easy essay on pollution for class 8

Essay on Pollution In English For Students

Essay on Pollution for Students: Explore Essay on pollution in varying lengths, including 100, 150, 200, 600, and 800 words.

November 19, 2023

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Essay on Pollution: Pollution is a big problem that happens when harmful things get into the air, water, and land around us. It can be from factories, cars, or even how we throw away our trash. Pollution is not good because it can make people and animals sick and can even change the weather. It’s not just a problem in one place – it’s everywhere, and it affects the whole world. In this essay, we’re going to talk about the different kinds of pollution, where it comes from, and why we all need to work together to make things better for our planet.

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Short Essay on Pollution

Below, we present concise and comprehensive essays on pollution in English to enhance your understanding. Upon reviewing these essays, you will gain insights into the definition of pollution, its primary causes, methods for prevention, and more. These resources can prove valuable for your academic assignments, such as essay writing, speech delivery, or paragraph composition in school or college.

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Essay on Pollution in 100 Words

Pollution happens when harmful stuff gets into nature and makes things bad. There are different kinds of pollution like dirty air, dirty water, dirty soil, too much noise, and too much light. The sources of pollution are diverse, ranging from industrial activities to household waste. Pollution has severe consequences on ecosystems, human health, and the overall well-being of our planet. Addressing pollution is a collective responsibility that requires global awareness and sustainable practices. Governments play a crucial role in enforcing regulations, promoting renewable energy sources, and raising awareness about the importance of environmental conservation.

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Essay on Pollution in 150 Words

Pollution is a pressing environmental issue affecting our planet. It occurs when harmful substances contaminate the air, water, or soil. The primary sources of pollution include industrial activities, vehicle emissions, improper waste disposal, and deforestation. Air pollution, caused by the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, leads to respiratory problems and climate change. Water pollution, resulting from the discharge of chemicals and waste into water bodies, poses a threat to aquatic life and human health.

Soil pollution occurs when pollutants, such as pesticides and industrial waste, degrade the quality of soil, impacting plant growth and food safety. Noise pollution, caused by excessive noise from various sources, can lead to stress and hearing loss. Light pollution disrupts natural ecosystems and affects wildlife behavior. To address pollution, individuals must adopt sustainable practices, industries must implement cleaner technologies, and governments must enforce stringent environmental regulations.

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Essay on Pollution in 200 Words

Pollution is a global challenge that poses a threat to the health of our planet and its inhabitants. It manifests in various forms, including air, water, soil, noise, and light pollution. The consequences of pollution are far-reaching, affecting ecosystems, biodiversity, and human well-being. Industrial activities, urbanization, and improper waste management contribute significantly to pollution.

Air pollution, caused by the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, leads to respiratory diseases, climate change, and environmental degradation. Water pollution results from the discharge of chemicals, sewage, and industrial waste into rivers, lakes, and oceans, harming aquatic life and contaminating drinking water sources. Soil pollution occurs when pollutants like pesticides and heavy metals degrade the quality of soil, affecting plant growth and food safety.

Noise pollution, generated by traffic, industrial machinery, and other human activities, can have adverse effects on human health, causing stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss. Light pollution, caused by excessive artificial light in urban areas, disrupts natural ecosystems and interferes with the behavior of nocturnal animals.

Addressing pollution requires collective efforts at individual, community, and governmental levels. Individuals can contribute by adopting eco-friendly practices, reducing waste, and using sustainable modes of transportation. Industries must invest in cleaner technologies and adhere to strict environmental standards. 

Long Essay on Pollution 

Pollution is a complex and multifaceted environmental issue that poses a significant threat to the sustainability of our planet. It is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment, resulting in adverse changes that affect ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health. Pollution can take various forms, including air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, and light pollution, each with its unique set of challenges and consequences.

Sources of Pollution

The sources of pollution are diverse and often interconnected. Industrial activities, urbanization, transportation, agriculture, and improper waste management contribute significantly to the release of pollutants into the environment. Industrial processes emit a variety of pollutants, including greenhouse gases, particulate matter, and toxic chemicals, which can have detrimental effects on air quality and contribute to climate change.

Vehicle emissions, stemming from the burning of fossil fuels, release pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the atmosphere, contributing to air pollution and respiratory diseases. Improper disposal of waste, both solid and liquid, contaminates water bodies and soil, posing threats to aquatic life, plant health, and food safety.

Agricultural practices, including the use of pesticides and fertilizers, contribute to soil and water pollution, affecting both the environment and human health. Deforestation and urbanization disrupt natural ecosystems, leading to habitat loss and the displacement of wildlife. Noise pollution, resulting from human activities such as traffic, construction, and industrial processes, can have adverse effects on human health, causing stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss.

Consequences of Pollution

The consequences of pollution are severe and far-reaching. Air pollution is a major contributor to respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-term exposure to air pollutants such as particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide has been linked to cardiovascular diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Water pollution poses threats to aquatic life and human health. Contaminated water sources can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases, affecting millions of people globally. Soil pollution affects plant growth and food safety, as pollutants like pesticides and heavy metals accumulate in the soil and enter the food chain.

Noise pollution can have physiological and psychological effects, causing stress, sleep disturbances, and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Light pollution disrupts natural ecosystems and interferes with the behavior of nocturnal animals, affecting their reproductive patterns and migration.

Global Impact

Pollution is not confined to local or regional boundaries; it has a global impact. Greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels, contribute to global warming and climate change. The rise in global temperatures leads to melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events, posing threats to unsafe ecosystems and communities.

The pollution of oceans with plastic waste has become a global crisis, with millions of tons of plastic entering the oceans annually. This not only harms marine life but also affects human health, as microplastics enter the food chain through seafood consumption.

Loss of biodiversity is another consequence of pollution, as ecosystems are disrupted and species face habitat destruction and pollution-induced stress. The decline of pollinators, such as bees, due to exposure to pesticides, has implications for agriculture and food security.

Addressing Pollution

Addressing pollution requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach at individual, community, and governmental levels. Individuals can contribute by adopting sustainable practices in their daily lives, such as reducing energy consumption, using eco-friendly products, and practicing responsible waste disposal.

Communities can organize clean-up initiatives, promote recycling programs, and raise awareness about the importance of environmental conservation. Educational institutions play a crucial role in fostering environmental awareness and sustainability practices among students.

Governments must enact and enforce stringent environmental regulations to curb pollution. Incentives for industries to adopt cleaner technologies, invest in renewable energy sources, and implement sustainable waste management practices are essential. International cooperation is crucial to address global environmental challenges, with countries working together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, combat plastic pollution, and protect biodiversity.

Essay on Pollution in 800 Words

Pollution, the presence of unwanted substances known as pollutants in the environment, poses an immediate and severe threat to the delicate balance of our ecosystems. The recognition of the urgent need to address pollution is essential if we are to preserve the Earth and its biodiversity. This essay explores the various facets of pollution, its types, and the impact it has on major Indian cities such as Delhi, Noida, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, and Varanasi.

What is Pollution?

Pollution occurs when external compounds, primarily generated by human activities, enter the environment as unwanted entities known as pollutants. These pollutants cause significant harm to the environment, affecting water bodies, air, flora, and fauna. The consequences of pollution extend globally, contributing to phenomena like the greenhouse gas effect, global warming, and acid rain.

Effects of Pollution on Major Indian Cities

Imagine bustling cities in India, like Delhi or Varanasi, filled with life and energy. However, there’s a problem casting a shadow over this vibrancy – pollution. In this exploration, we’re going to look at how pollution affects the air, water, and soil in cities such as Delhi, Noida, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, and Varanasi. The goal is to understand the challenges these cities face and why it’s so important for everyone to work together to tackle pollution and ensure a healthier future.

Pollution Level in Delhi

Delhi, the National Capital Territory, faces a dire situation in terms of air quality index (AQI). According to the World Health Organization, Delhi ranks lowest among 1650 major cities worldwide. The air quality, especially during the winter months from October to December, rapidly deteriorates, reaching hazardous levels.

The AQI for Delhi remains moderate (101-200) from January to September but spikes during winter, often surpassing 500. Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) levels soar well beyond safe limits, primarily due to factors such as vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and the traditional practice of burning paddy crop roots in neighboring states.

Pollution Level in Noida

Noida, bordering Delhi in western Uttar Pradesh, faces similar challenges with poor air quality. Intensive construction activities, heavy vehicular pollution, and cold winter air contribute to the formation of a thick smog, impacting the Air Quality Index. The PM levels in Noida compete with Delhi, often reaching hazardous levels during the winter months.

Pollution Level in Ghaziabad

Ghaziabad frequently tops the list of North Indian cities with the worst AQI and pollution levels. Industrial pollution and waste burning are major contributors to Ghaziabad’s poor air quality. Located on the outskirts of the city, industries emit dense smoke, exacerbating pollution. The PM10 levels in Ghaziabad often surpass permissible limits, reaching alarming levels, especially during festivals like Diwali.

Pollution Level in Lucknow

Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh, experiences fluctuating AQI levels, ranging from moderate to poor. While not as severe as Delhi NCR, the air quality in Lucknow is still alarming, demanding concrete action. The quantity of suspended Particulate Matter has increased significantly in residential areas, posing health risks. The city’s air contains fine PM2.5 particles, reaching hazardous concentrations.

Pollution Level in Varanasi

Varanasi, the ancient pilgrimage city and the parliamentary constituency of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, faces environmental challenges due to ongoing construction activities. Varanasi’s AQI is ranked third on the World Health Organization’s list of the fifteen most polluted cities globally. The ongoing construction work contributes to a decline in air quality, with AQI reaching up to 300, falling in the “Poor” category. Particulate Matter, especially PM2.5, poses health risks to the city’s residents.

The impacts of pollution are profound, impacting ecosystems, biodiversity, and the well-being of humans. Prolonged exposure to air pollutants is associated with cardiovascular diseases, while contaminated water sources contribute to the spread of waterborne diseases. Soil pollution poses risks to food safety, and noise pollution leads to stress and hearing loss. Additionally, light pollution disrupts wildlife behavior.

Importantly, pollution transcends local boundaries; its consequences are felt globally. Greenhouse gas emissions contribute significantly to global warming, causing adverse effects on climate patterns. The accumulation of plastic waste in oceans not only harms marine life but also infiltrates the food chain, posing threats to human health. Furthermore, pollution-induced stress and habitat destruction contribute to the loss of biodiversity, impacting ecosystems on a global scale.

