essay on national unity

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🤝Essay on National Unity Day: Samples 150, 200, and 250 Words

• Updated on  
• Oct 28, 2023

Unity of the Nation is a feeling among the people to live together and share a feeling of oneness. India is known for its unity despite cultural and social diversity . Being a country with a population of 1,425,775,850 i.e. the largest population in the world, people here are united with a common feeling of oneness. A special event is celebrated yearly to celebrate unity and spread the message of unity among all i.e. National Unity Day . This blog can help students and children with sample essay on National Unity Day for essay writing competitions, competitive exams , or in-house exams!

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on National Unity Day in 150 Words
• 2 Essay on National Unity Day 200 Words
• 3.1 When is National Unity Day Celebrated?
• 3.2 Previous Year Theme for National Unity Day
• 3.3 Significance of National Unity Day

Also Read: IELTS Essay Topics

Essay on National Unity Day in 150 Words

National Unity Day is an annual event celebrated on 31 October in India. This Day was initiated by the Government of India in 2014 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhhai Patel . He was the first Home Minister as well as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is known as the “Iron Man of India.” Unity is the vibe that people share with each other to stay together despite any differences. 

India , known for its cultural diversity is a country with the largest population in the world. People belonging to various religions live together, celebrate together, fight together, and maintain National integration . All such things support and provide strength to the Nation. 

Thus, to celebrate the togetherness and to support the movement of unity started by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the people of India together with the Government of India celebrate National Unity Day every year. Various activities are also conducted to involve the people of India together in support of the objective of the Day. 

Also Read: Essay on Unity in Diversity

Essay on National Unity Day 200 Words

National Unity Day also known as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas is an important day for India. This day marks the historic event of uniting the princely states into the Indian Union after Independence. India, a place where different cultures, religions, and languages thrive is united through the efforts made by various freedom fighters and reformers who sacrificed their lives serving the country.

One such leader was Sardar Valalbhbhai Patel. His birth anniversary is celebrated as National Unity Day. Hon’ble Prime Minister of India has also inaugurated the statue of Unity which is 182 meters tall in 2018. The Statue of Unity of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is located in Narmada Valley Kevadiya, Narmada, Gujarat, India. 

The Statue of Unity is a tribute to the great Indian leader who served the nation as the first Deputy Prime Minister and the first Home Minister. 

It has taken the lives of many freedom fighters and reformers to overcome the British Policy of Divide and Rule. This day can be celebrated by educating people about the importance of unity, raising voices against injustice, talking about equality, educating people about human rights , etc. Active participation of every individual will help the nation to grow and flourish as unity is considered the strength of any nation. 

Also Read: World Day of Social Justice

Essay on National Unity Day 250 Words

National Unity Day 2023 is a symbol of strength in unity. Unity holds the entire Nation together in a single strand. India is united with the efforts of all because it takes serious work to hold a huge group of diverse people together. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel who is known as the pioneer of Unity started this concept during the fight for Independence . 

National Unity should not not restricted to India it should be a Global concern. This would ultimately help suppress the adverse act of fights between Nations. 

When is National Unity Day Celebrated?

National Unity Day is celebrated on 31 October. It was started in 2014. This day is celebrated to honour Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel the “Iron Man of India”. The government of India sets a theme for this special day. The theme for this year has not yet been declared. 

Previous Year Theme for National Unity Day

The table given below depicts the previous year’s themes of National Unity Day:

Significance of National Unity Day

National Unity Day holds great Significance in holding everyone together and living with peace and harmony. Sardar Vallabhbahi Patel played a major role in uniting the Nation after independence. 

He advocated the need to unite princely states into the Indian Union and his efforts had successfully integrated 565 princely states into the Indian Union.

This major event prevented India from dividing the country into small weak states. Therefore, we celebrate National Unity Day on his birth anniversary.

Also Read: Cultural and Educational Rights

Relevant Blogs

Unity is all about a feeling of togetherness. India celebrates National Unity Day on 31 October every year in honour of Indian independence nationalist and barrister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He was a social reformer and the first Home Minister of India after independence. He was also felicitated with Bharat Ratna for his contribution to the unity of the Nation. 

National Unity Day is celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhhai Patel and to acknowledge his contribution to uniting India. He also played a major role in the political integration of India. 

National Unity Day is celebrated on 31 October every year. This day marks the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on 31 October 1875 and pays tribute to him for his endeavours to unite the Nation.

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• National Unity - Essay | Free Writing

Essay Writing

Letter writing, essay (free writing).

Essay Writing Unit: Essay (Free Writing) Subject: English Grade XI

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• English Grade XI

Free Writing | Essay National Unity

Write an essay on “National Unity” in about 150-200 words. National unity means one nation as a whole formed in a one complete nation. Many people of different castes live in the same nation. They speak different languages. They have different modes of living and different religions. There are Hindus, Buddhists, Muslims, Sikhs etc. though we have unity.

We can give several examples of the power of unity. Power lies in unity, not in diversity. A drop of water is not too strong enough to wash anything away the whole villages. A thin thread is very weak. Even a child can break it but when a number of threads are woven into a thick rope that an elephant can’t break so what made a feeble thread so strong. So unit is strength or power.

Unity brings peace and development. If we have good relationship with others our enemies can’t take advantage. It always drives peace. If there is peace the development works can run smoothly throughout the country. Now a day we have a glance of peace but the development works hasn’t been run as usual. Because of lack of political instability and wrong ideology people are being divided into groups in the name of region, castes and religions. The poverty is being increased day by day.

The government of Nepal has always urged the people to realize the value of national unity. The villagers have to be given the education about national unity. There should be punishment for criminal works otherwise a person can be hanged and died miserably.

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Essay on National Unity

Introduction to National Unity

National unity is the cornerstone of a stable and prosperous society, catalyzing collective progress and resilience in the face of adversity. It embodies the cohesive bond that transcends individual differences, forging a shared sense of identity and purpose among citizens. For instance, in the aftermath of World War II , the United States rallied under the banner of national unity, spearheading efforts for reconstruction and reconciliation. Similarly, nations such as South Africa, amidst the challenges of apartheid, demonstrated the transformative power of unity in overcoming systemic injustices and building a more inclusive society. In this essay, we delve into the intricacies of national unity, exploring its historical significance, contemporary relevance, and the pivotal role it plays in shaping the destiny of nations.

Historical Perspectives

National unity has been a crucial aspect of societal development throughout history. Various civilizations and nations have grappled with the challenges of uniting diverse populations under a common identity. Here are some historical perspectives on national unity:

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• Ancient Civilizations : Many ancient empires, such as the Roman Empire and the Maurya Empire in India, employed strategies to maintain unity among diverse populations through governance, infrastructure development, and cultural assimilation.
• Colonial and Post-Colonial Movements : National unity played a crucial role in anti-colonial struggles, with leaders like Mahatma Gandhi in India and Nelson Mandela in South Africa emphasizing unity among different ethnic and racial groups to achieve independence and build new nations.
• World Wars : Both World Wars highlighted the importance of national unity in times of crisis, leading to increased patriotism and cooperation among citizens to defend their countries.
• Civil Rights Movements : In various countries, including the United States and South Africa, civil rights movements emphasized unity among marginalized groups to fight against discrimination and segregation, leading to significant social and political changes.
• Post-Conflict Reconciliation : Countries like Rwanda, Bosnia, and Herzegovina have focused on national unity as a means of healing and rebuilding societies torn apart by conflict and genocide, emphasizing the importance of forgiveness and understanding across ethnic and cultural lines.

Importance of National Unity in a Diverse Society

• Social Cohesion : National unity fosters a sense of belonging and shared identity among diverse groups within a society, promoting social cohesion and reducing social divisions based on ethnicity, religion, or culture.
• Political Stability : A unified nation is more stable politically, as citizens are more likely to support the government and work together for the common good, reducing the risk of internal conflicts and unrest.
• Economic Development : National unity is essential for economic progress, as it creates a conducive environment for investment, trade, and economic growth. A unified nation can better address economic challenges and inequalities.
• Cultural Enrichment : National unity allows for the preservation and promotion of diverse cultural traditions and heritage, enriching the overall cultural fabric of the society.
• Strength in Diversity : A united nation can leverage its diversity as a strength, benefiting from the varied perspectives, skills, and talents of its citizens to drive innovation, creativity, and progress.
• Resilience Against External Threats : A nation’s capacity to defend itself against external threats is strengthened by national unity because its people are more inclined to come together in times of need to defend their country and way of life.
• Promotion of Peace and Tolerance : National unity promotes peace and tolerance by encouraging understanding, respect, and cooperation among different groups, reducing the risk of conflicts based on ethnic, religious, or cultural differences.
• Fostering a Sense of National Pride : National unity instills a sense of pride in one’s nation and its achievements, encouraging citizens to work together to build a better future for themselves and future generations.

Factors Influencing National Unity

• Cultural Diversity and Integration : Embracing and celebrating cultural diversity while promoting integration and inclusivity can strengthen national unity by fostering a sense of belonging and shared identity among all citizens.
• Socio-Economic Disparities and Equality : Addressing socio-economic disparities and promoting equality can reduce feelings of marginalization and promote a sense of fairness and unity among citizens.
• Political Stability and Inclusivity : A stable political environment, characterized by inclusive governance and political participation, can help build trust among diverse groups and promote national unity.
• Education and Awareness : Education promotes national unity by fostering understanding, tolerance, and respect for different cultures, religions, and beliefs.
• Effective Communication : Open and honest communication between different social groups can help bridge divides and build mutual understanding, contributing to national unity.
• Shared History and Values : Emphasizing shared history, values, and symbols can help create a sense of common identity among citizens, fostering national unity.
• Rule of Law and Justice : Maintaining the rule of law and ensuring everyone is treated fairly can increase public confidence in the government and foster a sense of cohesion and unity.
• Economic Interdependence : Promoting economic interdependence among different regions or groups within a country can create shared interests and incentives for cooperation, strengthening national unity.
• Social Cohesion Programs : Implementing programs that promote social cohesion, such as community-building activities and intergroup dialogues, can help bridge divides and promote unity.
• Media and Information Sharing : The media plays a crucial role in shaping perceptions and promoting understanding among different groups. Responsible and unbiased reporting promotes national unity by fostering a more informed and empathetic society.

