolonial critique, including decolonial options and polygonal projects of decolonization. Widespread discontent regarding the persistence of “colonialism in the present” are manifested in the vocal and visible debates within early 21st Century universities around decolonizing knowledge, including struggles to decolonize the discipline of geography.
Lynn Schler , Ayodeji Olukoju
The history of colonialism is very interesting and has had a noteworthy impact on the contemporary world. Between 1870 to the mid twentieth century, the continent of Africa encountered the full force of European colonialism. European powers fought each other to establish their footprint on the continent. Around 17th century, France began to establish its historical, economic and political footprint in Africa. Amongst other European countries, France expanded the most and by the 19th century it had conquered vast territories in West Africa. Nevertheless, a process of decolonization began in the latter half of the 20 th century against the backdrop of the Second World War. Although France ceased to govern these territories directly, it still retained substantial politico-economic clout in the region. Paris also cultivated strategic security partnerships with its former colonies in Africa. Between 1963 and 2013, France undertook several interventions. Mali, located in West Africa, officially got independence from France in 1960. Still, it carries vestiges of its colonial past. This paper studies the continuing French influence in Mali, and how this former French colony in West Africa became victim of a resource war.
Theses and Dissertations
Jason Verber
Bruno Charbonneau
The role of French security policy and cooperation in Africa has long been recognized as a critically important factor in African politics and international relations. The newest form of security cooperation, a trend which merges security and development and which is actively promoted by other major Western powers, adds to our understanding of this broader trend in African relations with the industrialized North. This book investigates whether French involvement in Africa is really in the interest of Africans, or whether French intervention continues to deny African political freedom and to sustain their current social, economic and political conditions. It illustrates how policies portrayed as promoting stability and development can in fact be factors of instability and reproductive mechanisms of systems of dependency, domination and subordination. Providing complex ideas in a clear and pointed manner, France and the New Imperialism is a sophisticated understanding of critical security studies. Contents: French security policy in sub-Saharan Africa; The symbolic state, security, and symbolic France; Colonizing the political in Africa: underwriting French hegemony and proscribing dissent; Authorizing hegemony: French power and military cooperation, 1960–1994; Into the 21st century: liberal war, global governance, and French military cooperation; Making (in)security: the use of force to master violence; Complicity in genocide: France in Rwanda; Hegemonic struggles, hegemonic restructuring: France in Côte d' Ivoire; Conclusion: France and the new imperialism Reviews: 'A valuable and provocative book, combining insightful deployment of critical theoretical ideas on security and the symbolic state with historically and empirically rich analyses of French engagements with Africa. The author successfully demonstrates both the dynamism and the powerful continuities that mark Franco-African relations, to the detriment of most Africans within the ambit of this deeply rooted “special relationship”.' David Black, Dalhousie University, Canada '…this book raises a number of fascinating questions and opens a necessary and long delayed debate about France's security policy in Africa…' Journal of Contemporary European Studies '…the book succeeds in showing where the Franco-African complex has come from and how it has endured, rendering it open to further scrutiny. It also forms a useful guide to how such issues might be investigated in other contexts.' African Affairs
Pablo Pérez Ruiz
Western 'civilizing missions' and 'human rights', c.1885-1960: a study of difference, violence, and universalism " The task of the administrative officer is to clothe his principles in the garb of evolution, not of revolution " Frederick D. Lugard " Emptiness as a defence for oppression has never made a great subject for literature " Ngugi Wa Thiong'o In an era in which human rights have become the 'doxa of our time' or the 'last utopia,' historicizing human rights has become a necessary task to understand both their contingency and their multiple and often contradictory sources. To contribute towards this aim, the present essay examines the evolution of civilizing missions from the late nineteenth century to the 1960s as one of the many forces behind human rights. It argues that both have in common the search for moral legitimacy for a certain (Western) worldview through the use of difference, universalism and violence, a search ridden by unexpected 'boomerang effects.' The intention is not to create a presentist teleology of Western political hypocrisy or to concede ownership of human rights to Europe 'only to be subjected to ironic dismissal for their association with European imperialism,'1 but rather to explore the relationship of apparent 'competing universalisms' and to question the 'historical axiom' that the United Nations appeared from out of nowhere after the Second World War.2 Looking at the normative aspect of the European 'civilizing mission,' this essay will trace the evolution of the 'civilizing mission' from the 1885 Berlin Conference up to the setting up of the United Nations and its Declaration of Human Rights, passing through the League of Nations' mandate system as an attempt to internationalize colonial sovereignty. The aim is to show how aspects such as colonial conquest and control and the colonial legal system underlined the rights discourse, not as sole contributors but as often ignored ones.