Stringent environmental regulations need to be implemented and enforced by governments to combat pollution effectively. Offering incentives to industries for adopting cleaner technologies, investing in renewable energy sources, and practicing sustainable waste management is vital. International cooperation is essential to tackle global environmental challenges, with countries collaborating to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, combat plastic pollution, and safeguard biodiversity.

Pollution remains a pressing issue affecting major Indian cities, with severe implications for the environment and public health. The need for immediate and concerted efforts to address pollution is evident, as evidenced by the deteriorating air quality in cities like Delhi, Noida, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, and Varanasi. It is imperative that governments, industries, and individuals collaborate to adopt sustainable practices, enforce regulations, and invest in technologies that mitigate the environmental impact. Only through collective action can we hope to mitigate the menace of pollution and ensure a healthier and sustainable future for our planet.

Pollution is a critical environmental issue that demands urgent attention and concerted efforts at local, national, and global levels. The consequences of pollution are profound, affecting ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health. It is imperative that individuals, communities, industries, and governments work together to adopt sustainable practices, enforce regulations, and invest in technologies that minimize the environmental impact.

The battle against pollution requires a shift in mindset, where environmental sustainability becomes a priority in decision-making processes. By addressing pollution, we not only protect the health of our planet but also ensure a better quality of life for current and future generations. It is a collective responsibility to preserve the beauty and diversity of our natural environment and create a sustainable and harmonious coexistence between human activities and the ecosystems that support life on Earth.

Essay on Pollution FAQs

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment, leading to adverse changes. It can take various forms, including air, water, soil, noise, and light pollution.

Primary sources of pollution include industrial activities, vehicle emissions, improper waste disposal, deforestation, and agricultural practices that involve the use of pesticides and fertilizers.

Pollution has severe consequences on ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health. It can lead to respiratory diseases, waterborne illnesses, soil degradation, habitat loss, and disruptions in wildlife behavior.

Air pollution can cause respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-term exposure to air pollutants is linked to cardiovascular diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Water pollution occurs when chemicals and waste are discharged into water bodies. It poses a threat to aquatic life by contaminating their habitats and disrupting ecosystems. It can also affect human health through the consumption of contaminated water.

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Essay On Pollution | Pollution Essay for Students and Children in English

Essay On Pollution: We find everyone everywhere talking about the pollution of air, water, food, and everything. When we try to study this problem of pollution we find that we ourselves are responsible for causing this pollution. People, in general, do not take care to keep their surroundings clean and this leads to general pollution. And this pollution causes ill-health and gives rise to so many health problems.

Long Essay on Pollution 500+ Words in English

Short essay on pollution 200 words in english, 10 lines on pollution.

• What is a simple definition of Pollution?
• How does pollution affect the environment?
• What is the biggest cause of pollution?
• How does pollution affect us?

Long and Short Essays on Pollution for Kids and Students in English

Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘Pollution’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on the Pollution of 400-500 words. This long essay about Pollution is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Pollution of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.

Below we have given a long essay on Pollution of 500+ words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9, and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.

Recently there has been a drive to convert the buses and the three-wheelers running in Delhi from diesel-driven to CNG. Why was this large scale change found necessary? The reason was that with the rise in the population, the number of buses and three-wheelers also increased. The diesel-driven buses and three-wheelers emit smoke which goes into the atmosphere and the air. This smoke contains very unhealthy gases.

People breathe this air. The result is that their lungs inhale these polluted gases within which causes so many lung diseases even leading to bronchitis, asthma, and tuberculosis. The rise in these diseases led the government to think and this led to this policy of converting these vehicles into CNG. Ever since this has been done the proportion of air pollution has largely decreased.

Then there is water pollution. The water we drink is lifted from the rivers, stored and then sent to us through pipelines. What is happening to these rivers? Those rivers which used to be called our ‘holy’ rivers Ganga and Yamuna receive all the sewage from the city drains and so large a quantity of this sewage is that the river is not able to carry it away. The river water gets all polluted with all the filth that falls into it and it is this water that is pumped to the city’s water tanks. Even the underground water is becoming polluted as the filth and garbage over the earth seeps down when it rains and the underground water also gets polluted.

All the lakes, ponds, and even the wells of today contain polluted water. The large scale industries which are growing in large numbers to meet the demands of the growing population send out effluents that fall in the rivers, lakes, and ponds and make their water unworthy of drinking.

People are cutting down trees. This is because, more population, more need for fuel and timber. Trees emit oxygen by day which purifies the atmosphere loss of trees means loss of oxygen the healthy gas.

Even too much use of fertilizers and pesticides in our farming process is also a cause of atmospheric pollution. As we go around a town we find big heaps of garbage with all the rotting material. All this has been heaped by us we are responsible for it. But this rotting sends up gases which mix in the air and pollute the atmosphere. We get rid of the garbage from our homes but make the whole neighborhood polluted. The civic sense is lacking the civic authorities also are not able to make proper arrangements of garbage disposal.

Below we have given a short essay on Pollution is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.

Even the plastic bags, so much in use these days, are a cause of pollution as these are thrown away and do not get destroyed, but are recycled. The recycled plastic bags are very dangerous for health any eatable kept in them turns unhealthy.

The growth of slums in big towns are a great source of pollution. People live in the most unhealthy surroundings, commit all sorts of nuisances and all this causes atmospheric pollution.

• The problem of pollution is growing every day and is causing a risk to the population of the country.

What is necessary is that not only the administration but people, in general, must understand the gravity of this problem and each one should do his best to keep the atmosphere clean. Plant more trees; dispose of the garbage in the proper way. Keep the rivers clean, do not allow unhealthy ways of life to grow it is each and every man’s job to save the country from pollution.

Students can find more English Essay Writing Topics, Ideas, Easy Tips to Write Essay Writing and many more.

• Everything in our country is getting polluted atmosphere, air, water, food.
• We ourselves are responsible for causing this pollution.
• The effort made in Delhi to convert buses and three-wheelers to CNG is a good beginning and has shown results.
• Water pollution is another major problem. Rivers are turning into sewages and water for drinking is becoming poisoned.
• Garbage heaps carried down under the earth by rainwater is making even the underground water polluted.
• Cutting down trees is cutting down oxygen a purifier of the atmosphere.
• The plastic bags thrown away after use never get destroyed and add to pollution.
• The growth of slums and unhealthy living conditions in them is a great cause of pollution.
• Each and everyone, of us, must tackle this problem, then alone it can be solved. The government alone cannot do it.

FAQs on Essay on Pollution

1.  What is a simple definition of Pollution?

Pollution is something introduced into the environment that is dirty, unclean, or has a harmful effect.

2. How does pollution affect the environment?

The burning of fossil fuels, in both energy plants and vehicles, releases massive amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, causing climate change.  Long-term exposures also can lead to significant climatic changes that can have far-reaching negative impacts on food, water, and ecosystems.

3. What is the biggest cause of pollution?

The combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and other factory combustibles is a major cause of pollution.

4. How does pollution affect us?

Breathing polluted air puts you at a higher risk of asthma and other respiratory diseases. High levels of particle pollution have been associated with higher incidents of heart problems. The burning of fossil fuels and the release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing the Earth to become warmer.

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Plastic Pollution Essay

500+ words essay on plastic pollution.

Plastic has become an integral part of our daily lives. We begin our day using mugs and buckets made of plastic for bathing. Further, as we trace back our activities throughout the day, we use plastic in the form of water bottles, combs, food packaging, milk pouches, straws, disposable cutlery, carry bags, gift wrappers, toys etc. The wide use of plastic has resulted in a large amount of waste generated. Plastic has been so much used that plastic pollution has become one of the environmental problems that the world is facing today. It has impacted the environment, our health and well-being. We have all contributed to this problem, and now it’s our responsibility to work towards it to reduce and ultimately End Plastic Pollution. This essay on plastic pollution will help students to understand the harmful effects of using plastic and how it is affecting our environment. So, students must go through it and then try to write their own essays on this topic. They can also practise CBSE essays on different topics as well.

Plastic Pollution

The accumulation of plastic products in huge amounts in the Earth’s environment is called plastic pollution. It adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat, and humans, which has become a major concern. In 2008, our global plastic consumption worldwide was estimated at 260 million tons. Plastic is versatile, lightweight, flexible, moisture-resistant, strong, and relatively inexpensive, because of which it is excessively used by everyone. It has replaced and displaced many other materials, such as wood, paper, stone, leather, metal, glass and ceramic. Plastics have come to clutter almost every landscape. In the modern world, plastics can be found in components ranging from stationery items to spaceships. Therefore, the over-consumption of plastic goods, discarding, littering, use and throwing culture has resulted in plastic waste generation and thus creating plastic pollution.

Every day, thousands of tons of pollutants are discarded into the air by natural events and human actions. Far more damaging are the substances discharged into the atmosphere by human actions. Most plastics are highly resistant to the natural processes of degradation. As a result, it takes a longer period of time to degrade the plastic. It has resulted in the enormous presence of plastic pollution in the environment and, at the same time, adversely affected human health. It is estimated that plastic waste constitutes approximately 10% of the total municipal waste worldwide and that 80% of all plastic found in the world’s oceans originates from land-based sources.

How to Manage Plastic Pollution?

To save the environment from plastic waste, we should minimise and ultimately end the use of plastic. Each one of us has to learn the following 4 R’s:

• Refuse – Say no to plastic, particularly single-use plastic, as much as possible.
• Reduce – Limit or reduce the use of plastic in daily life.
• Reuse – Reuse plastic products as much as possible before disposing of them.
• Recycle – Plastic products should be recycled into other usable products. This reduces the demand for manufacturing raw plastic required to make various plastic products.

Apart from that, we should educate other people around us. We should create awareness campaigns in public places and help people know about plastic pollution and its harmful effects. We should stop this culture of using and throwing and start reusing things. When everyone takes a pledge to minimise the use of plastic, then we will be able to manage plastic pollution.

Students must have found this Essay on Plastic Pollution helpful for improving their writing section. They can also access more study material related to CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive exams, by visiting the BYJU’S website.

Frequently asked Questions on Plastic pollution Essay

How does plastic pollution affect the environment.

Excessive usage of plastic products has caused the accumulation of this plastic on Earth. Plastic is non-biodegradable and does not naturally degrade or break down thus these plastics are flooded over the Earth.