Strategies for Promoting National Unity

• Education and Awareness Programs : Implementing educational initiatives that promote understanding, tolerance, and appreciation of cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity can help foster national unity.
• Promoting Interfaith and Interethnic Dialogue : Facilitating dialogue and interaction between different religious and ethnic groups can help build trust, reduce prejudices, and promote unity.
• Inclusive Governance and Policies : Ensuring that governance structures and policies are inclusive and representative of all societal groups can help promote a sense of belonging and unity.
• Celebrating Diversity : Encouraging the country’s rich diversity through events and activities that commemorate residents’ different cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds can contribute to the promotion of togetherness.
• Addressing Socio-Economic Disparities : Implementing policies that address socio-economic inequalities and promote social mobility can help reduce feelings of marginalization and promote unity.
• Civic Engagement and Volunteerism : Citizens can become more united by fostering a feeling of community and shared responsibility through civic involvement and volunteerism.
• Media Responsibility : Promoting responsible and unbiased media reporting that avoids sensationalism and promotes understanding can help build a more informed and empathetic society, contributing to national unity.
• Promotion of National Symbols and Values : Emphasizing national symbols, values, and historical figures representing unity and inclusivity can help create a shared sense of identity among citizens.
• Conflict Resolution Mechanisms : Establishing effective mechanisms for resolving conflicts and grievances can help prevent tensions from escalating and promote unity.
• Promoting Youth Engagement : Engaging young people in initiatives that promote unity and intercultural understanding can help build a more cohesive and inclusive society for the future.

Role of Media

• Responsible Reporting : The media plays a significant role in influencing the way the public perceives things. Responsible reporting that avoids sensationalism and promotes balanced, accurate, and unbiased information can help build trust among different groups within society, fostering national unity.
• Promotion of Positive Narratives : The media can promote positive narratives highlighting the achievements and contributions of diverse groups. This can help counter negative stereotypes and promote a sense of pride and unity among citizens.
• Highlighting Common Values and Goals : The media can help highlight the common values, goals, and aspirations shared by citizens, regardless of their cultural, ethnic, or religious backgrounds. This can help foster a sense of unity and common purpose.
• Facilitating Dialogue and Understanding : The media can serve as a platform for encouraging dialogue and understanding between different groups within society. This can help bridge divides and promote a more cohesive and inclusive society.
• Promotion of Cultural Exchange and Understanding : The media can promote cultural exchange and understanding by showcasing different social groups’ cultural traditions, practices, and values. This can promote appreciation and respect for diversity, contributing to national unity.
• Addressing Misinformation and Polarization : The media can address misinformation and polarization by providing fact-based reporting and promoting critical thinking among citizens. This can help reduce tensions and promote unity.
• Promotion of Peaceful Coexistence : The media can promote messages of peace, tolerance, and coexistence, highlighting the importance of respecting and embracing diversity. This can help create a more harmonious and united society.
• Celebrating Diversity : The media can celebrate the diversity of cultures, languages, and traditions within society, promoting a sense of pride and appreciation for the nation’s rich cultural heritage.
• Promoting Social Cohesion : The media can promote social cohesion by highlighting stories of cooperation, collaboration, and mutual support among different groups within society. This can help foster a sense of community and unity.
• Advocating for Inclusivity and Equality : The media can advocate for inclusivity and equality by highlighting social justice issues and promoting policies that ensure equal rights and opportunities for all citizens.

Case Studies

• Singapore : Many cite Singapore as a successful example of national unity in a multicultural society. The government has implemented policies that promote racial and religious harmony, such as the Ethnic Integration Policy, which ensures a balanced mix of different ethnic groups in public housing estates. The government also emphasizes the importance of a common national identity through education and national service, fostering a sense of unity among citizens.
• Rwanda : After the genocide in 1994, Rwanda embarked on a path of national reconciliation and unity. The government implemented policies to promote inclusivity and forgiveness, such as the gacaca courts, encouraging perpetrators to confess and seek forgiveness from their victims. The government also promoted national identity over ethnic divisions, leading to a strong sense of unity among Rwandans.
• Germany : Following the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990, the German government implemented policies to promote integration and unity between the two regions. This included investments in infrastructure and development projects in the former East Germany and efforts to promote understanding and reconciliation between the two regions. As a result, Germany has successfully integrated the former East Germany into a unified and cohesive nation.
• South Africa : Following the end of apartheid, South Africa pursued several initiatives to foster national unity and reconciliation. In addition to addressing the horrors of apartheid, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission sought to foster forgiveness and reconciliation. The government also implemented policies to encourage equality and inclusivity, such as affirmative action and land reform, to address the legacy of apartheid and promote unity among all South Africans.
• Canada : Canada is known for its multiculturalism policy, which promotes the idea that diversity is a strength. The government has implemented policies to support multiculturalism, such as funding for multicultural festivals and programs, and policies to promote bilingualism, such as the Official Languages Act. Despite their diverse backgrounds, These policies have helped create a sense of unity among Canadians.
• Sensationalism and Bias : Media outlets sometimes prioritize sensationalism over accuracy, leading to biased reporting that can exacerbate societal divisions rather than promoting unity.
• Polarization and Partisanship : Media platforms can contribute to polarization by catering to specific political or ideological viewpoints, reinforcing echo chambers, and hindering constructive dialogue.
• Misinformation and Disinformation : Fostering national unity can be difficult when incorrect or misleading information propagates through the media, undermining public confidence in institutions and escalating social divisions.
• Manipulation and Propaganda : In some cases, media outlets may be used to manipulate propaganda by political or other vested interests, further eroding trust and unity.
• Lack of Diversity in Media Ownership : Concentration of media ownership in the hands of a few entities can limit the diversity of viewpoints and perspectives, hindering efforts to promote inclusivity and unity.
• Language and Cultural Barriers : Language and cultural barriers can make it difficult for the media to successfully connect and engage with all parts of the people in multicultural countries, which can impede efforts to promote national unity.
• Economic Pressures : Economic pressures, such as declining advertising revenues and competition from digital platforms, can impact the quality and diversity of media content, affecting its ability to promote unity.
• Technological Challenges : Rapid technological advancements, such as deepfake videos and AI-generated content, pose new challenges for media authenticity and trust, impacting efforts to foster unity.
• Lack of Media Literacy : Limited media literacy among the population can make people more susceptible to misinformation and manipulation, hindering efforts to promote unity through responsible media consumption.
• External Influences : Foreign actors or interests may seek to exploit media channels to sow discord and division within a society, posing a challenge to efforts to promote national unity.

Government Policies

• Media Regulation : Governments can regulate the media to ensure adherence to ethical standards, accuracy, and fairness. However, excessive regulation can stifle press freedom and diversity of viewpoints, which are essential for promoting national unity.
• Public Broadcasting : Governments can support public broadcasting as a means to provide balanced and informative content that promotes national unity. However, there is a risk of government influence compromising the independence of public broadcasters.
• Media Literacy Programs : Governments can implement media literacy programs to educate citizens about identifying misinformation and understanding different perspectives. This can promote a more informed and discerning public, contributing to national unity.
• Diversity and Inclusivity Policies : Governments can encourage media outlets to reflect the diversity of society in their content and workforce. This can help promote inclusivity and unity by ensuring all voices are represented and heard.
• Support for Independent Media : Governments can support independent media outlets to ensure a diverse range of viewpoints are available to the public. This can counteract polarization and promote unity through informed dialogue.
• Transparency and Accountability : Governments can promote transparency and accountability in media ownership and funding to ensure that vested interests do not unduly influence media outlets. This can help maintain public trust in the media and promote unity.
• Conflict Resolution Mechanisms : Governments can establish mechanisms for resolving disputes related to media content, such as through ombudsman offices or regulatory bodies. This can help prevent media-related conflicts from escalating and promote unity.
• International Cooperation : Governments can work together with other nations to address issues related to cross-border media, like misinformation campaigns. This can help promote a unified response to media-related threats to national unity.
• Digital Media Policies : Governments can develop policies to regulate digital media platforms and address misinformation and hate speech challenges. This can help promote a safer online environment conducive to national unity.
• Freedom of Expression : Governments can uphold freedom of expression as a fundamental right while ensuring people exercise it responsibly. This can promote open dialogue and debate, contributing to national unity.

National unity is a cornerstone of a strong and prosperous society. It encompasses embracing diversity, promoting inclusivity, and fostering citizens’ shared sense of identity and purpose. Countries can overcome challenges through education, responsible governance, and social cohesion initiatives and build a more harmonious and united nation. Examples from Singapore, Rwanda, Germany, South Africa, and Canada demonstrate that even the most diverse and divided societies can achieve national unity with the right policies and efforts. Through unity, nations can address common challenges, celebrate their differences, and strive toward a brighter and more inclusive future for all.

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The Presidential Years

• 1 Setting the agenda
• 2 The Presidency - Getting into Union Buildings
• 3 Forming the Government of National Unity

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3.1 The path to a Government of National Unity

Although it took hard negotiation and intense debate for the ANC to accept the idea of a Government of National Unity , something like it was envisaged early on. In his Treason Trial testimony in 1960 Mandela acknowledged a phased transition to democracy as something that could be contemplated. The possibility was there in broad and vague outline in the document Mandela sent to President PW Botha in March 1989. 107 That document drew on insight into the government’s thinking gained from the secret meetings with a government working group 108 ; on discussions with his fellow prisoners from Pollsmoor; and consultations with the ANC leadership in exile. 109

The most crucial task, Mandela wrote, ‘was reconciling the demand for majority rule in a unitary state with the concern of white South Africa over this demand, as well as the insistence of whites on structural guarantees that majority rule will not mean domination of the white minority by blacks.’ Reconciling these matters through negotiation was needed to break a ‘deadlock’, a situation in which neither side had the means to prevail by force of arms (see Chapter 1).

While the ANC saw the possibility of ‘structural guarantees’ in a general and undefined way, the apartheid government, believing that it had enough power to prevent – or at least delay – majority rule, produced varying proposals for constitutional structures which would give minority groups, in particular whites, power beyond the numbers their political organisations could command.

All manner of proposals issued from the National Party government negotiators, the Democratic Party and parties located in some of the bantustans . From the mid-1970s, as resistance grew, a proliferation of constitutional models come from inside the country and outside, from defenders of apartheid and opponents who nonetheless were not ready for democracy. They included varieties of consociationalism – in which executive power is shared proportionally among segments of society defined along ethnic, religious, or linguistic lines, with a veto in the hand of minorities to protect their minority interests – and federations of regions or communities with a high degree of autonomy and even differing systems of government in different parts of the country. What the schemes had in common was that they were incompatible with majoritarian democracy.

