phd interview etiquette

Top 50 PhD Interview Questions and Answers

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Are you ready to conquer the pivotal challenge of PhD interviews? Your path to securing a coveted spot in a doctoral program hinges on your ability to navigate the often intricate world of PhD interview questions. In this guide, we'll delve deep into the types of questions you may encounter, equip you with effective strategies to tackle them, and provide insights to help you shine in your academic pursuits. Let's dive right in and decode the art of answering PhD interview questions with confidence and poise.

What is a PhD Interview?

A PhD interview is a critical step in the admissions process for doctoral programs. It serves as an opportunity for the admissions committee to get to know you better, assess your qualifications, and determine your suitability for the program. In a PhD interview, you'll typically engage in a conversation with faculty members or admissions representatives to discuss your academic background, research interests, motivations, and potential contributions to the program.

Importance of PhD Interviews

PhD interviews hold immense significance in the admissions process. Here's why they matter:

• Assessment of Fit : Interviews help institutions assess whether you are a good fit for their program and research community. They want to ensure that your academic and research goals align with their offerings and objectives.
• Personality and Interpersonal Skills : Interviews provide insight into your personality, communication skills, and how well you might collaborate with faculty and peers. Your interpersonal skills can be as important as your academic qualifications.
• Clarification and Engagement : Interviews allow you to clarify any aspects of your application and engage in meaningful conversations about your research interests. This interaction can set you apart from other candidates.
• Demonstration of Enthusiasm : By participating in an interview, you have the chance to demonstrate your genuine enthusiasm and passion for your field of study and the program itself.
• Lasting Impression : A successful interview can leave a lasting positive impression on the admissions committee, potentially tipping the scales in your favor during the final decision-making process.

How to Prepare for PhD Interviews?

Effective preparation is key to a successful PhD interview. Here's what you need to consider:

• Research the Program : Dive deep into the program's website, course offerings, and faculty profiles. Understand their research areas, recent publications, and ongoing projects. Be ready to discuss how your interests align with theirs.
• Create a Strong CV and Personal Statement : Craft a compelling CV and personal statement that highlight your academic achievements, research experience, and motivations. Tailor these documents to reflect your passion for the field and your alignment with the program.
• Practice Interview Responses : Practice answering common interview questions, both alone and with a friend or mentor. Focus on clarity, conciseness, and relevance in your responses.
• Gather Questions to Ask the Interviewers : Prepare thoughtful questions to ask the interviewers. This shows your genuine interest and engagement. Examples include inquiring about ongoing research projects and the support structure for graduate students.
• Dress and Present Professionally : Choose a professional and comfortable outfit for your interview. Dressing appropriately shows respect for the process, while confidence in your appearance can boost your self-assurance during the interview.

Remember that preparation is the foundation of success in PhD interviews. By understanding their significance and thoroughly preparing, you can approach your interviews with confidence and increase your chances of securing a spot in your desired program.

Types of PhD Interviews

PhD interviews come in various formats, each designed to assess different aspects of your candidacy and suitability for a doctoral program. Understanding these interview types will help you tailor your preparation effectively.

Structured Interviews

Structured interviews are highly organized and follow a predefined set of questions. They aim to objectively evaluate your qualifications and fit for the program. Here's what to expect:

• Question Consistency : In structured interviews, all candidates face the same questions, ensuring fairness and comparability.
• Focused Assessment : Interviewers assess your responses against specific criteria, such as academic background and research experience.
• Formal Setting : These interviews often occur in a formal setting and may involve a panel of interviewers.

Unstructured Interviews

Unstructured interviews take a more conversational approach, allowing interviewers to explore your personality, motivations, and compatibility with their research group. Here's what makes them unique:

• Open-Ended Questions : Interviewers ask open-ended questions, giving you the freedom to express yourself more spontaneously.
• Personality Assessment : This format delves into your personal qualities, interpersonal skills, and enthusiasm for the field.
• Informal Atmosphere : Unstructured interviews often create a more relaxed, informal atmosphere.

Panel Interviews

Panel interviews involve multiple interviewers assessing you simultaneously. While they can be intimidating, they offer diverse perspectives and insights into your candidacy:

• Varied Perspectives : Different panel members may come from various academic backgrounds, providing a holistic assessment.
• Multifaceted Questions : Be prepared for a range of questions, including those related to your research, motivations, and potential contributions.
• Time Management : Managing your responses and interactions with multiple interviewers can be challenging but crucial.