How to reduce plastic usage?

Replacement of plastic items with jute, cotton and other biodegradable items needs to come into practice more.

What are the simple steps to avoid plastic overuse?

The simple 3 R method can be followed: “Reduce, reuse and recycle”.

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Essay "Environmental Pollution" in 200 words - Class 8 PDF Download

The air we breathe, the water we drink, the security of creatures we drink, the security of creatures we share with, and fertility of land on which we grow our food are all deteriorating resulting in the increase of health hazards and lowering standard of health of the nation as a whole, In this seemingly desperate situation how to let our optimum survive is a burning question of the day.

A study conducted by the World Bank in 1995 revealed that 40,000 Indians die prematurely due to polluted air in cities. Yet another study made by the Environment protection Agency shows that every nearly 40,000 children in India are affected by respiratory diseases caused by the growth of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Air pollutants are continually poisoning our bones and the most susceptible to pollution are children below five years and elderly persons above 50 years. In general, those who have hyper-responsiveness to the presence of pollutants are bit harder than others. Air pollutants increase the risk of lung disease in asthma patients. Women with previous lead exposures may have elevated blood level during period of high bone turnover as observed during pregnancy, location or hyperthyroidism. Their unborn fetuses may be exposed to this danger as also the new born though breast milk. Children have relatively narrower air passages which are more easily obstructed. They need more oxygen whereas they inhale larger volumes of polluted air. Children are three times more at risk & exposure to pollutants floating in the sky than adults. In Delhi every tenth school going kid is suffering from asthma caused by air pollution. Traffic police men, automobile mechanics, drivers, cyclists, rikshaw-walas, road side vendors and hawkers all inhale more pollutants than others due to the nature of their work.

Vehicular discharged is the most important of pollutants which is wrecking the health of urban populace. Human body can tolerate up to 0.25 milligram of lead in blood. But a resident of cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai through vehicles.

Air pollution is not visible to the naked eye nor can it be handled or removed by individual efforts. Polluted water can be purified before drinking, polluted food can be done away with, noise pollution can also be controlled by individual efforts but air pollution can be controlled only by the ruling authority. In Singapore owning and running a car has been made so expensive that fewer people dare possess a car. There are many zones in European countries where vehicles are prohibited from plying; High registration fees and restriction on the movement of vehicles can go a long way in saving us from toxns. Keeping half the existing vehicles off the road for two days in a week, improving the quality of fuel and traffic management may also be helpful.

These are all prohibitive measures, which can be enforced only by the Government. Certain protective measures should also be adopted for effective control of this menace. Tree plantation can go a long way to balance the ratio of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. During photosynthesis plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Hence plantation of trees wherever possible and ban on cutting of green trees will help in maintaining proper balance in atmosphere. Agricultural land must also be kept under one crop or the other. This will not only protect from air pollution but will also put a check to soil erosion which is an important factor responsible for the loss of fertility of soil.

Water pollution can be checked by keeping our rivers, canals and lakes clean. Industrial wasted must also be disposed off in such a way that it does not contribute to pollution of air and water. At no cost it should be allowed to find its way to the rivers. Use of insecticides in agricultural crops, fruit trees, garden and vegetable crops as also in houses should be judiciously planned.

Noise pollution can be easily and effectively controlled by our individual and social efforts. Proper tuning of musical sets, radios, loudspeakers, T.V. sets and vehicle horns etc. should be practiced.

These should be sustained efforts to find alternatives like solar powered vehicles and appliances to reduce our dependence upon oil engines to run vehicles and generator sets. Only when the problem is tackled on war footing can we control this problem of pollution.

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Essay on Pollution | Pollution Essay for Students and Children in English

Essay on Pollution: Environment is the surrounding of an organism. This environment in which an organism lives is made up of various elements like air, water, land etc. These elements are found in fixed proportions to create a harmonious balance in the environment for the organism to live in. Any kind of undesirable and unwanted change in the proportions of these elements can be termed as pollution.

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Long and Short Essays on Pollution for Kids and Students in English

Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘Pollution’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on Pollution of 400-500 words. This long essay about Pollution is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Pollution of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.

Long Essay on Pollution 500 Words in English

Below we have given a long essay on Pollution of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.

With the rise of the industries and the migration of people from villages to towns in search of employment, there has been a regular increase in the problem of proper housing, and unhygienic conditions of living has led to rise in factors which increase pollution.

The mad rat race among countries of the world to compete against each other in the index of development has harmed the health of the people itself. Progress in agriculture and industry is taken as an indicator of development. This resulted in the exploitation of natural resources in a reckless manner. Thus, pollution has been an inevitable gift of industrialisation and urbanisation.

The growth of industries has given rise to the problem of proper disposal of waste material of the industries. Many a times, the waste products of these industries contain poisonous elements which if disposed without being properly treated, pollute the rivers and other water bodies. Thus, we face the problem of water pollution.

The poisonous water and waste product of the factories mingles with the water bodies and poisons them. Resultantly, the aquatic life gets affected. Fish die, disturbing the ecological balance. The water too is rendered useless which can neither be used for drinking or washing. This also results in the reduction of the area of water bodies. Such a situation arises when non-degradable products are dumped on fallow land or on the banks of rivers and sea shores.

Waste materials such as plastics, polythene, bottles etc cause land pollution and render soil infertile. Moreover, dumping of dead bodies of men and animals, washing of clothes and utensils too add to the problem. In recent surveys, Sabarmati river in Gujarat, Yamuna and Ganga rivers have been found to be excessively polluted. Yamuna has been described as an ‘Open Drain’.

Another major problem of pollution is the air that we breathe in being polluted by the smoke pouring out of chimneys and automobiles. No doubt, air pollution takes place even by volcanoes, cyclones, forest fires etc. But human activities are more responsible for causing air pollution. Gases like CO 2 , CO, SO 2 , are emitted which mix with air and cause great harm to the human body, flora and fauna.

The use of dry farm waste, dry grass, leaves and coal used as domestic fuels in our villages also produce harmful gases. Acid rain occurs due to excess of SO 2 in the air. The most tragic incident of air pollution is the Bhopal Gas Tragedy when the dangerous Methyl Isocyanide was emitted from Union Carbide Fertiliser Factory in 1984 which killed thousands of men, women and children, and rendered thousands of others handicapped.

Fire crackers, nuclear explosions, air conditioners, refrigerators, organic solvents, pesticides etc also contribute significantly in polluting air. Air pollution not only causes various kinds of allergies, respiratory problems and other health problems but also affects the vegetation, animal life and the environment. The soot which contains high concentration of hydrocarbons proves very harmful for monuments like the Taj Mahal.

Another very subtle form of pollution is noise pollution. Technology has given us comfort along with a cacophony of harsh and unharmonious sounds. This problem is extremely severe in big towns and cities. The maddening horns, loud speakers, music systems etc cause metabolic, hearing and other kinds of disorders. Noise pollution may also lead to a nervous breakdown or madness. Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board (UPPCB) recently revealed that even silence zones, such as hospitals, schools and residential areas are suffering from high decibels of sound.

Thus, we see that there are various kinds of pollutions which need to be checked in time. Problems like ozone depletion, global warming, greenhouse effect, change in climatic and weather conditions, melting of glaciers etc have arisen due to pollution. Strict and serious measures should be taken to control it. Industrial waste should be properly treated in special treatment plants before letting it flow into the water bodies or dumping it. The pollution department of Farrukhabad issued directives to close all textile dyeing units, polluting the Ganga river.

Use of organic manures should be encouraged instead of chemical fertilisers to prevent soil pollution. Planting of trees should be encouraged and cutting down of green trees should be strictly checked. Unleaded petrol should be used in vehicles. The directions of the Supreme Court to manufacture cars as per Euro I and Euro II norms should be strictly enforced.

Short Essay on Pollution 200 Words in English

Below we have given a short essay on Pollution is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.

Industries should have proper emission systems and should conform to the laws in order to ensure safety of the people living in residential areas around. Strict laws should be legislated and enforced regarding the keeping of our sea shores and river banks clean. For example, Himachal Pradesh was the first state to ban plastic and polythene bags, to save the fragile ecology of Himalayas. But the law exists only on paper.

The horns of automobiles should be checked as per the limits prescribed by law. Loud speakers music system etc should be strictly prohibited after ten at night and vehicles should not be allowed to play their stereos at high volume.

The Government, after launching online green clearance systems for industrial and infrastructure projects, now will monitor treatment of industrial effluents and emissions, in a similar manner, by using online systems. The purpose is to bring transparency and facilitate real-time analysis of waste discharge.

The Government should also try to educate people about various kinds of pollution and create public awareness. People should be involved in helping to reduce and control pollution. Moreover, punishments should be strictly given in case of violation of any environmental law so that such people learn a lesson. Until we all get serious and resolve to make our planet a better place to live in, humanity stands amidst grave danger of perishing and being destroyed due to the severe and increasing problem of pollution. Franklin D Roosevelt, former American President, said the same about pollution:

“A nation that destroys its soils, destroys itself.”

Pollution Essay Word Meanings for Simple Understanding

• Reckless – utterly unconcerned about the consequences of some action, without caution, careless
• Inevitable – unavoidable
• Fallow – plowed and left unseeded for a season or more, uncultivated
• Solvent – a substance that dissolve another to form a solution
• Hydrocarbon – any of a class of compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon, as an alkane, methane, CH 4 , ethylene, C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 or an aromatic compound, benzene, C 6 H 6
• Subtle – insidious in operation
• Decibe – a unit used to express the intensity of a sound wave, equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the ratio of the pressure produced by the sound wave to a reference pressure, usually 0.0002 microbar
• Fragile – delicate
• Perish – to suffer spiritual death

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Pollution Essay in English for Students | Short Essay on Pollution

December 10, 2020 by Sandeep

Essay on Pollution 500 Words in English

Below we have provided an Essay on Pollution in English, written in easy and simple words for class 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 school students. This essay is helpful for the aspirants preparing for the competitive exam too!

Pollution Essay: Pollution is one of the most commonly discussed topics in recent times. It is not only a threat to nature but also to all its creations. Pollution refers to the introduction of hazardous substances to our life-sustaining environment. It has adverse effects on the natural resources of our planet. These foreign particles which contaminate our environment are called pollutants. Pollution drastically affects our ecosystem. The balance in our ecological cycle gets disrupted. Moreover, flora and fauna suffer its consequences.