Two central issues will have to be addressed

108 Niel Barnard, Secret revolution (Cape Town: Tafelberg), pp.206-8.

109 NM, Long Walk to Freedom, p.535

The situation, though, was not static; nor were the expectations of the majority of South Africans and the international community. The Harare Declaration , 110 adopted by the United Nations in December 1989, was explicit in its definition of the final outcome of negotiations as an unqualified franchise that conferred equal rights on all South Africans. The constitutional manoeuvres were rendered stillborn by the work the ANC had done to mobilise for consensus across the mass democratic movement on the fundamental aims of negotiations and to achieve acceptance of these broad principles across the globe.

Further, the main protagonists in the negotiations process, the ANC and the National Party government, were wary of international mediation. Each believed strongly that South Africans should resolve their own problems; and find solutions that would – as far as possible – take into account the interests, aspirations and apprehensions of their constituencies. This, in part, reflected a deep patriotism shared among South Africans, including the White community (especially among Afrikaners, as Mandela often commented).

In the four years after Mandela’s release and the unbanning of the liberation movement, the level of organisation and mobilisation among the black majority, the implications for all South Africans of a scorched earth, the negotiating acumen of the ANC and its allies, and the united voice of much of humanity – all these combined to whittle away proposals from the government side for ‘structural guarantees’ in the form of group rights, power-sharing, special majorities, minority vetoes, rotating presidency and the like. In the end, when the ‘roadblocks’ had been removed, the compromise Mandela had foreseen took the form of a Government of National Unity, as a transitional mechanism towards democratic majority rule

People shall have the right to participate in the government and administration of the country on the basis of a universal suffrage

A sensitive and provocative roadblock, and a persistent one which continued to plague us even during the period of the Government of National Unity, was mainly a historic and psychological one reflecting itself in endemic contempt which the white community, especially Afrikaners, had for blacks.

For almost three and a half centuries, a conservative and arrogant white minority had tried to apply the doctrine of Nazi Germany and preached the unscientific theory that blacks were inferior to whites, in fact, that blacks were sub-human.

One of the main architects of this theory was Dr Hendrik Verwoerd , a former South African Prime Minister, who held that blacks should not be allowed to venture into pastures where they were not allowed to graze. They should never be permitted to rise above the status of hewers of wood and drawers of water.

The apartheid regime, even during the period of negotiations between the ANC and the apartheid regime, still believed that they could save white supremacy with black consent. Although the apartheid negotiators tried to be subtle, it was clear right from the start of the talks that the overriding idea was to prevent us from governing the country, even if we won in a democratic election.

I was still a prisoner in Victor Verster when I first met President De Klerk , leader of the National Party, on 13 December 1989.

Shortly before that meeting I had read an article written by the editor of Die Burger, then the official mouthpiece of the National Party, under the pen name of Dawie, in which he sharply criticised the concept of Group Rights which was being peddled by that Party as the best solution for the country's problems.

This meant that each population group after the first democratic elections would retain permanently the rights and privileges it had enjoyed before such elections, no matter which political party had won.

The essence of this fiction, although not openly said, was that there should be no change whatsoever in the economic and political system of the country. White minority would continue to monopolise all the important rights of citizenship.

The revolutionary changes demanded by the liberation movement, and for which martyrs across the centuries had paid the highest price, would be stifled. The new government would be unable to provide shelter for the people and quality education for their children. Poverty, unemployment, hunger, illiteracy and disease would be rampant. Die Burger criticised this pseudo policy as introducing apartheid through the backdoor.

I pointed out to President De Klerk that if their own mouthpiece condemned this idea, he could well imagine what we thought of it.

We would reject it out of hand. It was at this point that the President impressed me. He conceded that if our movement would not even consider the idea, he would scrap it. I immediately sent a message to the ANC leadership in Zambia in which I described the President as a man of integrity with whom we could do business.

I repeated this statement on countless occasions, here and abroad, after my release from prison.

From the ruins of Group Rights there emerged another gimmick, that of power sharing. Broadly speaking this meant that if, for example, the ANC won seventy five percent of the votes in a general election, and the National Party obtained only twenty five percent, the ANC would not be able to take any major decision without the consent of the National Party. Our delegation, under the leadership of Comrade Cyril Ramaphosa , uncompromisingly rejected this fiction.

Later President De Kierk and I exchanged views on the matter at the residence of Dr Bill Venter, then Chief of the industrial giant, Altron.

Again I urged the President to drop the idea, pointing out that we wanted nothing less than a true democratic government as understood by the civilised world. I warned him that, trying to sell us another version of racial discrimination was unacceptable and, worst of all I said, that would irreparably damage his credibility. I added that our delegation at the Kempton Park negotiation centre, and other delegates were engaged in advanced discussions on the Government of National Unity, which was a far superior principle than either of his two proposals. We finally agreed that this would be one of the best instruments for uniting our people. The Government of National Unity would include all the parties that won five percent or more of the votes in an election.

In her book Anatomy of a Miracle, Patti Waldmeir accurately sums up De Klerk's real aim. She poses the question as to ‘Why the Boers gave it all away.’

She observes that: ‘South Africa's last white president did not set out to hand over power, he set out to preserve it – as much as possible. He never intended to give it all away. But in the end, he did so, and happily.’ 111

Mandela did not take part in the detailed negotiations, but he kept abreast of their evolution, and he forced the pace and direction in line with the ANC’s positions. He paid attention to ensuring the process was inclusive. 112 He received constant reports through interactions with the negotiations team and in ANC National Working Committee discussions. He was always on hand to help resolve difficulties and deadlocks.

Madiba’s point was ‘No, let everybody come, if they want to sit they can put another chair there for them.’

Madiba didn’t attend the meetings of the Negotiations Commission except may be on the odd occasion, but we always had to report to him on every step and everything, constantly report to him. So he was on top of everything, every formulation. In that sense he was an integral part of the negotiating team. He was the most militant member of the negotiating team, by far, on almost every issue, the most militant. We would sometimes sit with each other and say, ‘This is quite an acceptable compromise, we can give into the regime on this one because it’s not really a matter of principle’. And then we would work out between all of us, how are we now to convey this to Madiba, this recommendation, before we go to the NEC. Because we knew he was going to accuse us of being soft, of being moderate. He would often say, ‘Well if you don’t know how to tell these people where to get off, I will come to the meeting tomorrow. I’ll tell them this is unacceptable, if you are unable to tell into their faces that this is unacceptable, I’ll come and do it.’ Afterwards when I thought about it, I thought that what he was doing was what he saw was his responsibility: he knows that if you are involved daily in negotiations, the negotiators on each side try to chip away, chip away, chip away; and his job was to hold the line and to push you to the limit to get the best possible deal. In that sense I think he kept on strengthening the resolve of his own negotiators by being so militant. 113 Valli Moosa

113 Valli Moosa, interview by Tony Trew, Cape Town, 8 September 2014.

Mandela’s focus in this engagement with negotiations was not simply majority rule, but ‘democracy which was modern in the sense that it would be nonracial, nonsexist, secular and embodying all of the modern concepts and human rights’. 114 He also wanted inclusive negotiations.

here were certain things which he was very focused on. One of them was majority rule

The negotiations process was done in the most inclusive way, he wanted us to build a front, which we did, to win over even those who were in the bantustans and all that. He was quite insistent on seeing us do that. So that process he led with good effect. He was able to give us leadership as the negotiating team which was effective and in a way allow us, obviously within the decisions of the NEC, to go ahead and negotiate a number of provisions of the settlement and remain firm on key issues like majoritarian rule. 115 Cyril Ramaphosa

115 Cyril Ramaphosa, interview by Tony Trew, Johannesburg, 6 October 2014.

But at the same time as seeking consensus, Mandela was also preoccupied with what was needed to achieve the ANC’s objectives: ‘Much as he was your consensus builder and your Mr Reconciliation, he had this deeply ingrained feeling of wanting to outflank the enemy all the time’ 116

116 Cyril Ramaphosa, interview by Tony Trew, Johannesburg, 6 October 2014.

At the unbanned ANC’s first elective conference in 1991, Mandela focus spelt out the need to think beyond the content and process of negotiations – effective organisation and mass mobilisation were imperative.

The winning of the objective of a Constituent Assembly will not be achieved solely through the negotiation process. It will require the generation of mass support for this demand. We reject the regime`s contention that mass mobilisation stands in the way of the negotiating process. In the absence of voting rights, the only power we can exercise is the power and the strength of our organised people. 117

Negotiating power therefore required strong organisation, and strong international links.

He was deeply concerned about the status of the organisation, the branches, the regions as we had them then and felt that the organisation was not nearly as strong as he thought it should be. That is why he crossed the length and breadth of the country to mobilise support. Much as he felt that we needed to prosecute our struggle through negotiations, he knew that we would only be able to do so effectively if our base was strong and therefore strengthening the organisation was important. But there was also the international aspect: he knew that we needed to be present on the international scene and that’s why once he was released he went throughout the whole world to meet people. And of course part of it was fundraising, in typical Madiba style, he wanted resources for the organisation, which was hugely successful. 118 Cyril Ramaphosa

By the final stages of negotiations, late in 1992 and early 1993, this approach had made an impact. The balance of power that had almost equally matched the two side in 1990 had, measured by the strategic outcome of the negotiations process, shifted inexorably in favour of the ANC.

Yet special transitional mechanisms had to be developed, to address the apprehensions of the National Party and its constituency, and to ease them into democratic majority rule. Included in the Record of Understanding of September 1992, agreed between the ANC and National Party, was an interim government of national unity. 119

there shall be an interim/transitional government of national unity.

The ANC recorded its assessment of the new situation in the document Negotiations: A Strategic Perspective, adopted in November 1992. 120

The government, the assessment said, still had command over far-reaching resources, in the state and other military forces, and the support of powerful economic forces. The violence directed against the democratic movement was working to the advantage of the National Party. But the government had failed to gain political support from the majority or even to build alliances with bantustan leaders. Its own constituency was increasingly divided as the right wing made inroads, including within the security forces. It was unable to reverse the deterioration of the economy or make inroads into unemployment and crime.

The ANC, though still unable, in the short term at least, to defeat the government militarily, was now a legal organisation with majority support that was still growing. It had shown its capacity to mobilise its numbers in mass action and to activate support from most of the international community.