Video Interviews

In the digital age, video interviews have become increasingly common, especially for international candidates. Excelling in a video interview requires additional considerations:

• Technical Setup : Ensure your camera, microphone, and internet connection are reliable to avoid technical disruptions.
• Virtual Presence : Convey your enthusiasm and professionalism through the screen by maintaining eye contact and using appropriate body language.
• Background and Attire : Choose a clean, professional background and dress as you would for an in-person interview. Avoid distractions.

Understanding these interview types will help you tailor your preparation and approach to each specific format, increasing your chances of success in the PhD admissions process.

Research Experience and Background Interview Questions

1. tell me about your research experience and background in your field..

How to Answer: Start with a brief overview of your academic and research journey, highlighting key milestones, projects, and publications. Emphasize your expertise, the relevance of your work to the PhD program, and any unique contributions you've made.

Sample Answer: "I hold a Master's degree in [Your Field] and have been actively involved in research for the past five years. My work has primarily focused on [Specific Research Area], where I've conducted experiments on [Research Topic]. I've published several papers in reputable journals and presented my findings at international conferences."

What to Look For: Look for candidates who can effectively communicate their research experience, showcasing their passion for the field and the impact of their work. Assess the alignment between their research background and the program's objectives.

2. Can you discuss a specific research project you've worked on in detail?

How to Answer: Choose a significant research project and provide a structured overview, discussing the objectives, methodologies, key findings, and your role in the project. Be concise and clear in explaining the project's relevance.

Sample Answer: "Certainly, one of my most impactful research projects was centered around [Project Title]. The primary aim was to [Project Objective]. I employed [Research Methodology] and collaborated closely with [Team Members]. Our findings, which indicated [Key Finding], have the potential to [Potential Impact]."

What to Look For: Evaluate the candidate's ability to articulate complex research projects coherently, emphasizing their contribution, teamwork, and understanding of the research's implications.

Motivation and Goals Interview Questions

3. why do you want to pursue a phd in [your field].

How to Answer: Share your genuine passion for your field, explaining how a PhD aligns with your long-term goals and emphasizing your commitment to contributing to knowledge.

Sample Answer: "I am deeply passionate about [Your Field] because of its potential to address pressing global issues, such as [Relevant Issue]. Pursuing a PhD is the next logical step for me to delve deeper into these challenges, conduct innovative research, and ultimately make a meaningful impact."

What to Look For: Seek candidates who demonstrate a clear and authentic passion for their field and a well-thought-out rationale for pursuing a PhD.

4. What are your specific research interests and potential research topics for your PhD?

How to Answer: Discuss your research interests, explaining how they align with the department's expertise. Mention potential research topics and why they are relevant.

Sample Answer: "My research interests revolve around [Specific Research Area], and I'm particularly intrigued by [Specific Aspect]. I see potential for investigating [Potential Research Topic] because it addresses [Research Gap], and it complements the ongoing work at your department, especially with [Professor's Name]'s research in [Related Area]."

What to Look For: Look for candidates with well-defined research interests that align with the program and an understanding of how their interests fit within the department's expertise.

Academic Preparedness Interview Questions

5. how have your academic achievements prepared you for a phd program.

How to Answer: Highlight your academic achievements, emphasizing relevant coursework, grades, honors, or awards. Discuss how these accomplishments have equipped you for the challenges of a PhD.

Sample Answer: "During my undergraduate and master's studies, I consistently excelled in courses related to [Relevant Subjects], earning top grades. I was also honored with [Academic Award] for my outstanding performance in [Specific Course], which I believe demonstrates my ability to excel in rigorous academic environments."

What to Look For: Evaluate candidates ' academic records, looking for a history of strong performance and evidence of their ability to excel in the PhD program.

6. How do you plan to manage the demands of a PhD program, including coursework, research, and potential teaching responsibilities?

How to Answer: Outline your organizational and time-management skills, discussing strategies for balancing coursework, research, and other responsibilities. Mention any prior experience in multitasking or teaching.

Sample Answer: "I recognize that a PhD program can be demanding, but I've honed my time-management skills through [Relevant Experience]. I plan to create a detailed schedule that allocates dedicated time for coursework, research, and any potential teaching duties, ensuring that I maintain a healthy work-life balance."

What to Look For: Seek candidates who demonstrate a proactive approach to managing the academic demands of a PhD, emphasizing their organizational skills and adaptability.

Research Proposal Interview Questions

7. have you developed a research proposal for your phd if so, can you provide a brief overview.

How to Answer: Summarize your research proposal briefly, outlining the research question, objectives, methodology, and potential significance. Be concise and showcase your innovative thinking.