Animals lose their habitats and humans are prone to life-threatening illnesses. Today we have natural calamities like tsunamis, hurricanes, and floods. The air quality is critical, and on top, we are dealing with global warming. Humans play an active role in this event. Man made activities are major contributors to the ongoing pollution. Thus we need to tackle this problem without any further delay. To do so, we must have in-depth knowledge of this area. Let us get to know what the different types of pollution are and how they are caused.

Types of Pollution

There are four basic kinds of pollution. Let us go through them one by one.

Air Pollution

This is the type of pollution where the air gets contaminated by air pollutants. These toxic substances mainly include vehicular exhausts, smoke, industrial gases, chlorofluorocarbons, plastics, radioactive elements, etc. Volcanic eruptions also add to air pollution—gases like carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, ammonia decrease the oxygen content in the earth’s atmosphere. We need oxygen to breathe, and lack of it can have dangerous effects. Air pollution leads to various respiratory diseases and other severe ailments. Burning of fossil fuels and wildfires in the forests also contribute to air pollution. Numerous wildlife species suffer in this process. They lose their home, and some of them lead towards extinction.

Water Pollution

The addition of toxic products to water degrades its quality and makes it unfit for consumption. This is known as water pollution. Water is one of the most valuable resources of our planet. Our survival depends on it. However, chemical discharges from industries, sewage waste, domestic waste, and oil spills deteriorate the water quality and make it toxic. This hugely affects the biotic and non-biotic ecosystems. Consumption of this polluted water causes cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and many other diseases. Marine animals also become endangered due to its effect.

Soil Pollution

Contamination of soil is referred to as land pollution. Agricultural practices use pesticides, fungicides, and fertilizers which contaminates the land. Moreover, the dumping of industrial waste and e-waste also makes it hazardous. Biomedical waste and the handling of radioactive elements are also potential threats. Deforestation, construction and mining activities also harm the soil. When the agricultural lands get contaminated, harvested crops absorb the toxins which are then consumed by humans. This can cause a lot of health hazards.

Noise Pollution

Loud noises above a certain decibel are harmful to our environment and cause noise pollution. Honking of vehicles, loudspeakers, bursting of crackers, household chores, poor urban planning, and construction machines all are considered bad for our health. They cause stress and anxiety not only in people but also in animals. It can cause communication troubles, sleep disorders like insomnia, hearing loss, etc.

Effects of Pollution

Pollution can affect your entire life in a way you can never imagine. They thrive in our atmosphere, but we cannot see them. Air pollution has been responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer. Another disastrous effect of it is global warming . It causes ailments like heart and lung diseases apart from asthma, allergies, and respiratory problems, etc. Water pollution is more hazardous. Humans are prone to diseases like jaundice, diarrhoea, and giardia. Various aquatic species lose their habitats in oil spills and cease to exist. Soil Pollution is capable of turning a piece of land completely unsuitable for farming.

It also leads to the reduction of the underground water table. Last but not least; noise pollution affects the health of an individual on a psychological level. Excessive sound can turn you deaf and can also make you suffer from chronic heart diseases. Apart from that, it always irritates and can also result in fluctuating blood pressure. These risks can be minimized if proper planning is done, and actions are taken. Therefore, we should take measures to reduce all kinds of pollution.

Measures to curb Pollution

Though it is beneficial to learn what causes pollution and what its effects are, we must take steps to prevent it. Authorities have started implementing steps to curb this problem. Heavy penalties are being imposed on industries that violate the statutory limit of effluent discharge. The government has been encouraging people to switch to alternative forms of energy. We can start using solar panels, hydro-power turbines, wind energy, etc. Rainwater harvesting is also a renewable source for storing rainwater. It is our responsibility to help each other in this implementation process to minimize the consequences.

Air pollution can be significantly reduced by reducing the number of automobiles. We can utilize public transportation mediums for commuting. Also, biofuels like CNG help a lot in curbing emissions. The use of crackers during festivals must be cut down. We should adopt healthy habits like recycling of inorganic materials and compost of plant-based products. Planting more and more trees will ensure we have enough oxygen in our environment. Instead of pesticides, natural manures can be used for the same purpose. Water pollution can be prevented if we increase awareness amongst the masses. Campaigns can be organized for these purposes.

Essay on Pollution

The presence of harmful and poisonous substances in the environment is referred to as pollution. Earlier when we looked around us, we are likely to see greenery everywhere. We can see the pure air blowing, the freshwater flowing in the seas, the green trees blooming, and so on. But today, when we see our surroundings, it looks totally different. Everywhere there is pollution. 

Today, pollution is getting a much bigger topic of concern that everyone including children is well aware of it. Therefore, today we will discuss pollution in detail.

Short and Long Pollution Essay in English

Here, I’m presenting long and short essays on pollution in English for students under words limit of 100 – 150 Words, 200 – 250 words and 500 – 600 words. This topic is useful for students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 in English. These provided pollution essays will help you to write effective essays, paragraphs, and speeches on pollution.

Pollution Essay 10 Lines (100 – 150 Words)

1) Pollution is the release of dangerous substances into the environment.

2) Pollution is hazardous for humans, animals, as well as nature.

3) It can cause a variety of ailments and even death.

4) Air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution are some of their types.

5) People should use public transportation or carpool to reduce air pollution.

6) Proper waste disposal and management would be a great help to fight pollution.

7) Pollution can also be controlled by reducing and recycling plastic waste.

8) Minimizing the use of chemical fertilizer will help in controlling soil pollution.

9) People should be encouraged to plant more and more trees.

10) We need to control pollution to live happily on Earth.

Short Essay on Pollution (250 – 300 Words)

Introduction

When harmful things are put into the environment, it is called pollution. Pollutants are the name for these dangerous and toxic substances. It can have adverse effects on all the living organisms on Earth. Pollution can be caused by natural means or by humans. However, most of the time, it is human that is to be blamed.

Effects and Consequences of Pollution

Pollution has a big impact on the way people live. Pollution can negatively affect the balance of the ecosystem. Global warming, acid rain, disturbed rainfall, unwanted climate change, etc are some of its consequences. As a result of increasing pollution, human beings are at risk for a variety of diseases, including asthma, cholera, cancer, and several others.

Types of Pollution and their Effects

Air pollution, soil pollution, and water pollution are the three major types of pollution. When pollutants get mixed with air making it poisonous, it is termed as air pollution. The disposal of waste and toxic substances into the water makes it dirty and harmful to use. This results in water pollution. Soil pollution refers to the mixture of chemicals in the soil. This results in turning soil barren and infertile.

Solution to Pollution

To cut down on pollution, each of us must do our part. We can control pollution by planting more trees and reducing the use of plastic. Recycling is another important thing to do to stop pollution.

In the past few years, pollution has been getting worse all over the world, and it is our job to save the Earth. Pollution can negatively affect the natural resources that people need to live in a healthy way. Therefore, reducing pollution is important for our healthy survival.

Long Essay on Pollution (500 Words)

Pollution occurs when there are excessive amounts of unwanted, unclean, or harmful substances in the environment. Pollution can have bad effects on the environment and lead to big problems. Volcanoes, earthquakes, industrial waste, insecticides, and so on are some of the natural and man-made sources of pollution.

Types of Pollution

There are three primary types of pollution:

Air pollution: Air pollution can come from both human and natural causes. The main cause of air pollution is the mixing of gases in our environment, which is caused by smoke from factories, cars, fireworks, burning of agricultural wastes, etc. Because of bad air quality, may cause many diseases, including asthma and cancer.

Water pollution: Contamination of water bodies, like oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, aquifers, and groundwater, is called water pollution. These toxic substances can include chemical fertilizer, industrial waste, sewage and wastewater, mining activities, marine dumping, etc. Water pollution kills a lot of people every year through diseases like diarrhea, jaundice, typhoid, etc.

Soil pollution: Soil pollution occurs when there are a lot of harmful chemicals in the soil. Most soil pollution comes from industrial activity, chemicals used in farming, or improper waste disposal. Soil pollution can happen either because of things people do or because of things that happen naturally.

Effects of Pollution

Due to pollution, almost everything gets worse, from the air we breathe to the water we drink. Water and air are the essential components of life, without which no one could stay alive. Pollution in the air, water, and soil is making people sick with different kinds of diseases. It can damage nature, people, and animals. Pollution is also the major cause of bad climate change and low rainfall.

Global warming, acid rain, etc are some of its consequences. Some of the most noticeable results of pollution are the depletion of natural resources and the destruction of habitats.

What can be Done?

There are many steps which can be followed to control the growing pollution. The foremost thing is that we should tell everyone to grow more trees, which will take in the harmful gases and clean the air. We need to start doing the 3Rs, which are Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle if we want to protect our beautiful planet from pollution.

We should be careful not to dump harmful chemicals into rivers because it is the major source to get drinking water. We can also choose to take public transportation or ride in a carpool instead of choosing an individual vehicle. Minimizing the use of loudspeakers, horns, fireworks, etc will also help in controlling pollution.

Not only humans, but pollution is also taking the lives of innocent animals too. Therefore, it is high time that we should join our hands together and start fighting against pollution. When talking about pollution in the whole world, you should always keep in mind that every small step will lead to a bigger change one day.

I hope the above provided essays on pollution will be helpful in understanding the effect, causes, and measures to prevent it.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions on Pollution

Ans. In an effort to address air pollution across the entire country, the Indian government started the National Clean Air Program (NCAP) at the start of 2019.

Ans. As of 2022, India ranks fifth in terms of pollution.

Ans. The CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) is responsible for monitoring pollution in India.

Ans. AQI stands for Air Quality Index. Using an air quality index, governments inform the public about the existing and future levels of air pollution.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution of Air And Water

October 4, 2019 by Sastry CBSE

Topics and Sub Topics in Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution of Air And Water:

Pollution of Air and Water Class 8 Science NCERT Textbook Questions

Question 1. What are the different ways in which water gets contaminated? Answer: Following are the ways by which water gets contaminated:

• People dispose of garbage in the water.
• Many industries discharge their harmful chemicals directly into rivers and streams.
• Chemical fertilisers, pesticides and weedicides used in agricultural practices get dissolve in water and are washed away into water bodies from the fields.
• Untreated sewage is directly discharged into water from household activities.