olufemi taiwo
femi solomon
Introduction Between the 1870s and 1900, Africa faced European imperialist aggression, diplomatic pressures, military invasions, and eventual conquest and colonization. At the same time, African societies put up various forms of resistance against the attempt to colonize their countries and impose foreign domination. By the early twentieth century, however, much of Africa, except Ethiopia and Liberia, had been colonized by European powers. The European imperialist push into Africa was motivated by three main factors, economic, political, and social. It developed in the nineteenth century following the collapse of the profitability of the slave trade, its abolition and suppression, as well as the expansion of the European capitalist Industrial Revolution. The imperatives of capitalist industrialization—including the demand for assured sources of raw materials, the search for guaranteed markets and profitable investment outlets—spurred the European scramble and the partition and eventual conquest of Africa. Thus the primary motivation for European intrusion was economic 1 (Ehiedu E.G Iweriebor).
Imo Journal
During the last five hundred years, Africa became increasingly dominated by European traders and colonizers. European traders sent millions of Africans to work as slaves on colonial plantations in North America, South America, and the Caribbean. Europeans also sought Africa‟s wealth of raw materials to fuel their industries. In the late nineteenth century, European powers seized and colonized virtually all of Africa. Through slow reform or violent struggle, most of Africa won independence in the 1950s and 1960s. Independent Africa inherited from colonization a weak position in the global economy, underdeveloped communication and transportation systems, and arbitrarily drawn national boundaries. The citizens of these new nations generally had little in terms of history or culture to bind them together. This paper therefore seeks to explore, using historical analytical methodology, the concept of imperialism, its effects on African states, especially on Sierra Leone and the strategies employed to overcome it.
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PDF | On Aug 12, 2018, Enoch Ndem Okon and others published Imperialism and contemporary Africa : an analysis of continuity and change | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
Imperialism and Contemporary Africa… 228 structures, designed by Western imperialist as veritable instruments for the perpetuation of economic exploitation, politico-military domination, and socio-cultural subjugation. It concluded that in spite of structural changes, the processes and objectives of imperialism remain same as they were in the ...
We argue that in the light of plausible counter-factuals, colonialism probably had a uniformly negative effect on development in Africa. To develop this claim we distinguish between three sorts of colonies: (1) those which coincided with a pre-colonial centralized state, (2) those of white settlement, (3) the rest.
DBQ 9: Imperialism in Africa. European imperialism in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries resulted in the carving up of areas of Africa and Asia into vast colonial empires. This was true for most of the continent of Africa. As imperialism spread, the colonizer and the colony viewed imperialism differently.
Another important impact of colonialism in Africa. was the emergence and institutionalization of classes and. class struggle in the socio-economic and political life. of the people. Colonialism ...
Volume 2 Number 11, November, 2022. p- ISSN 2775- 3735 - e-ISSN 2775- 3727. IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA. Augustus Fisher. Department of Political Science, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State ...
Trapido 45 Introduction to "Imperialism, Settler Identities and Colonial Capitalism: The Hundred Year Origins of the 1899 South African War" In this paper, written as a chapter for the forthcoming Cambridge History of South Africa, Stanley Trapido puts forward an interpretation of the causes of the South African War that integrates context with agency.