Weighing these factors, the ANC concluded that, rather than resume the armed struggle or engage in protracted negotiations which might see the government bolster its position and would in any case impose harsh costs on the country and the people, the best way forward was a swift negotiation process – combined with continuing mass action and mobilisation of international pressure.

What was still to be negotiated included a Government of National Unity after the adoption of a new constitution, beyond the period of the interim government of national unity already agreed in the Record of Understanding. Fierce debate continued in the ANC for some time, even after the Strategic Perspectives document had been adopted by the NEC. For those, like Mandela, who advocated a Government of National Unity, the rationale depended on the need to ward off a counter-revolution that could reverse the gains made; as well as the urgency of dealing with the deteriorating social and economic situation. He stressed the latter in notes he wrote for his input to the debate at the National Executive Council in February 1993:

The balance of forces is not completely static. In this phase of negotiations

The opposite argument is based on the fact that a majority party in the forthcoming election cannot alone effectively address the enormous problems facing the country – the declining economy, the unacceptably high level of unemployment and crime the violence, which is likely to assume even more disturbing dimensions once a democratic government is installed. Political stability, they say, can only be successfully solved through a government of national unity, only political stability rising out of such a government can attract investments. It would be more profitable for comrades when examining the opposing arguments to make concrete proposals as to how the socio-economic issues can be solved by a single party government

The Strategic Perspective document is now a policy document of the ANC and I do not think we should, without prior notice, try to re-open the matter. A leadership that takes policy decisions today and seeks to change them radically the next day cannot inspire confidence in their followers or the public 121

At the end of the meeting he paid tribute to the vigour of the discussion in which reservations were raised, but emphasised the imperative of unified acceptance by all of the collective decision,’ and suggested that some of the popular concerns cited by speakers reflected their own failure to engage with the grassroots on the issue.

5. The reason for some of the concerns expressed here is due partly to failure to recall decisions taken by the organisation on negotiations in general and on the Strategic Perspectives document.…

6. At bottom is a failure by members of the NEC to go to their areas where they have been deployed.

What explanations have been made to grassroots?

Where and when, by whom were queries made, in what organised manner were these complaints made?

7. Lack of understanding of principle of collective leadership.

8. Confidence in our negotiating team

9. Must give clear lead … 122

Apart from the proposal for a Government of National Unity, of a kind that did not allow parties that lost the election to paralyse government, the strategic perspectives document argued that there was a need to forestall potential threats to the new democracy that could come from the security forces and the civil service. These institutions had the capacity not only to destabilise democracy, but also to delay or subvert transition – if the transition to democracy had only negative implications for the individuals who belonged to them, that could feed the forces seeking to destabilise the country. So there was a need to deal with the future of members of these institutions – job security, retrenchment packages and a general amnesty – as part of a negotiated settlement. 123

A democratic government will need to restructure the civil service and the security forces

All this found formal expression in the interim constitution . Besides recording the constitutional principles that would inform the final constitution to be negotiated in the Constitutional Assembly, it set out the framework for a five-year Government of National Unity in which any party gaining over five per cent in the election would be represented.

The structure of the Cabinet was defined by the Interim Constitution:

• the president would be an elected by a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament; • each party with at least 80 out of the 400 National Assembly seats would be entitled to an executive deputy president from its MPs; • the Cabinet would have not more than 27 members appointed by the president in consultation with the executive deputy presidents and the leaders of parties participating in the GNU; • any party with at least five per cent of the total vote would be entitled to representation in the GNU in proportion to its vote in the election.

The April 1994 election results dictated the composition of the first Cabinet. They meant that the president would be ANC; that there would be two deputy presidents, one ANC and one NP; and that there would be 18 ANC ministers, six NP ministers and three IFP ministers

• 3.2 Consultations and discussions about the Cabinet

Nationalism: Unity and Divisions Essay

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Introduction

Culture and identity in nationalism, nationalism and ethnic identification, ethnonationalism in the cultural community, the theory of primordialism and self -determination.

Nationalism is a complex concept that has been studied and debated extensively in anthropology, sociology, and political science. Nationalism is a core concept in anthropology that encompasses the desire for a collective identity and the belief in the value of one’s social, political, and cultural group. It has been described as expressing people’s sense of belonging to a nation or state and as an ideology that seeks to bind individuals into a unified nationality. In anthropological fields, it is considered a powerful force in the construction of collective identities and can be seen as a way of consolidating cultural, social, and political power within the nation-state. It has been linked to various forms of violence, oppression, and exclusion, yet it also serves to unite people in times of adversity. Additionally, nationalism has been utilized by indigenous peoples to construct identities of resistance, reclaiming and reviving traditional practices and cultures. In countries such as India, nationalism has been characterized by intolerance of differences and a belief that those who live in the region share a common culture, identity, and historical past (Girvin 2022). It is thus often used to promote feelings of patriotism, collective pride, and belonging among citizens of a particular region. In some cases, this belief can be a powerful engine for increasing civic participation and fostering a sense of belonging among members of a national community. However, when nationalism is framed as ethnonationalism, it can be a divisive force that erects boundaries between them and us, creating exclusivity and intolerance. This paper will support this statement with two arguments. The first part will argue that nationalism is important in fostering a sense of belonging and patriotism by focusing on the theory of social identity and ethnic identification. The second part of the paper will argue that although nationalism is an important approach in fostering unity and participation, it can be a divisive factor using the concepts of the cultural community, primordialism, and self-determination. The paper will use multiple case studies to affirm these arguments

One anthropological theory that supports nationalism as a powerful engine for increasing civic participation and belonging is the theory of social identity. This theory suggests that individuals are part of the self-concept and have a natural desire to belong to a group and that this desire can be fulfilled through national identity (Sanchez-Mazas and Licata 2015). When individuals identify as part of a nation, they become part of a larger community with shared values and goals, and this can increase their sense of belonging and engagement in civic activities. One recent case study demonstrating the anthropological theory of social identity is the controversy surrounding Confederate monuments in the United States.

Proponents of removing Confederate monuments argue that these statues honor individuals and ideologies that were rooted in slavery and white supremacy and that they continue to serve as symbols of racism and oppression. They further state that these statues are constant reminders of a dark chapter in American history and that their continued presence in public spaces sends a message that this history is not to be condemned (Walsh, 2020). Opponents of removing Confederate monuments argue that they are a part of American history and culture and that removing them is an attempt to erase this history. They argue that a great nation does not hide its history, and these statues represent Southern heritage and pride and serve as a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought in the Civil War (Nelson, 2017). They also argue that removing the statues is a form of censorship and an attack on free speech and expression. Moreover, many proponents contend that taking down statues does not solve racism; rather, it creates more division.

From an anthropological perspective, the controversy surrounding Confederate monuments is a clear example of social identity. Both sides of the debate are heavily invested in their own identities, and their arguments reflect this. Those who support the removal of Confederate monuments see themselves as fighting against racism and oppression, while those who oppose it see themselves as defenders of Southern heritage and culture. Furthermore, the debate over Confederate monuments reveals symbols’ role in shaping social identity. The statues themselves are symbols of a particular identity – that of the Confederacy and its values – and their continued presence serves as a constant reminder of this identity. For those who see the statues as symbols of racism and oppression, their continued presence reinforces their identity as victims of this oppression. Additionally, those who see the statues as symbols of Southern heritage and pride present that their removal attacks their identity.

Nationalism can be viewed as a powerful unifying force, with its core values of patriotism and loyalty to one’s nation providing an important source of social cohesion and shared identity. This is especially true in the digital world where media has been at the forefront in ensuring citizens’ a sense of togetherness and belonging (Mihelj and Jiménez‐Martínez 2020). In this regard, anthropology has long been interested in understanding how nationalism affects civic participation and belonging. Multiple anthropological concepts explain this phenomenon, and one is ethnic identification. This theory holds that individuals are more likely to become involved in activities related to the nation when they identify strongly with an ethnic group. One case study that illustrates the anthropological theory of ethnic identification is the controversy surrounding the Washington Redskins football team. In 2013, a group of Native American activists launched a campaign to pressure the team to change its name, arguing that it is a racist and offensive term that perpetuates stereotypes and undermines the dignity of Native American culture.

The Washington Redskins name has been controversial for decades, with critics arguing that it is a slur that perpetuates negative stereotypes of Native Americans and reinforces the marginalization and oppression of indigenous peoples. The team’s owner, Dan Snyder, has consistently defended the name, arguing that it is a “badge of honor” and a tribute to the team’s history and traditions (Shapira 2020). The debate over the organization’s name has sparked a heated national conversation about the meaning of ethnicity and identity and the extent to which public institutions and organizations should be held accountable for promoting cultural sensitivity and respect. Proponents of the name change argue that the term “Redskins” is a racial slur that should be eliminated from public discourse, while opponents argue that it is a harmless term representing a proud and noble heritage. The anthropological theory of ethnic identification posits that ethnicity is a social construct and that individuals and groups derive their sense of identity from shared cultural traits, such as language, religion, and customs. The opponents base their argument on ethnic absolutism, which suggests “nations as culturally homogeneous ‘communities of sentiment’ in which a sense of patriotic belonging can and should grow to become an important source of moral and political ideas” (Gilroy 1987, 59-60). This means that the team’s name is a unifying factor that represents the team’s values.

On the other hand, the proponents present that ethnicity is not a fixed or essential characteristic but rather a dynamic and fluid concept shaped by historical, political, and economic forces. This can be supported by Anderson’s concept of imagined communities that affirm that the dreams of racism originate from the ideologies of class which in this case is the team rather than a nation (Gilroy 1987). However, the team’s name has become a symbol of identity and belonging for many fans, who see it as a way to connect with the team’s history and traditions, thus abolishing their ethnic identification. For Native American activists, however, the name reminds them of the violence and oppression their ancestors endured at the hands of European colonizers.

The controversy over the Washington Redskins name highlights the different perspectives and experiences that individuals and groups have regarding ethnic identification. For some, the name is a source of pride and identity; for others, it is a painful reminder of the legacy of discrimination and violence, especially for native Americans (Bowman 2022). The debate over the name has also raised questions about the role of public institutions and organizations in promoting cultural sensitivity and respect. Many argue that the team has a responsibility to consider the impact of its name on Native American communities and to take steps to avoid perpetuating stereotypes and offensive imagery. However, others argue that the name is an important part of the team’s history and traditions and that efforts to change it attack their identity and construction.