Sample Answer: "Yes, I've developed a preliminary research proposal focusing on [Research Question]. The main objectives are to [Research Objectives]. I plan to employ [Research Methodology] to investigate this, and if successful, this research could contribute by [Potential Impact]."

What to Look For: Evaluate the candidate's ability to conceptualize a research project, the clarity of their proposal, and the alignment with the program's research priorities.

8. How does your research proposal align with the department's research priorities and potential advisors?

How to Answer: Explain the alignment between your research proposal and the department's strengths and potential advisors. Mention specific faculty members you are interested in working with.

Sample Answer: "My research proposal aligns closely with the department's focus on [Department's Research Focus]. I am particularly interested in collaborating with [Professor's Name], as their work in [Professor's Research Area] directly relates to my research proposal, and I believe their expertise would be invaluable."

What to Look For: Look for candidates who have thoroughly researched the department's strengths and potential advisors and can clearly articulate the alignment between their proposal and the program's resources.

Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking Interview Questions

9. can you describe a complex problem you've encountered in your research or academic work and how you approached solving it.

How to Answer: Share a specific example of a challenging problem, outlining the steps you took to address it. Emphasize your problem-solving skills and critical thinking.

Sample Answer: "In one of my research projects, we encountered a complex issue with [Problem Description]. To tackle this, I initiated a collaborative discussion with my team, conducted thorough literature reviews, and explored alternative approaches. Eventually, we devised a novel solution that not only resolved the problem but also contributed to the field."

What to Look For: Assess the candidate's ability to navigate complex challenges, their problem-solving strategies, and their commitment to finding innovative solutions.

10. How do you approach interdisciplinary collaboration and integrating different perspectives into your research?

How to Answer: Explain your approach to interdisciplinary collaboration, highlighting instances where you've successfully integrated diverse perspectives into your work. Emphasize the benefits of such collaboration.

Sample Answer: "I believe that interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for addressing complex issues. In my previous research on [Project Name], I collaborated with experts from [Related Discipline]. We integrated their insights, which enriched our project by [Outcome]. This experience has reinforced my commitment to embracing diverse perspectives."

What to Look For: Look for candidates who value interdisciplinary collaboration, demonstrate an ability to work effectively with experts from other fields, and can articulate the benefits of such collaborations.

Communication Skills Interview Questions

11. how do you communicate your research findings to both academic and non-academic audiences.

How to Answer: Discuss your communication skills, emphasizing your ability to convey complex ideas in a clear and accessible manner. Mention any presentations, publications, or outreach activities.

Sample Answer: "I believe in effective science communication. I've presented my research findings at conferences, where I tailored my presentations to engage both experts in my field and non-specialist audiences. Additionally, I've authored articles for [Publication], aiming to make my research accessible to a wider readership."

What to Look For: Evaluate candidates' communication skills, assessing their ability to adapt their message to different audiences and their commitment to disseminating their research beyond academia.

12. How would you handle a situation where your research findings faced skepticism or resistance from peers or advisors?

How to Answer: Describe a hypothetical scenario where your research findings were met with skepticism, and outline your approach to addressing this challenge diplomatically and professionally.

Sample Answer: "If my research findings were met with skepticism, I would first seek to understand the concerns of my peers or advisors. I'd be open to constructive feedback and engage in respectful discussions to address their doubts. If necessary, I'd reevaluate my methodology or findings and provide additional evidence to support my conclusions."

What to Look For: Look for candidates who demonstrate resilience, the ability to handle criticism professionally, and a commitment to constructive dialogue when faced with skepticism.

Professional Development Interview Questions

13. how do you stay updated with the latest developments and trends in your field.

How to Answer: Share your strategies for staying informed about the latest developments in your field, such as attending conferences, reading journals, or participating in online forums.

Sample Answer: "I stay updated by regularly attending conferences like [Conference Name], subscribing to relevant journals, and actively participating in online communities and forums where experts discuss emerging trends. This continuous learning helps me remain at the forefront of advancements in my field."

What to Look For: Assess candidates ' commitment to professional development and their proactive approach to staying informed about the latest research and trends.

14. Can you discuss any leadership or mentoring experiences you've had in your academic or professional journey?

How to Answer: Highlight any leadership or mentoring roles you've undertaken, emphasizing your ability to lead and mentor others effectively.

Sample Answer: "I've had the privilege of serving as a mentor for junior researchers in my lab, guiding them through research processes and offering academic support. Additionally, I was elected as the president of [Student Organization], where I led a team of [Number] members in organizing [Event/Project], which greatly enhanced my leadership skills."