It is the largest country in Africa (in terms of land mass), sprawling over one million square miles. It is bordered in the north by Egypt, in the west by Libya and Chad and Ethiopia in the south east. With a population of about thirty eight million people, Sudan has numerous ethnic groups divided into clans and sub-clans.
Comparative Perspective. is the tendency to equate colonialism with European expansion and European domination of overseas peoples and cultures. Thus, with. institutions, and representations as well as indigenous responses in Africa, Asia, and, to a lesser extent, Oceania and the Americas. The term 'coloni-.
The work took a hard and critical look on the impact of colonialism and its concomitant ally, imperialism on the African state. The analysis revealed that the present primary role of African states in the international world economy as the dominant sources of raw materials and major consumers of manufactured products are the results of long years of colonial dominance, exploitation and ...
Colonialism in Africa: its impact and significance. book part. Corporate author. International Scientific Committee for the drafting of a General History of Africa; Person as author. Boahen, Albert Adu; In. General history of Africa, VII: Africa under colonial domination, 1880-1935, 7, p.782-809;
African languages to help disseminate Christian doctrines. Individuals like Dr. David Livingstone were able to combine missionary activities with extensive scientific research and geographic investigations. To this day, Africa remains a favorite destination for missionaries. The third reason was based on imperialism, the desire by European
PDF | On Apr 15, 2023, Maraizu Elechi and others published African Experience of Imperialism and its Emerging Implications: A Critical Analysis | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ...
rld.1 This paper revisits the issue of the continent's chronic underdevelopment and backwardness. Although endowed with enormous and almost inexhaustible resources, Africa lags behind the other continents in every facet of life — economi-cally, technically, politically and technologica. any Africans toAddress for communication: <emmanuel ...
The 1880s mark the beginning of the colonial period in African history. While Europeans and Africans had established relationships in a variety of settings for centuries, the 1880s mark a major turning point in European attitudes toward Africa. Three primary developments explain increased European involvement in Africa.
or industrial products. As a result, colonial pow-ers seized vast areas of Africa during the 19th a. d early 20th centuries. This seizure of a country or territory by a stronger countr. is called imperialism. As occurred throughout most of Africa, stronger countries dominated the political, economic, and social life.
Africa: Before and after colonization. All colonial empires based their colonial expansion on controlling geopolitical strategic areas in order to gain greater influence and by extension, more power. In this map essay, the writer analyzes the influence of France on colonial Africa, what changed through the course of time and what is the current ...
s six percent of the Earth's total area (Sayre, 1999). This massive continent currently consists of 54 countries such. s Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Somalia, and Tanzania etc. The colonization of Africa spanned for decades of years (1800-1. 60) after which independence prevailed in the continent. Today, after over fifty years of independence ...
6.2.12.C.3.e Assess the impact of imperialism on economic development in Africa and Asia. 6.2.12.D.3.d Analyze the extent to which racism was both a cause and consequence of imperialism, and evaluate the impact of imperialism from multiple perspectives.
Colonialism in Africa: An Introductory Review. July 2023. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0245-3_1. In book: Political Economy of Colonial Relations and Crisis of Contemporary African Diplomacy (pp.1-11 ...
Imperialism in Africa Essay - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This document provides a summary of the constellation Andromeda and the myth behind it. The myth tells the story of Cassiopeia boasting that her daughter Andromeda was more beautiful than the gods. As punishment from Poseidon, Andromeda was chained to a rock to be eaten by a sea monster.
The White Man killed my father, My father was proud. The White Man seduced my mother, My mother was beautiful. The White Man burnt my brother beneath the noonday sun, My brother was strong. His hands red with black blood The White Man turned to me; And in the Conqueror's voice said, "Boy! a chair, a napkin, a drink.
This text introduces the themed issue "Imperialism, Internationalism. and Education in Africa: Connected Histories". It provides an over-. view of the history of education in twentieth-century ...