The idea of ethnic nationalism, as proposed by Benedict Anderson in his book Imagined Communities, provides an interesting insight into how a nation can be understood as a cultural community. In particular, Anderson’s notion of nations as imagined communities speaks to the fact that nations are often constructed around shared values and commonalities such as language, religion, or culture (Eriksen 2010). However, Anderson further emphasizes that although countries may tend to imagine themselves, they are modern (Eriksen 2010)). This paper will explore this concept further by discussing one recent case study – the rise of ethnic Nationalism in Russia – highlighting how ethnonationalism can influence a nation’s politics, identity, and social dynamics. Russia provides an interesting example for analyzing the effects of ethnic nationalism because it has experienced both resurgences and declines in levels of nationalistic sentiment throughout its history. A strong sense of Russianness has been present for centuries, but this identity was strengthened greatly following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, which marked a new era for Russia as an independent state. Since then, there have been resurgences in both ethnic and civic nationalism that have had significant implications on various aspects of life within the country.

The resurgence of ethnonationalism in Russia is largely driven by Vladimir Putin’s government beginning in 2000. In particular, Putin sought to strengthen national unity and pride through a policy known as ‘Russification’ which aimed to promote cultural homogeneity throughout the nation by privileging Russian language and culture over those of other ethnicities or minorities such as Ukrainians, Tatars, and Jews. According to Benussi (2020, p. 92), “Putin’s national restoration belief brought considerable concerns about russification with the erosion of Tatar autonomy and uncertainty of Institutional Tatar-medium culture.” It can be argued that this policy reflects an underlying sentiment that ethnic Russians are superior to other groups within the nation and should be prioritized in terms of cultural representation, political power, and social status. Therefore, this aspect has led to a significant rise in xenophobia, prejudice, discrimination towards minority populations, and resentment by non-ethnic Russians who feel their culture and identity have been sidelined or overlooked.

Though it can be argued that the policies enacted by Putin’s government have had tangible effects on various aspects of Russian society, it is important to note that many elements of the country’s ethnic nationalism predate his presidency. For instance, there has long been a sense among many ethnic Russians that they constitute the backbone of Russia – particularly during times of crisis or turmoil – and have therefore been entrusted with preserving the nation’s culture, traditions, and values. Further, this notion has been presented as one of the major causes of inequalities in education and quality of life for other groups residing in the region (Gladkova et al., 2020). This notion has been perpetuated by state-sponsored media outlets as well as literature, art, and other forms of cultural expression emphasizing a strong sense of Russian identity. For example, in the painting “Defenders of the Fatherland” by Viktor Vasnetsov, ethnic Russian soldiers are depicted as heroic and brave, standing tall and proud against their enemies. Similarly, in Russia, ethnic Russians often refer to themselves as ” Russky,” which means “Russian” in English. This language reinforces the idea that ethnic Russians are the core of Russian society and culture.

Primordialism is an anthropological theory suggesting that national identity and loyalty are innate and inherited rather than being constructed or learned. According to this theory, individuals are born with a deep attachment to their national group, rooted in their genetic makeup, cultural traditions, and shared history. This implies that individuals have a natural and innate loyalty to their national group and that this loyalty cannot be changed or altered. The anthropological theory of national self-determination is based on the idea that people have a right to consider themselves different and distinct from others and thus have the freedom to dictate the state and form of government of their choice (Connor 1973). This theory is closely linked to nationalism, which is the belief in the inherent value of a particular national identity and the need to protect and promote it. Anthropologists argue that nations have a unique collective identity shaped by their history, culture, language, and social institutions. This collective identity is seen as a source of pride and dignity, and it is considered to be a fundamental human right. One recent case study that exemplifies the anthropological theory of primordialism and national self-determination at the center of ethnonationalism is the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been ongoing for decades, with both sides claiming national self-determination and sovereignty over their territories. At its core, the conflict is centered on the territorial dispute between the two sides, with Israel and Palestine claiming control over the same land. Israel has been accused of occupying the Palestinian territories, including the West Bank and Gaza Strip (Shafer 2018). They state that they have a deep connection to the land of Israel, which they consider their ancestral homeland. This attachment is rooted in their religious beliefs and traditions, which hold that God gave the land of Israel to the Jewish people. This has led to widespread resentment among the Palestinian population, who have been subject to restrictions on their movement and other human rights abuses such as limited access to land (Shakir 2021). In recent years, the conflict has also taken on a religious dimension, with both sides using religious rhetoric to justify their actions and claims to the land. Israel, as a predominantly Jewish state, sees itself as fulfilling a divine promise of the land of Israel to the Jewish people. This belief is rooted in the Bible and has been used to justify establishing and expanding Israeli settlements in Palestinian territories. For Palestinians, the conflict is a struggle for self-determination and the right to live in their ancestral homeland. Many Palestinians see themselves as the guardians of the land of Palestine and view Israeli actions as a violation of their religious and cultural rights. In addition, both sides have used religious rhetoric and symbols in their political discourse and propaganda, often invoking their respective holy texts and religious figures to support their positions and demonize the other side. This has contributed to the religious and cultural divisions between the two sides and fueled the ongoing conflict.

In this case, Israel and Palestine have claimed a primordial connection to the land using religion as a justification, leading to a zero-sum conflict over territory and national self-determination. The anthropological theory of primordialism suggests that national identity and self-determination are based on deep-seated, primordial ties to the land and culture rather than being constructed or negotiated through political processes. According to Coakley (2018), it emphasizes countries’ deep historical and cultural roots and assumes their quasi-objective behavior. However, one of the counterarguments to this approach is that national identity and self-determination are not fixed or inherent but rather are constructed and negotiated through political processes. One of the theories that support this argument is social constructivism. According to this perspective, how people understand and experience the world is not determined by objective facts or universal laws but rather by the social and cultural frameworks created and negotiated through interactions with others. This theory thus emphasizes the dynamic and fluid nature of national identity, arguing that it is not fixed or predetermined but rather is constructed and negotiated through ongoing social and political processes experienced in the case between Israel and Palestine. This perspective challenges the notion of national identity as something fixed or inherent and highlights how national identity is shaped and influenced by various social and political factors.

In conclusion, nationalism is a complex concept nationalism is a complex concept that can both foster unity and civic participation but can also lead to divisions and exclusion if not carefully managed. It is considered a powerful force in the construction of collective identities and can be seen as a way of consolidating cultural, social, and political power within the nation-state. However, it can also be a divisive force when framed as ethnonationalism, creating boundaries between “us” and “them” and fostering exclusivity and intolerance. This paper has supported this statement with two arguments: nationalism is important in fostering a sense of belonging and patriotism through the theory of social identity and ethnic identification, but it can also be a divisive factor through the concepts of the cultural community, primordialism, and self-determination. Multiple case studies have been used to support these arguments.

Benussi, Matteo. 2018. “ Ethnic Muslims and the ‘Halal Movement’ in Tatarstan .” Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 27 (1): 88–93. Web.

Bowman, Emma. 2022. “For Many Native Americans, the Washington Commanders’ New Name Offers Some Closure.” NPR. NPR. Web.

Coakley, John. 2017. “ ‘Primordialism’ in Nationalism Studies: Theory or Ideology? ” Nations and Nationalism 24 (2): 327–47. Web.

Connor, Walker. 1973. “The Politics of Ethnonationalism.” Journal of International Affairs 27 (1): 1–21. Web.

Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. 2010. “Nationalism.” Essay. In Ethnicity and Nationalism . London: Pluto Press.

Gilroy, Paul. 1987. There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation . London: Routledge.

Girvin, Brian. 2022. “From Civic Pluralism to Ethnoreligious Majoritarianism.” State and Majority Nationalism in Plurinational States , 27–45. Web.

Gladkova, Anna, Elena Vartanova, and Massimo Ragnedda. 2020. “ Digital Divide and Digital Capital in Multiethnic Russian Society .” Journal of Multicultural Discourses 15 (2): 126–47. Web.

Mihelj, Sabina, and César Jiménez‐Martínez. 2020. “ Digital Nationalism: Understanding the Role of Digital Media in the Rise of ‘New’ Nationalism .” Nations and Nationalism 27 (2): 331–46. Web.

Nelson, Sophia. 2017. “ Opinion: Don’t Take down Confederate Monuments. Here’s Why .” NBCNews.com. NBCUniversal News Group. 2017. Web.

Raviv, Omri Shafer. 2018. “ Studying an Occupied Society: Social Research, Modernization Theory and the Early Israeli Occupation, 1967–8 .” Journal of Contemporary History 55 (1): 161–81. Web.

Sanchez-Mazas, Margarita, and Laurent Licata. n.d. “ Social Identity Theory .” Social Identity Theory – an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Web.

Shakir, Omar. 2022. “ A Threshold Crossed .” Human Rights Watch. Web.

Shapira, Ian. 2020. “ A Brief History of the Word ‘Redskin’ and How It Became a Source of Controversy .” The Washington Post. WP Company. Web.

Walsh, Colleen. 2020. “ Historian Puts the Push to Remove Confederate Statues in Context .” Harvard Gazette. Harvard Gazette. Web.

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Essay Curve

Essay on National Unity – Short Essay & Long Essay upto 1500 Words

Essay on National Unity: National unity is crucial for the progress and stability of any country. In this essay, we will explore the importance of national unity and how it can be achieved in a diverse society. We will discuss the role of government, education, and social cohesion in fostering a sense of unity among citizens. By understanding the significance of national unity, we can work towards building a stronger and more cohesive nation for the benefit of all its people.

Table of Contents

National Unity Essay Writing Tips

1. Start by introducing the concept of national unity and its importance in fostering a sense of belonging and solidarity among the citizens of a country.

2. Define national unity as the coming together of people from different backgrounds, cultures, and beliefs to work towards a common goal of building a strong and prosperous nation.

3. Discuss the benefits of national unity, such as promoting peace, stability, and economic growth, as well as fostering a sense of national identity and pride.

4. Highlight the role of national unity in overcoming challenges and conflicts, both internal and external, by promoting cooperation and understanding among diverse groups within a society.

5. Provide examples of countries that have successfully achieved national unity, such as Singapore, where people from different ethnic and religious backgrounds live harmoniously together.

6. Discuss the factors that can contribute to national unity, such as promoting inclusivity, tolerance, and respect for diversity, as well as fostering a sense of shared history and values.