Read More About the essay on pollution

Question 2. At an individual level, how can you help to reduce air pollution? Answer: I can do the following things to reduce air pollution:

• I will use public transport as far as possible.
• I will generate awareness among people to reduce air pollution.
• I will plant more and more trees because trees help to keep the environment clean and reduce air 1 pollution.
• I will not use vehicles for short distances.

Question 3. Clear, transparent water is always fit for drinking. Comment. Answer: No, this is not true that clean, transparent water is always fit for drinking. It is possible that they may carry disease-causing microorganisms. Thus, it is good to purify water before drinking.

Question 4. You are a member of the municipal body of your town. Make a list of measures that would help your town to ensure the supply of clean water to all its residents. Answer: These are the measures that would help our town to ensure the supply of clean water to all its residents:

• Chlorine tablets should be made available.
• Proper cleaning of the water tank from time to time.
• The water supply pipes should not come in contact with the sewage pipes.

Question 5. Explain the differences between pure air and polluted air. Answer: Pure air contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 0.03% C02. Other gases such as argon, methane, neon, water vapour, etc. are also found in small quantities. When this air is contaminated by unwanted substances which have harmful effect on both living and non-living things like nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide, carbon monoxide, etc., is said to be polluted.

Question 6. Explain circumstances leading to acid rain. How does acid rain affect us? Answer: Nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxides are the pollutants which react with the water vapour present in atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid. These acids come down with the rain, making the rain acidic. This is called acid rain. Following are the affects of acid rain:

• It increases corrosion of metals.
• It damages buildings and sculptural materials.
• It removes the basic nutrients such as calcium from the soil.
• It causes direct damage to plants and crops.
• It causes skin eruptions in human being.

Question 7. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas? (a) Carbon dioxide (b) Sulphur dioxide (c) Methane (d) Nitrogen Answer: (d) Nitrogen

Question 8. Describe the ‘Greenhouse Effect’ in your own words. Answer: Basically, the greenhouse effect means warming of the earth’s environment. When the sun’s ray falls on earth, a part of the radiation that falls on the earth is absorbed by it and a part is reflected back into space. Greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere trap these radiations and do not allow heat to leave. This helps in keeping our planet warm and thus helps in survival. CO2, methane and CO are the gases responsible for this effect.

Question 9. Prepare a brief speech on global warming. You have to deliver the speech in your class. Answer: Good Morning, Respected teacher and my dear friends, As we all know the continuous increase in the temperature of earth is called global warming. Global warming is basically caused by pollution of air, excessive heat which is trapped by the greenhouse gases. Global warming is a threat to life as it causes a lot of health problems. We may have to face dire consequences due to global warming. That’s all friends. Thank you for the attention. Have a good day.

Question 10. Describe the threat to the beauty of the Taj Mahal. Answer: Taj Mahal has become a matter of concern due to pollutants in air that are discolouring its white marble. Acid rains due to increasing air pollution has started corroding the marble. Suspended particulate matter, such as the soot particles emitted by Mathura oil refinery, has contributed towards the yellowing of the marble. Thus making Taj Mahal losing its beauty.

Question 11. Why does the increased level of nutrients in the water affect the survival of aquatic organisms? Answer: Increased level of nutrients in the water affect the survival of aquatic organisms as these act as nutrients for algae to flourish and once these algae die, they serve as food for decomposers like bacteria and a huge amount of oxygen in water body gets used up. This results in decrease in the oxygen level, which may kill aquatic organisms.

Pollution of Air and Water Class 8 Science NCERT Intext Activities Solved

Activity 2 (NCERT Textbook, Page 240) You might have read in the newspapers that respiratory problems amongst children are rising day by day. Conduct a survey of households in your neighbourhood and among friends to find out how many children are suffering from respiratory problems. Solution: Do it yourself.

Activity 3 (NCERT Textbook, Page 241) Prepare a table using the pollutants mentioned above (See NCERT textbook at page 241). You may even add more data to the following Table. Solution:

Activity 4 (NCERT Textbook, Page244) You have various options of commuting to your school such as walking, going by bicycle, travelling by bus or other public transport, using a car individually, travelling by carpool. Discuss in your class the impact of each of these options on the quality of air. Solution:

Activity 5 (NCERT Textbook, Page 245) Try to collect samples of water from a tap, pond, river, well and lake. Pour each into separate glass containers. Compare these for smell, acidity and colour. Complete the following Table. Solution:

Recall Activity 6 (NCERT Textbook, Page 247) You had investigated the sewage disposal system of your locality in Class VII. Do you remember how the sewage was collected from your home and where it went thereafter? Solution: The underground network of small and big pipes called sewers carries the sewage from the point of production to the point of disposal, i.e., treatment plant.

Activity 7 (NCERT Textbook, Page 247) Let us construct a water filter with simple, everyday materials. Take a plastic bottle and cut it into 2 halves at the centre. Use the upper half as a funnel by putting it upside down in the lower half. Make layers in it with paper napkin or a fine cloth followed by, cotton, sand and then gravel. Now pour dirty water through the filter and observe the filtered water. Discuss the following questions amongst yourselves and with your teacher: Why do we need to filter water before drinking? Where do you get your drinking water from? What will happen if we drink polluted water? Solution: Water which is full of dust particles and impurities is unfit for human health thus we need to filter water before drinking it. We get drinking water from government supply water or hand pump. Polluted water have disease-carrying microorganisms and dissolved impurities which can make us seriously ill.

Activity 8 (NCERT Textbook, Page 248) Investigate the level of awareness about water pollution in your area. Col-lect data on the sources of drinking water and the methods of sewage disposal. What are the common water-borne diseases in the community? You can consult your local doctor/health worker for this. Which are the governmental and non-governmental organisations working in this field? What are the measures being taken by them for generating awareness? Solution: Do it yourself.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 – 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1. Write two causes of soil pollution. [MSE (Chandigarh) 2005] Answer: Two causes of soil pollution are excessive use of chemical fertilisers and disposal of waste materials.

Question 2. What is the full form of CFC ? Answer: CFC — Chloro fluoro carbons

Question 3. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas ? [NCERT] (a) Carbon dioxide (b) Sulphur dioxide (c) Methane (d) Nitrogen Answer: (b) Sulphur dioxide and (d) nitrogen.

Question 4. What is meant by air pollution ? Answer: The presence of unwanted substances in the air which have a harmful effect on living and non-living components is known as air pollution.

Question 5. What name is given to unwanted substances present in the air ? Answer: Air pollutants.

Question 6. Name the pollutants which are added from natural sources. Answer: Smoke and dust from forest fires or volcanic eruptions.

Question 7. Name the pollutants added by vehicles. Answer: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and smoke.

Question 8. What are the harmful effects of smog ? Answer: Smog Causes breathing diseases such as asthma, cough and wheezing in children. ‘

Question 9. Which gases are released from petroleum refineries ? Answer: Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.

Question 10. How are CFCs added in the atmosphere ? Answer: CFCs are released from aersol sprays, refrigerators and air conditioners.

Question 11. What harm is caused by the presence of CFCs ? Answer: CFCs destroy the ozone layer which protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.

Question 12. Name one important monument which has been affected by air pollution ? Answer: Taj Mahal located at Agra.

Question 13. Expand SPM. Answer: Suspended Particulate Matter.

Question 14. Name some greenhouse gases. Answer: Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour.

Question 15. What is meant by polluted water. Answer: Whenever substances such as sewage, toxic chemicals, silt, etc., which are harmful to life, get mixed with water, the water is said to be polluted.

Question 16. What is potable water ? Answer: Water which is suitable for drinking is called potable water.

Question 17. How can pollution by industries checked ? Answer: The industrial waste should be treated before discharging into the rivers.

Question 18. What is rain mixed with sulphuric acid called ? Answer: Acid rain.

Question 19. Name two smokeless fuels. Answer: LPG and CNG.

Question 20. Which compound is added to petrol to prevent engines from ‘knocking’ ? Answer: A lead compound is added to petrol to prevent engines from knocking.

Question 21. Name one biodegradable fertiliser. Answer: Compost.

Question 22. What is meant by water table ? Answer: The surface of ground water supply is called the water table.

Question 23. Name three diseases caused by polluted water. Answer: Diarrhoea, dysentry and jaundice.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 – 2 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1. What should be our main strategy to deal with the environmental problems faced by us ? [DAV2008] Answer: To develop technology that uses :

• Renewable sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, etc. and avail maximum benefit from them.
• Less amount of non-renewable sources of energy, so that they last longer.

Question 2. Mention two human activities which affect the quality of the soil on a large scale. [DAV2007] Answer:

• Use of pesticides and fertilisers affect the quality of soil.
• Overgrazing done by animals damages the soil by eating the vegetation.

Question 3. What are the two ways to conserve soil ? [DAV2005] Answer:

• By planting more trees and grass.
• By constructing dams and river embankments.

Question 4. Explain the differences between pure air and polluted air ? [NCERT] Answer: Pure air means air which does not have any undesirable gases and particles in it. It does not’ affect living or non-living things. But polluted air contains harmful pollutants which affect living and non-living things.

Question 5. Clear, transparent water is always fit for drinking. Comment. [NCERT] Answer: This statement is not correct because clear and transparent water may contain harmful bacteria which cannot be seen. They can cause diseases in human beings.

Question 6. Why are many people suffering from respiratory problems these days ? Answer: Many people are suffering from respiratory problems due to air pollution.

Question 7. The number of vehicles are increasing rapidly. How is this causing air pollution ? Answer: The vehicles produce high levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and smoke, which contribute to air pollution.

Question 8. How is carbon monoxide produced the vehicles ? Answer: Carbon monoxide is produced by incomplete combustion of fuels such as petrol and diesel.

Question 9. How is smog produced ? Answer: Oxides of nitrogen combine with other pollutants and fog contributing to the formation of smog.

Question 10. How is sulphur dioxide produced in the atmosphere ? Answer: Sulplur dioxide is produced by combustion of fuels like coal in power plants.

Question 11. How is suspended particulate matter harmful ? Answer: Suspended particulate matter reduces visibility and if inhaled causes respiratory diseases.

Question 12. Give two factors responsible for spoiling of Taj Mahal? Answer: Taj Mahal is being spoilt by acid rain and by suspended particulate matter.

Question 13. Does acid rain affect the soil and plants ? Answer: Yes, acid rain does affect the soil and plants.

Question 14. Give the advantage of greenhouse effect. Answer: Due to greenhouse effect, the temperature on earth is maintained. As a result, life has been possible on the earth.