What to Look For: Seek candidates who have demonstrated leadership and mentoring abilities, showcasing their capacity to contribute positively to the academic community.

Conclusion and Fit with the Program Interview Questions

15. why do you believe you are an ideal fit for our phd program in [your field].

How to Answer: Summarize the key reasons why you believe you are a strong fit for the program, emphasizing your alignment with the department's goals, resources, and values.

Sample Answer: "I am enthusiastic about your PhD program because it aligns perfectly with my research interests in [Your Field]. The department's renowned faculty, well-equipped laboratories, and collaborative environment make it an ideal place for me to pursue my research goals. Furthermore, I appreciate the department's commitment to fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, which mirrors my approach to research."

What to Look For: Evaluate candidates' understanding of the program's strengths and their ability to articulate why they are an excellent fit based on their research interests and values.

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How to Prepare for a PhD Interview?

Preparing for PhD interviews is a critical step in ensuring your success in the admissions process. We will dive into the key aspects of thorough preparation that will help you leave a lasting impression on the interview panel.

Researching the Program and Faculty

Before you step into the interview room, it's essential to have a deep understanding of the program you're applying to and the faculty members who might become your mentors. Here's how to do it effectively:

• Program Insights : Explore the program's website, course offerings, and any recent publications or research projects. Understand the program's strengths and what sets it apart from others.
• Faculty Profiles : Dive into the profiles of faculty members in your area of interest. Familiarize yourself with their research, publications, and current projects. Identify potential advisors who align with your research goals.
• Department Culture : Seek insights into the department's culture and values. This can help you tailor your responses to demonstrate your alignment with their objectives.

Creating a Strong CV and Personal Statement

Your CV and personal statement are your opportunities to showcase your academic achievements, research experience, and motivations. Crafting these documents effectively is crucial:

• CV Highlights : Ensure your CV highlights relevant academic accomplishments, research contributions, and any publications or presentations. Use a clear, concise format.
• Personal Statement Impact : Your personal statement should be a compelling narrative of your academic journey, research interests, and why you're passionate about pursuing a PhD. Tailor it to the program you're applying to.
• Demonstrate Fit : Emphasize how your academic background and research experience align with the program's goals and faculty expertise. Show how you can contribute to the department's research endeavors.

Practicing Interview Responses

Practice makes perfect, and practicing interview responses is no exception. Here's how to hone your interview skills:

• Mock Interviews : Conduct mock interviews with friends, mentors, or career advisors. Practice answering common questions while receiving constructive feedback.
• Video Recordings : Record yourself answering interview questions. Review the recordings to assess your body language, clarity, and confidence.
• Storyboard Responses : Create storyboards for potential questions. Outline your responses with key points and examples to ensure you address the interviewers' expectations.

Gathering Questions to Ask the Interviewers

Preparing thoughtful questions to ask the interviewers not only demonstrates your interest but also helps you gain valuable insights:

• Research-Based Questions : Ask questions related to ongoing research projects, faculty collaborations, and opportunities for graduate students. For example, inquire about recent publications or upcoming research initiatives.
• Program Support : Seek information on the support structure for graduate students, including funding, resources, and mentorship opportunities.
• Departmental Vision : Ask about the department's vision for the future and how they envision contributing to your academic and research growth.

Dressing and Presenting Professionally

Your appearance and demeanor play a crucial role in creating a positive first impression. Here are some tips for presenting yourself professionally:

• Appropriate Attire : Choose professional attire that is appropriate for the interview setting. Dressing well shows respect for the process and your interviewers.
• Grooming : Pay attention to grooming and personal hygiene. Ensure you feel comfortable and confident in your chosen attire.
• Body Language : Practice good body language, such as maintaining eye contact, offering a firm handshake, and sitting up straight. These non-verbal cues convey professionalism and confidence.

Thoroughly preparing for your PhD interviews is your opportunity to shine and showcase your commitment to academic excellence and research. Each aspect of preparation contributes to a successful interview experience, increasing your chances of securing a spot in your desired program.

During the PhD Interview

The moment you step into the interview room is when your preparation meets the real test. This section will guide you through the crucial aspects of handling yourself during the interview, leaving a lasting impression on the interview panel.