7. Address the challenges to national unity, such as discrimination, inequality, and political polarization, and suggest ways to overcome these obstacles through dialogue, education, and social integration.

8. Emphasize the role of leadership in promoting national unity, by setting a positive example, promoting inclusivity, and addressing the concerns of all citizens.

9. Conclude by stressing the importance of national unity in building a strong and cohesive society, and encourage readers to work towards fostering unity and solidarity in their own communities.

10. Provide recommendations for promoting national unity, such as celebrating diversity, promoting social cohesion, and investing in education and social programs that bring people together.

Essay on National Unity in 10 Lines – Examples

1. National unity refers to the solidarity and cohesion of a country’s citizens, regardless of their differences. 2. It is essential for a country to thrive and progress, as it promotes peace, stability, and harmony among its people. 3. National unity is built on shared values, beliefs, and a sense of belonging to a common identity. 4. It helps to overcome divisions and conflicts within a society, fostering a sense of togetherness and cooperation. 5. A united nation is better equipped to face challenges and adversities, as its citizens work together towards common goals. 6. National unity is strengthened through inclusive policies that promote equality, diversity, and respect for all individuals. 7. It is important for leaders to promote national unity through their actions, speeches, and policies. 8. Education plays a crucial role in fostering national unity, as it helps to instill a sense of national pride and identity in the younger generation. 9. Celebrating national holidays, symbols, and traditions can also help to reinforce a sense of unity among citizens. 10. Ultimately, national unity is a collective effort that requires the participation and commitment of all members of society.

Sample Essay on National Unity in 100-180 Words

National unity is the foundation of a strong and prosperous nation. It is the coming together of people from different backgrounds, cultures, and beliefs to work towards a common goal. When a nation is united, it can overcome any challenges and achieve great success.

National unity promotes peace, harmony, and stability within a country. It fosters a sense of belonging and pride among its citizens, regardless of their differences. It also strengthens the bond between the government and the people, leading to better governance and development.

In times of crisis, national unity is crucial for the survival of a nation. It enables people to set aside their differences and come together to face challenges as one. It is only through unity that a nation can progress and thrive.

Therefore, it is essential for every citizen to contribute towards national unity by respecting each other’s differences, promoting inclusivity, and working together towards a common future.

Short Essay on National Unity in 200-500 Words

National unity is a concept that refers to the solidarity and cohesion of a nation, where individuals from diverse backgrounds come together to work towards a common goal. It is essential for the stability and progress of a country, as it fosters a sense of belonging and pride among its citizens. National unity is not just about the absence of conflict or division, but also about the active promotion of harmony and cooperation among different groups.

One of the key factors that contribute to national unity is a shared sense of identity and belonging. When individuals feel connected to their country and its people, they are more likely to work together towards common goals and overcome challenges. This sense of unity can be fostered through the promotion of national symbols, traditions, and values that are inclusive and representative of the entire population. For example, celebrating national holidays, such as Independence Day or Republic Day, can help to instill a sense of pride and unity among citizens.

Another important aspect of national unity is the recognition and acceptance of diversity. A diverse population brings with it a variety of perspectives, experiences, and talents that can enrich the fabric of a nation. Embracing diversity and promoting inclusivity can help to bridge divides and build stronger connections among different groups. This can be achieved through policies that promote equality and social justice, as well as initiatives that celebrate the cultural heritage and contributions of all communities.

Education also plays a crucial role in promoting national unity. By providing all citizens with access to quality education, countries can empower individuals to become informed and engaged members of society. Education can help to break down stereotypes, promote understanding, and foster empathy among different groups. It can also instill values of tolerance, respect, and cooperation that are essential for building a cohesive and harmonious nation.

In addition to these factors, effective leadership is essential for promoting national unity. Leaders have the responsibility to inspire and unite citizens, regardless of their background or beliefs. They must lead by example, demonstrating a commitment to inclusivity, fairness, and transparency. By promoting dialogue, collaboration, and compromise, leaders can help to build trust and confidence among citizens, and create a sense of common purpose and direction.

In conclusion, national unity is a fundamental aspect of a strong and prosperous nation. It requires the active participation and cooperation of all citizens, as well as the promotion of shared values, diversity, education, and effective leadership. By working together towards a common vision, countries can overcome challenges, build resilience, and create a more inclusive and cohesive society. National unity is not just a goal to strive for, but a foundation on which to build a better future for all.

Essay on National Unity in 1000-1500 Words

National unity is a crucial aspect of any country’s development and progress. It is the foundation upon which a nation can build a strong and prosperous future. National unity refers to the sense of togetherness and solidarity among the citizens of a country, regardless of their differences in terms of race, religion, ethnicity, or social status. It is the glue that holds a nation together and enables it to overcome challenges and achieve its goals.

In a diverse country like India, national unity is of utmost importance. With a population of over 1.3 billion people belonging to different religions, languages, and cultures, maintaining national unity is a challenging task. However, despite these differences, India has managed to remain united as a nation for over seven decades since gaining independence in 1947. This is largely due to the efforts of the country’s leaders and the resilience of its people in the face of various challenges.

One of the key factors that contribute to national unity in India is the country’s democratic system of governance. India is the world’s largest democracy, with a constitution that guarantees equal rights and opportunities to all its citizens. The democratic system allows people from diverse backgrounds to participate in the decision-making process and have a say in the country’s governance. This inclusiveness helps in fostering a sense of belonging and ownership among the citizens, thereby promoting national unity.

Another factor that promotes national unity in India is the country’s rich cultural heritage. India is known for its diversity in terms of languages, religions, and traditions. Despite these differences, there is a strong sense of cultural unity among the people, which is reflected in the country’s festivals, music, dance, and art forms. This cultural unity acts as a unifying force that binds the people together and fosters a sense of pride in their shared heritage.

Religious tolerance is another important aspect of national unity in India. The country is home to people belonging to different religions, including Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Despite occasional instances of religious tensions, India has largely remained a secular country where people of all faiths coexist peacefully. This religious tolerance is enshrined in the country’s constitution, which guarantees freedom of religion to all its citizens. This inclusiveness and respect for diversity help in promoting national unity and harmony among the people.

Education also plays a crucial role in fostering national unity in India. Education is a powerful tool for promoting understanding, tolerance, and respect for diversity among the citizens. By providing quality education to all its citizens, India can empower its people with the knowledge and skills needed to contribute to the country’s development and progress. Education also helps in breaking down barriers and prejudices that may exist among different communities, thereby promoting national unity.

Economic development is another important factor that contributes to national unity in India. A strong and inclusive economy can provide opportunities for all its citizens to prosper and lead a better life. By promoting economic growth and development, India can create a more equitable society where everyone has access to basic necessities such as food, shelter, healthcare, and education. This can help in reducing disparities and promoting social cohesion among the people, thereby fostering national unity.

However, despite these factors that promote national unity, India also faces several challenges that threaten to undermine its unity and cohesion. One of the major challenges is the rise of divisive forces based on religion, caste, and regionalism. These forces seek to exploit the differences among the people for their own political gains, thereby creating divisions and tensions in society. Such divisive forces pose a serious threat to national unity and must be countered through dialogue, understanding, and mutual respect among the citizens.

Another challenge to national unity in India is the presence of extremist groups and ideologies that seek to spread hatred and violence in the name of religion or ideology. These groups pose a threat to the country’s peace and stability and must be dealt with firmly by the government and the society at large. By promoting tolerance, understanding, and respect for diversity, India can counter the influence of extremist ideologies and promote national unity among its citizens.

In conclusion, national unity is essential for the progress and development of any country. In a diverse country like India, national unity is particularly important to ensure peace, stability, and prosperity for all its citizens. By promoting inclusiveness, respect for diversity, and understanding among the people, India can strengthen its national unity and overcome the challenges that threaten to divide the country. It is the responsibility of every citizen to uphold the values of unity, tolerance, and respect for diversity in order to build a strong and united India for future generations.

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Essay on National Unity Day

Students are often asked to write an essay on National Unity Day in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on National Unity Day

Introduction.

National Unity Day, also known as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, is celebrated every year on October 31st in India. It commemorates the birthday of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, a key figure in uniting the country.

Significance

The day emphasizes the importance of unity in diversity. It reminds us that despite our different cultures, languages, and religions, we are one nation.

On this day, people participate in pledge-taking ceremonies, run for unity, and other events that promote unity and integrity.

National Unity Day is a significant day that fosters unity and harmony, reminding us of our shared values and common destiny.

250 Words Essay on National Unity Day

The significance of national unity day.

National Unity Day serves as a reminder of Patel’s tireless efforts to unite India. His vision of an integrated nation is a beacon of inspiration for generations. The day encourages citizens to maintain unity and integrity, essential elements for a nation’s progress and prosperity. It’s a day that emphasizes the strength of unity in diversity, a core principle of the Indian Constitution.

Role of Youth in Promoting National Unity

The youth, as the future of the nation, play a pivotal role in promoting national unity. They are the torchbearers of the values of tolerance, mutual respect, and unity. It is their responsibility to uphold these values and pass them on to the forthcoming generations. National Unity Day serves as an opportunity for them to reaffirm their commitment to these ideals.

In conclusion, National Unity Day is more than just a commemoration; it’s a call to action. It’s a day to reflect on our shared history, celebrate our diversity, and commit ourselves to uphold the unity of our nation. As we celebrate this day, let’s remember that our strength lies in our unity and it’s our collective responsibility to safeguard it.

500 Words Essay on National Unity Day

National Unity Day, also known as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, is a significant event celebrated annually on October 31st in India. The day commemorates the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, a visionary leader who played a pivotal role in unifying India post-independence. The primary objective of National Unity Day is to promote unity, integrity, and security of the nation, fostering a sense of nationalism among the citizens.

Historical Significance

The Indian government inaugurated National Unity Day on October 31, 2014, as a tribute to Sardar Patel’s relentless efforts in uniting India. Known as the ‘Iron Man of India’, Patel’s political acumen and firm determination led to the integration of over 500 princely states into the Indian Union. His vision of a united India has been a guiding force for the country, and this day is a reminder of his invaluable contributions.

Importance of National Unity Day

Observance of national unity day.

On this day, various activities and events are organized across the country to promote unity. The ‘Run for Unity’ is one such event where people from different walks of life participate to express their solidarity. Educational institutions organize debates, quizzes, and essay competitions emphasizing the importance of unity. The government also bestows the ‘Unity in Diversity’ awards on this day to individuals or institutions contributing significantly towards promoting unity and integrity in the country.