Question 15. Why has the Gangotri glacier in the Himalayas started melting ? Answer: The Gangotri glacier has started melting due to global warming.

Question 16. “Say no to crackers” campaign was organised by school children. Why ? Answer: This campaign was started by school children to reduce air pollution levels during Diwali.

Question 17. Which is better – burning of dry leaves or putting them in a compost pit ? Answer: Putting the dry leaves in a compost pit is better because burning increases air pollution.

Question 18. What are the different ways in which water becomes polluted by human beings ? Answer: Water becomes polluted by washing clothes, batning, sewage, and toxic chemicals from factories.^

Question 19. How does Ganga river get polluted ? Answer: Ganga river gets polluted by disposal of large quantities of garbage, untreated sewage, dead bodies, etc., directly into the river.

Question 20. Why do we say that Ganga is ‘dead’ at many places ? Answer: We say this because at certain places the pollution level is so high that aquatic life cannot survive.

Question 21. What are electrostatic precipitators ? Answer: Electrostatic precipitators are installed in factories to remove the solid particles such as carbon from waste gases before they are let out into the atmosphere.

Question 22. Name the protocol signed by countries to check global warming. Answer: The Kyoto protocol is an agreement under the United Nations Convention signed by many countries to check global warming.

Question 23. What steps have been taken by Delhi Government to check pollution by vehicles ? Answer: Delhi government decided to convert the vehicles to use Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and unleaded petrol.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 – 3 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1. Mention three causes for erosion of soil. [KVS2007] Answer: Soil erosion is caused by water and wind due to three major factors :

• Deforestation — due to increasing population and increasing industrialisation.
• Overgrazing — by large animal populations has destroyed vegetation and result in barren land.
• Poor Farming Method — ploughing, loosens the soil and destroys its natural resources.

Question 2. What is acid rain ? Why is it harmful to us ? [NCT 2011] Or Explain circumstances leading to acid rain. How does acid rain affect us ? Answer: The industries release pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. These gases react with the water vapour present in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid. These come down with the rain, making the rain acidic. Acid rain is harmful to us because it destroys buildings and damages crops and trees. Examples:

• affects the monuments like Taj Mahal.
• spoils the growth of plants.
• causes irritation of eyes in human beings.

Question 3. Why is greenhouse effect called so ? How does it cause global warming ? [NCT 2010] Answer: It is called so because earth’s atmosphere acts like a green house made of glass in which sunlight enters through transparent glass but the heat released by plants in the form of infrared radiations is not allowed to escape. Carbon dioxide does not allow heat to escape causing global warming.

Question 4. Describe the ‘Green House Effect’ in your own words. [NCERT] Answer: The heat rays of the sun (infra-red) can pass through the carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. After reflection from the earth they are not allowed to leave the atmosphere. The trapped heat rays in the carbon dioxide from a warm blanket around the earth. This effect is known as greenhouse effect.

Question 5. Why does the increased level of nutrients in the water affect the survival of aquatic organisms? [NCERT] Answer: The nitrates and phosphates present in fertilisers are washed into the ponds. They are consumed by the algae. When they die, they are decomposed by bacteria. During this process lot of oxygen is used and other aquatic animals may find it difficult to survive.

Question 6. What steps have been taken by Supreme Court to save the Taj Mahal ? Answer: Supreme Court has ordered the industries to use cleaner fuels like CNG and LPG. Also the automobiles are ordered to .use unleaded petrol in the Taj zone.

Question 7. What is “Marble Cancer” ? Answer: Due to the acid rain the marble of Taj Mahal has become yellow and is degrading. This is known as “Marble Cancer”.

Question 8. What is the Ganga Action Plan ? Answer: Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to save the river Ganga. Its aim is to reduce pollution levels by treating domestic sewage, building electric crematoria and reducing industrial wastage.

Question 9. How is chemical contamination of water caused ? Answer: Many industries discharge harmful chemicals into rivers and streams causing pollution of water. Oil refineries, paper factories, textiles and sugar mills release chemicals like arsenic, lead and fluorides in the rivers.

Question 10. “Fertilisers are good for crop but cause pollution of soil and water”. Comment. Answer: Fertilisers enhance crop yield but these chemicals dissolve in water and get washed into water bodies from the fields. These seep into the ground to pollute ground water.

Question 11. How does ground water get polluted ? How is it harmful ? Answer: Untreated sewage seeps into the ground water. Since it contains bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, it can cause diseases like cholera, typhoid and jaundice.

Question 12. Can hot water be a pollutant ? Explain. Answer: Yes, hot water can be a pollutant. It raises the temperature of the water adversely affecting the animals and plants living in it.

Question 13. How are the suspended particles added in the air ? Answer: Suspended particles are added in the air by :

• Automobiles which bum petrol and diesel.
• Certain factories.
• Power plants.
• Mining of ores.

Question 14. What is meant by water harvesting ? How is it done ? Answer: Water harvesting means conservation of rain water. It is done by allowing rain water, falling on the roofs of buildings to flow into a deep trench in the ground. In this way, the ground water level is increased. The rain water is not allowed to flow into the rivers.

Question 15. Why should cars be fitted with catalytic converters ? Answer: Catalytic converters fitted in the cars prevent pollution of air. It changes the harmful exhaust gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide into harmful carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 – 5 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1. You have to deliver the speech in your class. Prepare a brief speech on global warming. [NCERT] Answer: Global warming is the gradual increase in average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. This is caused due to the increased green house effect. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing due to the following factors

• Deforestation
• Increased human activities
• Industrialisation

Due to this global warming is taking place. It is expected that if it continues at this rate the glaciers will melt and the level of water in the oceans will rise.

Question 2. At an individual level, how can you help reduce air pollution ? [NCERT] Answer: Air pollution can be reduced by taking following steps :

• Use CNG or unleaded fuel for the vehicles.
• Say no to crackers during Diwali.
• Using alternative sources of energy instead of fossil fuels.
• By planting more trees.
• By not burning dried leaves, instead putting them in a compost pit.

Question 3. What are the different ways in which air gets polluted ? Answer: Air pollution is caused by :

• Smoke and dust from forest fires.
• Volcanic eruptions.
• Automobile exhausts.
• Factories and power plants.
• Burning of fire wood and dung cakes.

Question 4. How do industries contribute to air pollution ? Answer:

• Petroleum refineries release gaseous pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
• Power plants release sulphur dioxide due to burning of coal.
• Power plants give out tiny ask particles.
• Industrial processes also release particles in air.

Question 5. List some ways by which water can be made safe for drinking. Answer: Water can be made safe for drinking :

• By filtering it, e.g., a candle type filter is used at home.
• By boiling the water to kill the germs. ,
• By adding chlorine tablets or bleaching powder.
• Ozone gas or iodine can be used.
• Ultraviolet rays are used in some water treatment systems.

Question 6. As an individual, what methods can we use to save water ? Answer: As an individual

• We avoid wastage of water.
• Reuse the water
• Recycle the water.
• Close the taps when water is hot required.
• Repair the taps to prevent leakage.

Question 7. What is Van Mahotsav ? When is it observed ? What is the advantage of this project ? Answer: Van Mahotsav is a programme undertaken for planting of trees every year in the month of July. By planting more trees

• greenhouse effect is reduced
• dust particles in the air are reduced.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 MCQs

Question 1. Water pollution is not caused by (a) burning of fossil fuels (b) bathing in ponds (c) agricultural wastes (d) industrial wastes Answer: (a)

Question 2. Potable water (a) cannot have smell (b) has impurities (c) has harmful chemicals (d) has micro-organisms Answer: (a)

Question 3. High concentration of which gas will not cause air pollution (a) oxygen (b) nitrogen dioxide (c) carbon dioxide (d) carbon monoxide Answer: (a)

Question 4. Potable water is (a) not fit for drinking (b) fit for drinking dH (c) only fit for watering plants (d) only fit for bathing Answer: (b)

Question 5. When domestic sewage/fertilisers is released into the rivers, the growth of algae and bacteria is (a) promoted (b) not affected (c) inhibited (d) none of these Answer: (a)

Question 6. The pollutants in water can be recognised by (a) bad taste (b) offensive odour (c) growth of aquatic weeds (d) all the above Answer: (d)

Question 7. Select the water-borne disease out of the following (a) Cholera (b) Tuberculosis (c) Dengue (d) Malaria Answer: (a)

Question 8. To remove the suspended impurities from water at home the substance used is (a) potash alum (b) chlorine (c) potassium dichromate (d) salt Answer: (a)

Question 9. Ozone layer in the atmosphere depleted by (a) LPG (b) CFC (c) CNG (d) Acid rain Answer: (b)

Question 10. The gas responsible for global warming is (a) Carbon monoxide (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Nitrogen dioxide (d) Sulphur dioxide Answer: (b)

More CBSE Class 8 Study Material

• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Honeydew
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English It So Happened
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit

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• Pollution Due to Urbanisation Essay

Essay on Pollution Due to Urbanisation

Below, you will find an essay on pollution due to urbanisation (long) and also a short essay on pollution due to urbanisation. While urbanisation has its positives, it is imperative to look at every object according to its pros and cons. Here are two essays on pollution due to urbanisation of 400-500 words and 100-200 words, respectively. We will discuss the importance of urbanisation for countries, and how urbanisation is polluting the world.

Long Essay on Pollution Due to Urbanisation

Urbanisation is a great concept which is required to develop any country. It refers to the concept of urbanising remote areas by building infrastructure which then brings about development. Infrastructure refers to all the buildings and institutions which are necessary for economic development to take place in an area. For example, educational institutions like schools, colleges, vocational learning centres are part of the infrastructure. Healthcare facilities such as hospitals and clinics, employment opportunities, food security, etc. are also part of the infrastructure of a country.

It is seen very often that a big corporation sets up shop in a rural area, and around this, infrastructure is built, and development and urbanisation take place. Jamshedpur is an example of such a place, where Tata Industries set up shop many years ago and made the area highly developed. Thus, urbanisation definitely encourages the people of a place to have a better life by giving them more opportunities to achieve good life through education, jobs, etc.

On the other hand, it must be duly noted that urbanisation is one of the leading causes of pollution in today’s world. There are several different kinds of pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution. The facets of urbanisation contribute to each one of these types of pollution in one way or another. Factories and mines contribute to air pollution through the fumes that each of them emits into the air. The damage done to the water and soil around factories because of their flowing septic is harmful to both humans as well as aquatic life. Additionally, the noises that come from mines, the whirring of machinery in factories, etc. contribute to noise pollution.