Arriving Early and Being Punctual

Punctuality is a mark of professionalism and respect. Arriving early not only demonstrates your commitment but also helps you settle in and overcome any last-minute nerves. Here's how to ensure you're punctual:

• Plan Your Journey : Calculate the travel time and consider potential traffic or delays. Aim to arrive at least 15 minutes before your scheduled interview time.
• Venue Familiarity : If the interview is in person, visit the interview venue beforehand, if possible, to familiarize yourself with the location. This can help reduce anxiety on the interview day.
• Backup Plans : Have a backup plan in case of unexpected circumstances, such as traffic jams or technical issues for virtual interviews.

Building Rapport with Interviewers

Building a positive rapport with the interviewers can go a long way in making a favorable impression. Here are some strategies to establish a connection:

• Engage Actively : Be an active listener during the interview. Respond thoughtfully to the interviewers' questions and show genuine interest in their responses.
• Respectful Interaction : Address the interviewers by their titles or preferred names, and maintain a respectful tone throughout the conversation.
• Ask Clarifying Questions : If you're unsure about a question or need clarification, don't hesitate to ask. This demonstrates your commitment to understanding and providing thoughtful responses.

Communicating Clearly and Confidently

Effective communication is essential during your PhD interview. Clear and confident communication helps convey your ideas and qualifications effectively:

• Clarity is Key : Ensure your responses are clear and concise. Avoid jargon or overly technical language that might be unfamiliar to some interviewers.
• Confidence and Poise : Maintain a confident tone while speaking, even when discussing complex topics. Confidence can inspire trust in your abilities.
• Practice Active Listening : Show that you're engaged by nodding or providing verbal cues to indicate you're actively listening to the interviewers.

Addressing Tough Questions with Poise

Challenging questions are a part of most PhD interviews. How you handle them can make a significant difference. Here's how to address tough questions with poise:

• Take a Breath : If faced with a difficult question, take a moment to collect your thoughts. Don't rush into an answer. Composure is more important than speed.
• Structured Responses : Structure your responses logically, addressing the question's core and providing relevant examples or evidence to support your answer.
• Be Honest : If you don't know the answer to a question, it's okay to admit it. Offer to explore the topic further or express your eagerness to learn.

Demonstrating Enthusiasm and Passion

Your enthusiasm for your field of study and the PhD program should shine through during the interview. Here's how to convey your passion effectively:

• Speak About Your Research : When discussing your research interests, convey your excitement and the potential impact of your work on the field.
• Share Relevant Experiences : Highlight experiences that have fueled your passion for the subject matter. Discuss the projects or coursework that have influenced your journey.
• Show Gratitude : Express your gratitude for the opportunity to interview and your eagerness to contribute to the academic community.

The interview is your moment to not only showcase your qualifications but also your personality, professionalism, and enthusiasm. By mastering these aspects during the interview, you'll leave a memorable impression on the interview panel.

Post-PhD Interview Etiquette

Once the interview is over, your job isn't done yet. Proper post-interview etiquette is crucial in maintaining a positive impression and handling potential next steps. We'll delve into the essential aspects of post-interview conduct.

Sending Thank-You Notes or Emails

Sending a thank-you note or email after your PhD interview is a courteous gesture that can leave a lasting impression. Here's how to do it effectively:

• Promptness : Send your thank-you note within 24-48 hours of the interview to express your appreciation while your interview is still fresh in the interviewers' minds.
• Personalization : Customize each thank-you message for each interviewer, referencing specific points of discussion or insights gained during the interview.
• Express Gratitude : Express your gratitude for the opportunity to interview and your enthusiasm for joining the program.

Reflecting on the Interview Experience

After the interview, take some time to reflect on the experience. Self-assessment can be a valuable tool for personal growth and future interviews:

• Strengths and Weaknesses : Identify your strengths during the interview and areas where you can improve. Reflect on the questions that challenged you.
• Learning Opportunities : Consider what you've learned from the interview process. How can you apply this knowledge to future interviews or your academic journey?
• Feedback : If you receive feedback from the interview panel, use it constructively to enhance your interview skills for future opportunities.

Preparing for Possible Follow-Up Interviews

In some cases, you may be invited for a follow-up interview, especially if you're a strong candidate. Be prepared for the possibility of additional interviews:

• Research Continuation : Be ready to discuss your research interests in more depth. Prepare to elaborate on your proposed projects or potential contributions to the program.
• Personalized Questions : Expect more specific questions related to your application or areas of interest. Demonstrate your commitment and passion for the program.

Handling Rejections and Acceptances

The outcomes of your PhD applications can be emotionally charged, especially when it comes to rejections and acceptances.