Unity in Contemporary India

In the current scenario, unity is more critical than ever. With the rise of divisive forces and increasing communal tension, the spirit of unity needs to be reinforced. The celebration of National Unity Day is not just a tribute to Sardar Patel but also a call to the citizens to stand united against all odds. It encourages us to put the nation’s interest above personal or group interests, fostering a sense of national unity.

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Short and Long Essay on National Unity for Children and Students

Introduction

In such countries where people from different religions and practices live together, national unity is the only thing common among them. It is their love for their nation.

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National Unity

National Unity is a feeling among the people of a nation that binds them together to share a feeling of oneness. It has been an important factor for a nation since ancient times.

Importance of National Unity

National Unity holds the greatest importance for a nation. Only those nations are strong where national unity is found in the deep of its roots. The national unity unites the people of that nation and enables them to fight against the enemies. The feeling of national unity depends only on how much we love our country.

It was the power of national unity when India fought with the outsiders and got freedom from their 200 years long slavery. To spread national unity, it is very important to respect our national symbols and national anthems well.

National Unity is a very important thing for the people of a nation. If a single person among billions of a nation doesn’t maintain national unity, the nation can never be strong.

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44. Write an essay on “National Unity” in about 150-200 words.

National unity makes a country strong and prosperous. It makes it has policies and aims for which the people work together.  Many people of different castes live in the same nation. They speak different languages and follow different religions though they have unity.

We can give several examples of the power of unity. Power lies in unity, not in diversity. A drop of water is not strong enough to wash anything away. A thin thread is very weak. Even a child can break it but when a number of threads are woven into a thick rope that an elephant can’t break, so what made a feeble thread so strong, that's the unity which is strength or power.

There is no denying that internal integrity is the most important element for the survival of any nation and for all times. The nation can only survive, when they have stability, peace and prosperity, and these three things is like air, water and food for the creatures.

Unity brings peace and development. If we have good relationship with others our enemies can’t take advantage. It always drives peace. If there is peace the development works can run smoothly throughout the country. Nowadays, we have a glance of peace but the development is too slow due to lack of political instability and wrong ideology. People are being divided into groups in the name of region, castes and religions. The poverty is being increased day by day.

The government of Nepal has always urged the people to realize the value of national unity. The villagers have to be given the education about national unity. The government and the people should work together for greater, national unity.

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Understanding Governments of National Unity in Africa: Context, Design and Rationale

2018, African Journal of Democracy and Governance

Les tentatives de règlement des conflits interétatiques et de graves crises politiques en Afrique ont conduit à de nombreux "Gouvernements d'unité nationale". Le terme a été le plus souvent utilisé sans aucune clarification conceptuelle ni considération des circonstances. Cet article étudie les gouvernements d'unité nationale établis en Afrique entre 1978 et 2016. Il tente de les classifier en tenant compte du contexte, de leur cadre institutionnel et de la raison d'être de leur formation et examine la politique de l'Union africaine (UA) en la matière. Il propose une définition élaborée de ce concept et conclue qu'en dépit de l'absence d'une politique spéciale, les règles actuellement établies par l'UA ont un impact sur la mise en oeuvre des gouvernements d'unité nationale et vice-versa. Abstract Attempts to manage intra-state conflicts and serious political crises in Africa have resulted in many "Governments of National Unity". The term is used in various cases often without conceptual clarity and consideration for the circumstances. This article reflects on the governments of national unity in Africa from 1978 to 2016. It strives to classify according to their context, institutional design and rationale and examines the policy of the African Union (AU) in this regard. It provides a scholarly definition for the concept and concludes that despite the absence of a specific AU policy, current AU norms have an impact on the establishment and functioning of the governments of national unity and vice-versa.

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Abdeslam Badre, Ph.D.

The thesis in this essay provokes a statement holding that the AU, compared the EU, has so far failed in its endeavor to develop an “integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its own citizens and representing a dynamic force in global arena”. The reason behind this partial failure is accounted for in terms of the level of intergovernmental and supranational arrangements characterizing both the EU and AU. The paper suggests a comparative analysis of the functional mechanisms of each of the Unions, by discussing the variables of Intergovernmentalism and supranationalism, as distinguishing features between the two Unions.

David Ogbeidi

This paper focuses on the African Union (AU) and attempts to appraise African integration using the dormant theories of regional integration. It has two main sections: the descriptive and the theoretical. The first section traces the origin and formation of the AU, examines the rationale for regional integration, its membership, objectives, organs, as well as the successes and weaknesses of the AU. In the second section, it proceeds to probe the existence and outcome of integration in Africa by exploring the explanatory and predictive propositions of the federalist, functionalist, neofunctionalist and intergovernmentalist approach. The paper finds that although the Constitutive Act creating the AU, came closer to what could be considered a constitution-like treaty, African states are weary of transferring their sovereignty to a supranational body. The findings, taken in contexts with the poor level of integration and slow implementation pace of AU’s lofty objectives, indicate that integration in Africa is best explained by the intergovernmentalist approach (including their newer versions). The paper argues that the intergovernmentalist approach, which puts the state at the epicentre of the integration process, explains why African states guide their sovereignty jealously despite their avowed profession to shed it. It is accounts for the low level of intra-African trade and the elusive spill over, marked by some utopian gravitation towards a political union. As initially proposed by Stanley Hoffmann and redefined by Andrew Moravcsik, intergovernmentalism suggests that governments control the level and speed of integration. Thus, the paper concludes that since the most important decisions of the AU are taken by the member states, they will try to control the integration process according to their own interests and African states are unlikely to surrender their hard earned sovereignty for an uncertain union of African states. It is recommended inter alia that the AU should re-examine its realities within the intergovernmentalist approach to determine the attainability of its lofty goals and re-clarify before them before it becomes irrelevant from incapacity.

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Essay on National Unity for B.A and F.A Students

Essay on National Unity

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Complete Essay on National Unity for Students

Essay on national unity for matric, fa, fsc, 2nd year, ba and bsc.

Essay on National Unity is here for different classes. Students can write the same essay under the question, write an essay on national unity, National Unity Essay, Essay on National Unity in Pakistan, This essay will discuss the need for national unity and offer some suggestions for this.

National Unity Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation

National unity is deeply related to the ideology of the country. We need national unity for many reasons. First, a nation must be united to make progress in different fields of life. secondly, we should know that our country is passing through a critical phase of its history. It is always exposed to danger from such a sworn enemy as India. India has already attacked our country twice. We are afraid of being attacked again. We need national unity in order to face the Indian attack.

Thirdly, at the same time, we need national unity for making progress in the social, political and economic fields. A united nation is always strong and stable. It has an image of great power. Before the partition of India, the Muslims were united on one platform under the leadership of Quaid-i-Azam. If the Muslim had not been united; Pakistan would have been a dream.

We can achieve national unity by following different things. First of all, justice should be done to everybody in Pakistan. Pakistan consists of four provinces. Here the people speak different languages and wear the different dress. If we deal out justice to people living in all provinces, we can keep them united. Justice means that we should deal fairly with them in the political, economic and social fields.

The people of each province should be dealt with justice, goodwill and love. This will lead them to national unity.

A common language should be adopted to achieve national unity. In our country people belonging to different races live. There are Punjabis, Pathans, Sindhis and Baluchis. They speak their respective mother language. They should not be disturbed in speaking their mother language. They should be convinced to use one language for the official use. This language can be Urdu. Moreover, people may be asked to wear one dress, at least in social functions and in official gatherings. This oneness of dress is a great thing. It can produce oneness among different groups of people. There is also one more thing which is the first and foremost requisite of national unity.

It is our faithful adherence to our ideology that can unite our nation. By following Islam, we can never be disunited. Islam gives us a lesson of unity, faith and discipline. It stresses that all Muslims are brothers to one another. They enjoy equal rights. Islam does not have faith in social distinctions among different groups of people.

It does not believe in caste, colour and creed. Everybody is equal in the eye of law. Islam does not believe in economic exploitation. It has faith in justice and can foster unity among different groups of people. We can say that Islam is the great binding and unifying force among different groups of people.

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• Nation building , United Nations

• Mon 16 Oct 2023

‘The Imagined Unity’: Understanding Nations, Nationalism and Their Bedrock

• By Alexander Stoney

Few terms in political science hold as complex a definition as “Nation”. As UN-aligned launches its new volume of The Gordian, exploring Nation Building, it becomes crucial to establish a clear understanding of the term and its multilayered complexities. 

What is a nation?

A nation is defined as “a group of people who share a history, traditions, culture and, often, language – even if the group does not have a country of its own”, writes National Geographic. 

This definition crucially highlights that a nation does not mandate all its citizens to reside within the same territory. Over the last half century, ‘nation’ has become a synonym for a state – a defined territory with hard borders. However, buried within the definition of nation is a clash between the concrete and the abstract. 

While a nation contains tangible and concrete markers of identity such as history and language, it also contains fluid and intangible markers such as culture and tradition. This complexity of definition is further complicated by the absence of clear borders to help confine and align such abstract aspects of identity with a specific geographical territory.

In many ways, the term ‘nation’, highlights human nature’s need for belonging and identity. While this concept frequently intertwines with the state, resulting in the term ‘nation-state’, it is not solely confined to it. 

In his 1983 book, political scientist Benedict Andersen, described nations as “imagined communities”. He argues that nations are “imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them. Yet, in the minds of each lives the image of their communion”. 

What is nationalism? 

This, of course, leads to the need for a separate definition of nationalism. Drawing from Anderson’s work, if we accept that nations are imagined communities, nationalism therefore explains why and how these imagined communities are created. 

As per Webster’s Dictionary, nationalism is defined as “a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests”. This dynamic force, as history has shown, can stir nations and shape their futures. 

In the last century, however, nationalism has developed a negative connotation, often associated with far-right political movements and major global conflict. 

Nevertheless, some contend that without the motivational force of nationalism, specifically national competition, many technological advances, exploration and social progress would have not been possible.

While both views present compelling evidence, we offer an alternative perspective in this new volume. Rather than viewing nationalism as a force for good or bad, we propose perceiving it in a neutral light as a powerful emotion capable of captivating an entire group of people, and ultimately, a key factor in nation building. 

How is a nation built?

With these two definitions firmly established, we can now turn our focus to Nation Building. While the terms nations and nationalism have taken centre stage in the past century, UN-aligned predict that the mechanisms by which nations are formed will be instrumental in moulding the next century and a better United Nations.