Additionally, it is not only big industries that contribute to pollution due to urbanisation. Part of urbanisation is also the development of roads, which means more cars, buses, two-wheelers, three-wheelers, trucks, etc. on the road. These all contribute to noise pollution because of the incessant honking, and also to air pollution, because of the fumes that all motor vehicles emit. Even when we are stuck in traffic in an auto, it becomes difficult to breathe because of the fumes which surround us on the roads. If we are finding it difficult to breathe, imagine what so many fumes are doing to our planet.

Short Essay on Pollution Due to Urbanisation

150 Words Paragraph On Pollution Due to Urbanisation

Pollution takes place when air, water or soil becomes contaminated with unwanted substances. Air pollution takes place because of the fumes of factories and motor vehicles on th e road. Soil pollution and water pollution take place due to the septic waste being released into soil or water that surrounds a factory. Even oil spills are a major reason for water pollution, and all kinds of pollution can be very dangerous for living beings. Another type of pollution is noise pollution, which comes from the honking of cars, loud sounds in factories, the passing of aeroplanes and trains, etc.

Urbanisation is a result of the need to achieve economic development. It refers to when a relatively rural or remote area is made more urban by constructing roads, hospitals, schools, offices, etc. In this way, development is a result of urbanisation, which is extremely good for all countries.

However, all the great factors that urbanisation brings in, such as factories to work in, motor vehicles to drive, and so much more, all of these contribute to pollution more and more. Even though urbanisation is very important for a country, it is important to address all the kinds of pollution

Pollution is one of the most pressing concerns confronting our civilization today. When their environment deteriorates on a daily basis, humans face major challenges. The mixing of any toxic element or contaminants in our natural environment is referred to as pollution. Many contaminants are introduced into the natural environment as a result of human activities, contaminating it too dangerous proportions. Pollution is caused by a variety of factors, one of which is urbanisation.

The negative aspect of urbanisation is the manufacturers, which emit a great deal of pollution. Their equipment emits smoke into the environment, pollutes water streams and the surrounding land, and makes a lot of noise. As a result, there is a lot of pollution as a result of urbanisation, and it is extremely destructive to the environment when it first begins.

The majority of the pollution in our environment is due to urbanisation. It's because factories are springing up all over the place, there are a lot more cars on the road now, and so on.

Pollution Due to Urbanisation

Our mother planet is choking, and we are unable to do anything about it. Today, we confront several issues, one of which is pollution. Pollution occurs when a contaminating substance is introduced into our environment and pollutes our natural resources. There are numerous causes of pollution, most of which are caused by humans. Natural resources and habitats have been depleted as a result of our activities.

Urbanisation is one of the primary causes of human pollution. Pollution levels began to rise when humans began to construct cities and industrialization developed. Human needs continue to expand, and we loot our mother planet to meet them. As a result of development, many beautiful valleys, mountains, hilltop stations, and woods have become pollution carriers. Trees have been felled, rivers and lakes have been poisoned, and natural reserves have been exploited.

As a result, we now live in severely polluted cities where daily life has become increasingly challenging. As a result of urban pollution, we are experiencing a variety of health issues, the worst part of which is that we are fully unconscious of it. It is past time for us to take steps to reduce pollution and make the world a better place for future generations.

Urbanisation is a really great step forward for any country, and it is and should be the main aim of all countries. All people around the world should have access to proper healthcare, education, sanitation, nourishment and safety, and urbanisation is how we can help achieve this goal. However, in the process of meeting this goal, we cannot forget that pollution due to urbanisation does take place, and is very dangerous for the planet and, therefore, all species living on earth in the long run.

FAQs on Pollution Due to Urbanisation Essay

1. What are the pros and cons of urbanisation according to the essay on pollution due to urbanisation?

The essay on pollution due to urbanisation says that urbanisation is good and is vital for a country, but can also be harmful for the environment. Urbanisation brings in better education, better healthcare facilities, better roads, and better infrastructure in general. However, it improves the lifestyles of human beings at the cost of hurting the environment by putting more contaminants into air, water and soil in the form of toxic fumes and septic waste. Thus, urbanisation is important, but it has to be brought about in a more sustainable manner.

2. How can we reduce pollution due to urbanisation?

At the individual level, there are some very simple ways to reduce pollution due to urbanisation. To reduce air pollution, we can choose to walk, carpool, or use public transport instead of taking a taxi. Garbage should not be thrown on roads and in water bodies, in order for us to stop soil and water pollution. We should also not honk on roads unnecessarily, to curb noise pollution. Unless the big companies and industries do not decide to take a stand and do what’s good for the environment, we will have to keep relying only on individual measures.

3. What are the different types of pollution and their causes?

Pollution in Cities: Types and Causes

Air Pollution: The air in metropolitan places is constantly polluted with harmful compounds, making breathing increasingly dangerous. The air in cities is suffocating. The air is polluted by smoke from autos, factories, and power plants. There are also other contaminants in the air, such as chemical spills and other harmful substances.

Water Pollution: Natural water supplies are becoming increasingly scarce in metropolitan areas, and those that do exist are becoming progressively contaminated. There is a lot of waste dumping in lakes and rivers, such as residential and industrial waste. A lot of trash is washed into the rivers when it rains.

Soil Pollution: Toxic mixtures in the soil are causing ecosystem disruption.

Noise Pollution: Cities are among the noisiest places on the planet. Noise pollution is caused by a variety of sources, including traffic noises, loudspeakers, and other undesirable noises, which cause a variety of health problems.

Radioactive Pollution:   Nuclear power facilities' unintentional leaks represent a serious concern.

Visual Pollution: Signs, billboards, screens, high-intensity lights, and other forms of overexposure to sights in cities can also be highly unsettling.

There is also ' Thermal pollution ,' which is created by an excess of heat trapped in the earth's atmosphere.

4. How can pollution due to urbanisation be controlled?

One can implement the following methods to reduce pollution caused by urbanisation: 

Conserve Energy: People in urban areas always use more energy than people in rural areas. The use of energy results in numerous types of pollution. One of the most effective strategies to reduce pollution is to conserve energy wherever possible. When you are not using an electrical appliance, turn it off. This tiny step can make a tremendous difference.

Reduce water waste: We waste a lot of water on a daily basis, which might have negative implications. We must make every effort to utilize as little water as possible.

Plant more trees: Urban areas are the ones with the least amount of greenery. It's a good idea to have a kitchen garden and a little lawn near your house.

Green belts: The government can assist by declaring specific sections in each city as green belts, allowing trees and other plants to flourish freely.

Use fewer loudspeakers: Using fewer loudspeakers can significantly minimise noise pollution. It's also a good idea to turn down the music level at functions after a specific amount of time has passed.

Indoors: In cities, home interiors are likewise heavily contaminated. We must also have some plants inside our homes to filter the polluted indoor air.

Industrial trash: Factory owners must make every effort to avoid dumping industrial waste in lakes or rivers. The government can also enact legislation in this regard.

5.  What problems are caused due to Urbanization?

The necessity for open space to develop roads, buildings, and bridges, among other things, resulted in widespread deforestation. To accommodate the ever-increasing population, trees were cut down, fields were cleared, and built new space. It goes without saying that tree cutting is a major source of pollution. The high population density resulted in a scarcity of everything, including space and natural resources such as water and coal.

A number of serious challenges have arisen as a result of the interaction of the urban population with the environment. The spending habits and lifestyles of the urban people had a significant impact on the environment. Consumption of food, energy, and water is all higher in cities. Cities have much more filthy air than rural areas. This is mainly due to the increased use of automobiles and the expansion of industries and factories that pollute the air.  We utilise electricity to power almost all of our equipment.

6. What is urbanisation, and how is it caused?

The population shift from rural to urban regions, the resulting decline in the number of people living in rural areas, and the methods in which societies adjust to this transition are all referred to as urbanisation. It is basically the process by which towns and cities evolve and grow as more people choose to live and work in central locations.

Individual, community and state activity result in either organic or planned urbanisation. Living in a city can be culturally and economically advantageous since it can provide more options for access to the labour market, better education, housing, and safety conditions, as well as lower commute and transit time and costs. A healthy urban environment is characterised by density, proximity, diversity, and marketplace rivalry. However, there are also negative social consequences associated with urban living, such as alienation, stress, higher living costs, and mass marginalisation. Suburbanization, which is occurring in the greatest developing countries' cities, can be seen as an attempt to balance these negative aspects of city living while still giving access to a huge number of shared resources.

7. What is the Impact of Urbanisation in Indian Cities?

The following are the main effects of urbanisation on environmental quality in Indian cities:

According to the entire slum population in India in 1991, 41 per cent of the overall slum population lived in cities with populations of one million or more, which account for 27 percent of the country's total population.

According to the current situation of municipal solid trash creation and collection situation in Indian metropolitan cities, Maharashtra creates the most municipal solid garbage (11,000 tonnes per day), followed by Delhi (8700 tonnes per day) in 2019, both of which are expected to rise in the near future.

In India and other Metropolitan Cities, the number of automobiles on the road is increasing.

In India and other metropolitan cities, the number of automobiles on the road has increased. The usage of vehicles has increased by 10% or more on average, posing a significant threat to air pollution.

Water resources are dwindling day by day as a result of rising population, wasteful usage, and a lack of conservation. Huge amounts of wastewater enter rivers as cities and industries grow, contaminating river streams that are used for drinking and other reasons.

Essay on Pollution for Children and Students in English

Table of Contents

Essay on Pollution: There are many causes of pollution. The most common cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. The burning of these fuels releases harmful substances such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide into the air. These substances can cause damage to the environment and to human health. Another cause of air pollution is the release of harmful substances into the air by factories and power plants. These substances can also cause damage to the environment and to human health.

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Target Exam ---

The most common cause of water pollution is the release of harmful substances into water by factories and power plants. These substances can also cause damage to the environment and to human health. The most common cause of soil pollution is the release of harmful substances into soil by factories and power plants. These substances can also cause damage to the environment and to human health.

In this article, we have provided essays on pollution in both short and long formats.

Short Essay on Pollution in English

We have provided below short and long essays on pollution in English for your knowledge and information. After going through the essays, you will know what pollution is and what are its main causes; how to stop pollution; its prevention etc. These essays will be helpful in your school/college assignments of essay writing, speech giving or paragraph writing, etc.