Coping with Rejection

Receiving a rejection can be disheartening, but it's important to remember that it's not a reflection of your worth or potential. Here's how to cope:

• Seek Feedback : If possible, request feedback from the admissions committee. Understanding the reasons for rejection can help you improve your future applications.
• Stay Resilient : Maintain a positive outlook and resilience. Rejections are a natural part of the application process and can lead to growth and self-improvement.
• Explore Alternatives : Consider alternative options, such as reapplying in the future or exploring similar programs that align with your goals.

Evaluating PhD Offers and Making Decisions

If you're fortunate enough to receive multiple offers, you'll face the pleasant yet challenging task of evaluating and choosing the right program for you. Here's how to navigate this decision-making process:

• Comparative Analysis : Create a spreadsheet or chart to compare the pros and cons of each program, considering factors like funding, research opportunities, faculty expertise, location, and support services.
• Visit the Campuses : If possible, visit the campuses or engage in virtual tours to get a feel for the environment and culture.
• Consult Mentors and Advisors : Seek guidance from mentors, advisors, or professors who can provide insights and advice based on your academic and career goals.
• Trust Your Instincts : Ultimately, trust your instincts and choose the program that aligns best with your aspirations and offers the support and resources you need.

Handling the aftermath of PhD interviews, including sending thank-you notes, reflecting on your experiences, and managing outcomes, is an integral part of the journey. By following these guidelines, you can leave a positive impression and make informed decisions regarding your academic future.

Facing PhD interview questions may seem daunting, but with careful preparation and a confident approach, you can shine during this critical stage of your academic journey. Remember to showcase your qualifications, passion for research, and enthusiasm for the program. Your ability to communicate effectively and handle questions with poise will set you on the path to success.

As you reflect on your interview experience and await the outcomes, maintain a positive attitude and be ready to adapt and learn from each opportunity. Whether you receive an acceptance or a rejection, remember that every step in this process is a valuable learning experience that can help shape your future endeavors. Stay resilient, stay motivated, and keep pursuing your passion for knowledge. Your PhD journey is just beginning.

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PhD Interview Questions and Answers (13 Questions + Answers)

Most PhD applications include an interview. This allows your university (and perhaps even your prospective supervisor) to discuss the PhD with you in more detail.

This article lists some of the most common PhD interview questions along with their answers. The goal is to help you prepare for a PhD interview and pass with flying colors.

1) How did you develop this proposal?

When responding to this question, demonstrate your thought process, research skills, and the evolution of your ideas. Let's choose the subject of "Renewable Energy Integration in Urban Planning" as an example.

Sample answer:

"My proposal on 'Renewable Energy Integration in Urban Planning' originated from my undergraduate thesis on sustainable cities. Intrigued by the potential of renewable energy in urban environments, I conducted a literature review to identify gaps in current research. This review highlighted a lack of comprehensive strategies for integrating renewable technologies at a city-wide level. I then consulted with experts in urban planning and renewable energy, which provided practical insights into the challenges and opportunities in this field. I designed a methodology that combines spatial analysis with energy modeling to explore optimal renewable energy integration in urban landscapes. This proposal represents an amalgamation of academic research, expert consultation, and innovative methodology development."

This answer is effective because it mentions a literature review demonstrates the ability to conduct thorough research and identify gaps in existing knowledge.

2) Why do you wish to pursue a PhD?

For this question, it's important to articulate your passion for the subject, your long-term career goals, and how the PhD program aligns with these aspects.

Let's choose the subject of "Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare" for this example.

"I am passionate about leveraging technology to improve healthcare outcomes, and pursuing a PhD in Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare aligns perfectly with this passion. During my Master's, I was fascinated by the potential of AI to revolutionize diagnostic processes and personalized medicine. I believe a PhD will provide me with the deep technical knowledge and research skills necessary to contribute significantly to this field. My goal is to develop AI systems that enhance medical diagnostics, ultimately improving patient care and treatment efficiency. This PhD program, known for its pioneering research in AI and strong healthcare collaborations, is the ideal environment for me to develop these innovations and achieve my career aspirations in healthcare technology."

This is a great answer because you clearly state that the PhD will provide the necessary skills and knowledge, indicating a clear understanding of the purpose of the program.

3) Why do you think you are the right candidate for this PhD program?

Discuss how your research interests align with the program's strengths and the faculty's expertise. Explain how the program's resources, courses, and research opportunities can help you achieve your academic and career goals.