Nation building is both a simple and deeply complex process. Fundamentally, nation building means creating a sense of unity, belonging and national identity amongst a group of diverse people. Essentially, it is about the many becoming one nation. However, this definition does not begin to cover the myriad of challenges that comes with this process. 

Nation building stirs debates of language, histories, conflict, cultures and religion. It raises profound questions over state borders and territories, constitutional dispensation and governments. In addition, it requires a formulation of a shared identity and of shared values agreed upon internally, and externally displayed through international relations. 

The Global Constitution: And Why we Need it

Examples of nation building can be found on every continent. Canada, since its birth in 1867, has been in a perpetual state of nation building, aiming to build a national identity separate from its British and French colonial past and the looming shadow of the USA. 

Simultaneously, Canada has been forced to look at its internal identity and the relationships between indigenous peoples and colonial descendants. For this reason, Canada’s version of nation building has been a process of accepting and celebrating its diversity, creating a national “mosaic” of identity. 

In post-apartheid South Africa, on the other hand, the process of nation building has been one of unification, reconciliation and equality. Throughout South Africa’s post-apartheid history, the ANC-led government has undertaken a distinct nation-building programme in pursuit of “a truly united, democratic and prosperous South Africa”. 

Similar to Canada, the South African government introduced the “rainbow nation” concept, focusing on what Andrew Stinson, refers to as “interculturalism”. This process is one that focuses on recognising commonalities while reducing tensions and promoting the formation of social partnerships amongst different cultural groups. 

From these two examples, it is clear that nation building is far from a universal, one-size-fits-all process. Instead, it requires careful tailoring to a country’s history, culture, national values, language and religion. Despite both being former British colonies, the nation building process of Canada and South Africa have been remarkably different, facing different distinct challenges. 

These divergent patterns undoubtedly remain true when examining other countries, ranging from the rise of China to the creation of a new country in South Sudan. If nation building varies so greatly worldwide, is there any common ground? Can there be a universal definition of nation building?

The answer lies in the objective of nation building. Harris Mylonas, professor of political science at George Washington University, asserts that nation building aims to unify the people within the state to ensure long-term political stability and viability. 

Ultimately, nation building is a process defined by its outcomes. The effectiveness of nation building could be judged by whether it fosters a healthier sense of national identity and whether it garners internal and external recognition, sovereignty and credibility.

The desire to unify a people, bolster stability and power, and work towards the future prosperity of a country is a common thread binding diverse nations like South Africa, Canada, China and South Sudan. It is the inherent desire for improvement that drives the process of nation building.

What does it mean to be part of a nation? 

With this foundation, we set the stage for the next few issues of The Gordian, where we aim to delve into this and many related essential questions. Our focus will be on examining the trends, challenges and opportunities of nation building, alongside the people, movements and leaders who are relentlessly propelling it forward.

And as you read, we urge you to consider what it means to be part of a nation. Consider your own individual place, your people’s place and your region’s place in the nation building process. 

Think of what nation building means for international organisations such as the United Nations. And finally, consider your own country and what changes you would like to see through the process of nation building. 

It is not just about understanding, it is about igniting the first flame for a truly cohesive and effective United Nations.

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To be or not to be European alone — The Gordian Magazine

Welcome to the February issue of The Gordian Magazine. In this edition, we venture into the depths of a question that has, for centuries, puzzled and provoked: “To be or not to be European alone”. As we stand at the crossroads of history, the fabric of our collective identity is being stretched and tested by the forces of nationalism and globalisation, each tugging in its direction.

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Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — Diversity — Importance Of Unity In Diversity

Importance of Unity in Diversity

• Categories: Diversity

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Words: 674 |

Published: Jun 13, 2024

Words: 674 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Table of contents

Introduction, social cohesion and stability, economic growth and innovation, global understanding and cooperation.

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National Unity Essay and Article for Students

This Post discusses different National unity essay. for the help of students and professionals in writing the National unity article.

In the first National unity article. we will discuss the national unity article on the importance of national unity. It is a crucial element for the stability, growth, and success of any nation. It involves putting aside our differences and working together towards a common goal of building a stronger, more prosperous country. In this National unity essay, we will explore the importance and the challenges we face in achieving it, and the strategies we can adopt to promote it.

In the second National unity article. we will discuss the national unity article on Building a Strong and Prosperous Nation. Building a strong and prosperous nation is a fundamental goal for any society. It involves creating an environment that encourages economic growth, innovation, and social development, while also ensuring the stability and security of the country. In this National unity essay, we will discuss the key elements that contribute to building a strong and prosperous nation, the challenges we face in achieving it, and the strategies we can adopt to promote it.

National Unity Essay #1

National unity is the first and foremost need of our country. Our progress and prosperity depend to great extent on our unity. As long as we are united; we shall grow stronger. Unity matter of life and death for us. The creation of Pakistan was the result of the unity of the Muslims of South Asia. The British and the Hindus both opposed the demand of Pakistan but appeared on the map of the world on 14th August 1947 only due to the unity of the Muslims.

History is a great teacher of mankind. We must get a lesson from the study of history. We are fully aware that the Muslims ruled over Spain for above 700 years. But they lost their freedom and were driven out of Spain when they were disunited. During the War of Independence 1857, the Muslims were defeated and the English became our masters due to our disunity. The creation of Bangladesh, which was formerly called East Pakistan, was only due to a lack of unity. It was a great shock for the sincere Pakistani patriots and a great warning for strengthening our unity.

It is a great need for the present time. Our neighboring enemies want to shatter our unity because they know that they can never succeed without it. We are Muslims; therefore, we should always remember the ‘Hadith’ of the Holy Prophet that the life and property of a Muslim are “Haram” to another Muslim. It is also the duty of national leaders to strengthen this unity as the Muslims are called brothers among themselves.

We know quite well that we defeated India in the 1965 War because we were united and one during this critical period. Now we should pledge ourselves to follow the teachings of Islam and build Pakistan “The Fort of Islam” by unit, brotherhood, and equality.

National Unity Article#2

National unity is a critical component of any successful society. It refers to the idea that all citizens of a country should come together and work towards a common goal of building a stronger, more prosperous nation. It involves putting aside our differences, working together, and respecting each other’s opinions, beliefs, and values. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of it, the challenges we face in achieving it, and the strategies we can adopt to promote it.

The Importance of Unity

National unity is essential for the stability and growth of any nation. When people of different backgrounds and beliefs work together towards a common goal, they are more likely to achieve success. It also helps to reduce conflict and promote peace within society. It fosters a sense of belonging and shared responsibility for the well-being of the country, which encourages people to be more patriotic and invested in their nation’s success.

Challenges to Unity

While it is essential, achieving it can be challenging. One of the most significant obstacles to national unity is the diversity of the population. People come from different ethnic, cultural, and religious backgrounds, which can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. There is also the issue of inequality, which can create divisions between the rich and poor, and further exacerbate differences.

Strategies for Promoting Unity

There are several strategies that can be used to promote unity. One of the most effective ways is to promote education and awareness about the importance of national unity. This can be done through schools, media, and public events. Encouraging dialogue and respectful communication between different groups can also help to break down barriers and promote understanding.

Another way to promote unity is to celebrate the diversity of the population. Acknowledging and embracing differences can help to create a sense of inclusivity and belonging. Encouraging people to participate in community activities and volunteer work can also help to build a sense of shared responsibility for the country’s success.

National unity is essential for building a strong and prosperous nation. While achieving it can be challenging, there are strategies that can be used to promote it. By promoting education and awareness, encouraging dialogue and communication, celebrating diversity, and encouraging community involvement, we can work towards a more unified and prosperous society. Ultimately, it is up to each and every one of us to do our part in promoting national unity and building a better future for ourselves and future generations.

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Essay on Unity for Students and Children

500+ words essay on unity.

Unity is of utmost importance for society as well as the whole country. “Strength is always with Unity” is a popular phrase and it is true to its every word. Unity represents togetherness. Therefore, it is standing together for every thick and thin matter. There are many stories as well as real-life incidences have proved that unity always leads a harmonious and fulfilling life for all. On the other hand, many people still do not understand the importance of staying in unity. People keep fighting over insignificant things and at last end up with loneliness.

Towards Common Goal- Unity

People in unity look forward to work towards a common goal instead of satisfying their own selfish motives. People love their nation as well as their fellow citizens. Therefore, it is the fact that they would be able to grow with a better lifestyle only when there is national development.

And it is but obvious that national development is possible only when they maintain unity. Hence, this goes a long way in the development of the nation.

Advantages of Unity

Here are some of the advantages of unity:

Help and Support-

People help each other and provide moral as well as financial support when it is needed. On the other hand, living in isolation will make anyone feel insecure and introvert.

Good Guidance-

It is a proven fact that when we stay united then we may seek guidance from others them for both personal and professional matters.

Proper Growth-

Staying united is good for our growth as well as the nation’s development. This is also good for the family in particular and all-round development of children.

Source of Motivation-

When we work together, we are motivated and encouraged to work harder. Also, we push each other to accomplish the goals and this works as a great motivational factor.

Greater Accomplishment-

When we work together as a team, we are able to accomplish greater goals which might not be possible alone.

Fighting a Mission-

Fighting a mission becomes much easier when there are more numbers of people involved. Indian national movement for freedom is it’s the best example. Many social evils and unjust practices have been fought and eradicated in the past only because of unity among people.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Government’s Role in Building Unity

Unity can be achieved if each individual is ready to leave his individual interests and work for the betterment of the nation as a whole. Undoubtedly this spirit must be inborn. But the government can play an important role in building unity among people. Few steps in which this can be achieved are as follows:

End Corruption-

A country can never be prosperous if its political system is corrupt. So, the political leaders must be chosen with utmost care. Also, the government must make it possible by imposing the required legal measures.

Lower Economic Disparity-

There is a lot of economic disparity in our country. As we can see that rich people are becoming richer day by day and the poor are getting poorer. This makes the poor people adopt the criminal means that hamper national development. The government must bridge this gap.

Educate People-

People must be educated about many things related to the country’s development and also about the importance of unity. This should be made a part of the school curriculum. Many other means are also there through which it can be emphasized.

Thus, we see there are uncountable benefits of staying in unity. We can accomplish big tasks, rely on the people in times of need and nurture youth power in a better way. Safety and security can be assured by the national unity. Every citizen must work towards having full unity in the country.

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