Essay on Pollution in 100 Words

Pollution refers to the presence of contaminants in the natural environment. Some of the examples of polluting substances are – gases like Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Carbon Monoxide (CO) etc. solid pollutants like plastic, sewage etc., and chemicals like fertilizers as well as those produced as byproduct in factories, transportation etc.

The immediate effect of pollution is that it renders earth’s natural resources unusable, or in other words, harmful to use as well as it also causes species depletion and ecological imbalance.

It is very necessary to take essential precautionary and pro active measures to prevent any further damage that will happen due to pollution to earth and its inhabitants.

Essay on Pollution in 150 Words

Today pollution has become a global concern for the health of the environment as well as the flora and fauna on the planet. Pollution has a widespread effect on the environment, including the natural resources. It makes the natural elements polluted and harmful to use, ultimately making the life on planet suffer.

What is Pollution?

When a polluting substance enters into our natural environment and contaminates it, this process is called pollution. These pollutants are mostly formed due to several human activities, mostly economical in nature. To state few examples – Carbon Monoxide (CO) released by transportation vehicles pollute the air; trail of oil left by big ocean liners, pollute the ocean and makes water harmful for aquatic life.

Essay on Pollution in 200 Words

In a lay man terms pollution occurs when something unwanted enters into your natural environment. The release of toxic gas on burning of plastic is pollution; mixing of harmful chemicals with the soil when it is mixed with chemical fertilizers, is pollution; when the disposed waste from your house, somehow reaches into the open environment, it cause pollution. Similarly there could be several other examples of pollution. As for now, we will discuss below the types of pollution.

Types of Pollution

The five major types of pollution are given below –

1) Air Pollution

Its main source is the burning of fossil fuels by the transportation vehicles and smoke emanated from the factories.

2) Water Pollution

Its main source is the runoff water from urban settlements, agricultural fields and release of byproducts from factories.

3) Soil Pollution

Soil pollution could be caused from several factors like – improper disposal of waste, use of harmful chemicals in agriculture industry etc.

4) Light Pollution

Light Pollution refers to more than required presence of light in a polluted area, which is large enough to interfere with the natural environment.

5) Noise Pollution

Noise pollution refers to the presence of excessive noise generated by human activities like, road transport vehicles, jet planes, a busy market, loudspeaker announcements etc.

Long Essay on Pollution in 600 Words

Today, the very existence of human life on planet earth, along with the life of other flora and fauna is threatened up to a large extent by the pollution. Pollution affects everything essential for survival – natural resources, species, health etc.

What is Pollution

When any external unwanted substance, generated by a human activity enters into the environment, it causes pollution. Causes of pollution are always human induced and the natural cause of pollution is almost negligible.

There are a number of human activities those cause pollution. Tons of toxic waste generated as a byproduct in factories is left into the rivers and streams, polluting them; thousands of cubic meters of harmful gases are released by transportation vehicles, polluting the air; improperly disposed waste from urban settlements, got strewn on land and water, resulting in land as well as water pollution.

Now that we have got an idea on what is pollution, we will move on to discussing some of the significant effects of pollution.

Effects of Pollution on Environment

Pollution has a widespread effect on the environment as discussed below-

1) Polluted Air

Pollution contaminates the natural air, making it harmful to breathe. For example toxic gases released by transportation vehicles mix with the air, resulting in its pollution. When this air is inhaled by a human or animal, it causes severe respiratory ailments. Some species of animals and plants, which are highly sensitive to such kind of pollution, die.

2) Polluted Water Bodies

Improper disposal of waste generated by areas of human settlements cause this waste to reach our naturally occurring water bodies in form of runoff. The urban waste consists of several toxic compounds including plastic. This waste is non biodegradable and stays in water, making it hazardous to consume. It also results in the depletion of aquatic species population which are highly sensitive to pollution.

3) Soil Toxicity

Pollution cause due to agricultural activities like the use of chemical fertilizers, result in toxicity of the soils. Chemical fertilizers are made up of harmful chemical compounds, which got mixed with the soil, ultimately making it toxic. It affects the species of flora as well as fauna those depend on the purity of the soil for their survival.

4) Species Depletion

One of the most prominent effects of pollution on the environment is the depletion of species. When polluting substances get mixed with our natural resources, it harms the living species in some way or the other. Gaseous pollutants, cause severe respiratory ailments and decrease the life expectancy of the fauna and flora as well.

5) Global Warming

Global warming is one of the main effects of pollution which leads to a number of environmental effects. Gaseous pollutants like Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) released due to the burning of fossil fuels, stays in the atmosphere resulting in greenhouse effect. Green house effect, on the other hand is responsible for a number of factors like unexpected, climatic changes resulting in droughts, famine etc., depletion in aquatic

Essay on Pollution in 800 Words

Pollution refers to the presence of unwanted substances; know as pollutants, in the environment. Pollution is an immediate threat to the environment and causes severe damage to it. Lately, the world is recognizing the need to deal with the pollution if the earth and its biodiversity are to be preserved.

Pollution occurs when an unwanted external compound mainly generated due to human activities, enters into the environment. These compounds are referred to as the pollutants and cause severe damage to the environment. Everything that constitutes the part of the environment, that is the water bodies, air, flora and fauna, are in some way or the other get affected by the pollution. Moreover, pollution also causes global effects like Greenhouse gas effects, Global Warming and Acid Rain. Global warming refers to an increase in earth’s average surface temperature and results in conditions like famine, flood and drought. Below we will discuss about the effects of pollution on major Indian cities like Delhi, Noida, Ghaziabad, Lucknow and Varanasi.

It must be known that an AQI between 0 to 50 is considered “Good”; 51 to 100 is considered as “Satisfactory”; 101 to 200 is considered as “Moderate”; 201 to 300 is considered as “Poor”; 301 to 400 is considered as “Very Poor”; 401 to 500 is considered as severe and a value above 500 is considered “Severe-plus or Emergency”.

Pollution Level in Delhi

As per a survey done by the World Health Organization , the National Capital Territory of Delhi stands at the lowest position in terms of air quality index, among 1650 other major cities around the world. In Delhi, children are the worst affected and as per a study, nearly 2.2 million or 50% of all children are suffering irreversible damages due to poor air quality.

Air Quality Index (AQI) of Delhi remains usually moderate (101-200) during January to September months. However, the AQI rapidly deteriorates during the onset of winter months from October to December. Often during these months the AQI reaches to a hazardous level of 500 plus.

The Particulate Matter levels of PM2.5 and PM10 Particulate Matters in Delhi reach up the level of 999 micrograms/m 3 . This is much above the safe limit, which is 60mg/m 3 for PM2.5 particles and 100mg/m 3 for PM10 particles.

Burning of the roots of paddy crop during the winter months in the adjoining states of Punjab and Haryana makes the situation worst in Delhi, by causing dense smoke. This method is traditionally called “Parali” and is one of the prime constituents of Pollution in Delhi.

Pollution Level in Noida

Noida, also known as New Okhla Industrial Development Authority, located in the western Uttar Pradesh, bordering Delhi is immediately behind the national capital in terms of poor air quality. Incessant construction works in and around Noida, in addition to the heavy vehicular pollution and cold winter air causes a dense, thick smog. The term smog is used for a mixture of smoke and fog, suspended in the atmosphere. The Air Quality Index of Noida also gets very poor up to the level of 500 during the winter months of October to December.

The particulate matter level of this western UP district is by and large at par with that of Delhi, often the two competing with each other for the highest concentration of particulate matters.

Pollution Level in Ghaziabad

Ghaziabad often tops the list of north Indian cities with worst Air Quality Index and pollution. Here also, like Delhi and Noida the AQI goes past the hazardous level of plus 400, mostly during the months of October to December.

The main reason behind such a poor Air Quality Index of Ghaziabad is industrial pollution and waste burning. The city is flanked by the industries on the outskirts, which results in a dense smoke emanating from the factories as well as from the transport vehicles plying to the industrial area.

The PM10 level of Ghaziabad reaches up to four times of permissible levels during October to December. Sometimes, this value is reached during the Deepawali festival, due to the incessant bursting of crackers and smoke emanated from them. PM10 Particulate Matter, which has a permissible limit of 100 microgram/m 3 , often is recorded nearing around 500 micrograms/m 3 in Ghaziabad.

The Air Quality Index (AQI) of the capital of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, fluctuates between moderate and poor, often crossing the 250 plus mark. Though, the situation is definitely not as bad as Delhi NCR, nevertheless, it still is alarming and requires concrete action.

The worst Air Quality Index of Lucknow was recorded as 265 in the first half of the November month. The quantity of suspended Particulate Matter has also increased significantly in Lucknow’s residential areas since the last decades.

The air of Lucknow is found to be consisting of very fine Particulate Matters, PM2.5 with concentration just below 870 microgram/m 3 , which is very highly hazardous indeed.

Pollution Level in Varanasi

The ancient pilgrimage city of Varanasi has always been in news for its everyday fluctuating population of tourists. Being the Parliamentary Constituency of Indian Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi since 2014, it has become the centre of development, with everyday construction works of some kind or the other. Though the construction is good for the city’s development point of view, it is also causing some of the worst recorded downfalls in its Air Quality.

AQI of Varanasi in 2019 is ranked at the third position on the World Health Organization’s list of fifteen most polluted cities in the world. The people of Varanasi are facing respiratory ailments and other complications due to the ever continuing construction work.

Recorded Air Quality Index (AQI) of Varanasi reaches up to 300 which falls in the “Poor” category. The Level of Particulate Matter found in Varanasi is PM2.5, the value of which fluctuates within the range of 53microgram/m 3 to 100microgram/m 3 , which is extremely unhealthy for sensitive groups and children.

Essay on Pollution FAQs

What is pollution in short essay.

Pollution is when harmful substances or contaminants get into the environment, causing harm to living things and disrupting the natural balance.

What are 4 types of pollution?

There are four main types of pollution: air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution.

What causes pollution and why?

Pollution is caused by various human activities like burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, deforestation, and improper waste disposal, which release harmful substances into the environment, leading to pollution.

What are the 7 types of pollution?

The seven types of pollution include air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, light pollution, thermal pollution, and radioactive pollution.

What is pollution Essay for class 10?

Pollution is when harmful substances enter the environment, harming living things and disrupting nature. It includes things like dirty air and water. It's important to stop pollution to keep our world clean and healthy.

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