"I am deeply passionate about environmental science, particularly in the area of sustainable urban development. This passion was ignited during my master's program in Environmental Studies at XYZ University, where I completed a thesis on urban green spaces and their impact on city microclimates. This research not only honed my skills in data analysis and GIS mapping but also highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to environmental issues. I am drawn to your PhD program at ABC University because of its innovative research on sustainable urban planning and the renowned work of Professor Jane Smith in this field. Her research aligns with my interest in integrating green infrastructure into urban planning to mitigate climate change effects. My perseverance, attention to detail, and ability to synthesize complex data make me an ideal candidate for this challenging program. Pursuing this PhD is integral to my goal of becoming an environmental consultant, where I plan to develop strategies for cities to reduce their environmental footprint."

This response is effective because it mentions particular aspects of your experience and the program, avoiding generic statements. It also outlines how the PhD fits into your career path.

4) What do you plan to do after you have completed your PhD?

Be specific about the type of career you aspire to, whether it's in academia, industry, research, etc. Explain how the PhD will equip you with the skills and knowledge for your chosen career path.

"After completing my PhD in Computational Neuroscience, I plan to pursue a career in academia as a university professor. My doctoral research on neural network modeling will provide a strong foundation for teaching and conducting further research in this area. I aim to develop innovative courses that bridge computer science and neuroscience, addressing the growing demand for interdisciplinary knowledge in these fields. Additionally, I intend to continue my research on applying machine learning techniques to understand brain function, which has potential implications for developing new treatments for neurological disorders. This academic pathway allows me to contribute significantly to both education and research in Computational Neuroscience."

This is a great answer because it connects the PhD research directly to future career plans.

It also articulates how your work can impact both academia and the broader field of Computational Neuroscience.

5) Why have you chosen this specific PhD program?

Mention specific aspects of the program that attracted you, such as the curriculum, research facilities, faculty expertise, or reputation.

Explain how the program aligns with your research interests or academic background.

"I chose the PhD program in Artificial Intelligence at MIT because of its cutting-edge research and interdisciplinary approach, which perfectly aligns with my academic background in computer science and my passion for machine learning. The program's emphasis on both theoretical foundations and practical applications in AI is particularly appealing. Additionally, the opportunity to work under the guidance of Professor [Name], whose work in [specific area, e.g., neural networks or AI ethics] has deeply influenced my own research interests, is a significant draw. This program is an ideal fit for me to further develop my skills and contribute to the field of AI, ultimately aiming for a career in AI research and development in the tech industry."

This answer connects your background and goals to the program's offerings.

Including a specific professor's name shows detailed knowledge about the program and faculty.

6) What impact would you like your PhD project to have?

When answering this question, convey both the academic significance and the potential real-world applications of your research. Let's choose a project focused on developing eco-friendly battery technologies for electric vehicles for this example.

"My PhD project aims to develop new eco-friendly battery technologies for electric vehicles (EVs), addressing both the environmental impact of battery production and the efficiency of energy storage. I hope my research will contribute to the academic field by advancing our understanding of sustainable materials for energy storage, potentially leading to publications and patents. Beyond academia, I envision this project significantly impacting the EV industry by providing a more sustainable and efficient battery alternative. This innovation could play a crucial role in reducing the carbon footprint of transportation and supporting global efforts towards a greener future. Ultimately, I aspire for my work to not only advance scientific knowledge but also drive real-world changes in how we approach energy sustainability in transportation."

This is an excellent answer because it connects the project to larger environmental goals and societal benefits. It also reflects a forward-thinking approach, demonstrating your understanding of the project's potential long-term implications.

7) What difficulties would you expect to encounter during this project?

It's important to demonstrate awareness of potential challenges and convey a proactive mindset toward problem-solving. Let's choose a project focused on the development of a novel AI-driven diagnostic tool for early detection of neurological diseases for this example.

"In developing an AI-driven diagnostic tool for early detection of neurological diseases, I anticipate several challenges. Firstly, the accuracy and reliability of the tool depend heavily on the quality and diversity of the data used for training the AI algorithms. Obtaining a comprehensive dataset that adequately represents the population can be difficult due to privacy concerns and data availability. Secondly, ensuring the AI model's interpretability to be clinically useful while maintaining high performance is another challenge, given the complexity of neurological diseases. To address these, I plan to collaborate with interdisciplinary teams, including data privacy experts and neurologists, to source and utilize data ethically and effectively. I also intend to continuously refine the AI model, focusing on both its predictive accuracy and clinical applicability. These challenges, while significant, present valuable opportunities for innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration."

This response is effective because it clearly outlines realistic challenges specific to the AI diagnostic tool project. It also presents a proactive approach to overcoming these challenges, showing problem-solving skills.

8) How will you fund this project?

When answering this question, show that you've thought about the financial aspects of your research and are aware of funding sources that are available and applicable to your project. 

"I have identified multiple funding sources to support my renewable energy research project at Stanford University. Firstly, I plan to apply for the DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) Program, which offers substantial support for projects focusing on sustainable energy. My proposal for this grant is already in progress, highlighting how my project aligns with the DOE's priorities in advancing clean energy technologies. Additionally, I'm exploring departmental fellowships at Stanford, particularly those aimed at renewable energy research. I am also keen on establishing industry partnerships, given the project's relevance to current energy challenges and the potential for collaborative funding and technological exchange. Last but not least, I will seek conference grants to present my research findings, which can lead to further academic collaborations and additional funding opportunities."

Notice how this answer mentions funding sources that align with the renewable energy focus of the project and the resources available at Stanford University.

9) Tell us about a time you experienced a setback

Focus on a situation relevant to your academic or research experience. Let's use a real-world example where a research experiment failed due to unexpected variables.

"During my Master’s thesis on the effects of soil composition on plant growth, I faced a major setback. My initial experiments, which involved growing plants in different soil types, failed to produce consistent results due to unanticipated environmental variations in the greenhouse. This was disheartening, especially as the deadline approached. However, I responded by reassessing my experimental setup. I consulted with my supervisor and decided to control more variables, such as humidity and temperature. I also refined my data collection methods to include more frequent soil and plant measurements. These adjustments led to more reliable results, and I successfully completed my thesis. This experience taught me the importance of adaptability in research and reinforced the value of meticulous experimental design."

This is a great answer because it shows how you’ve encountered and overcame a specific problem, demonstrating resilience and adaptability.

10) What are your strengths and weaknesses?

When answering this question, it's important to present a balanced view of yourself, showing self-awareness and a commitment to personal development. Choose strengths that are relevant to a PhD program and weaknesses that you're actively working to improve.

"One of my key strengths is my analytical thinking, which I demonstrated during my Master's project where I developed a novel algorithm for data analysis. This required me to not only understand complex theories but also apply them creatively to solve real-world problems. As for weaknesses, I sometimes struggle with overcommitment, taking on too many projects at once. This occasionally led to stress during my undergraduate studies. However, I am actively working on this by improving my time management skills and learning to prioritize tasks more effectively. I've started using project management tools and setting clear boundaries, which has already shown improvements in my workflow and stress levels."

This answer maintains a good balance between strengths and weaknesses. It also shows self-awareness, demonstrating a proactive approach to personal development.

11) Why have you chosen to study for a PhD at this university?

Mention specific aspects of the PhD program that attracted you. Explain how your research interests align with the work being done at the university.

"I am drawn to the PhD program in Astrophysics at Caltech due to its outstanding reputation in space research and the unparalleled resources available at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. My research interest lies in the study of exoplanets, and Caltech's active projects in this area, such as the Zwicky Transient Facility, align perfectly with my academic goals. The opportunity to work under the guidance of Professor [Name], known for pioneering work in exoplanetary atmospheres, is particularly exciting. Additionally, Caltech's collaborative environment and emphasis on interdisciplinary research are conducive to my professional growth, providing a platform to engage with experts from various fields in astrophysics."

This response directly connects your research interests with ongoing projects and facilities at Caltech. It also shows you’ve done your research on faculty members and their work.

12) What can you bring to this research group?

Focus on your unique skills, experiences, and perspectives that will contribute to the research group's success. Let's choose the field of Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University for this example.

"As a prospective member of the Biomedical Engineering research group at Johns Hopkins University, I bring a unique combination of skills and experiences. My expertise in microfluidics, honed during my Master’s research, aligns well with the group’s focus on developing lab-on-a-chip devices for medical diagnostics. I have also co-authored two papers in this field, demonstrating my ability to contribute to high-impact research. Additionally, my experience in a start-up environment, where I worked on developing portable diagnostic tools, has equipped me with a practical understanding of translating research into applications. I thrive in collaborative settings, often bringing interdisciplinary insights that foster innovative problem-solving. I am excited about the prospect of contributing to the group’s ongoing projects and introducing fresh perspectives to advance our understanding and application of biomedical technology."

This response shows your relevant expertise, ability to work in a team, and the unique perspectives you can offer, positioning you as a valuable addition to the research group.

13) Do you have any questions for us?

Asking good questions demonstrates your motivation. It also shows that you’ve given some genuine consideration to the project and/or program you’re applying to.

Some questions you can ask the interviewer include:

• What will the supervision arrangements be for the project?
• What kind of training and skills sessions are offered as part of the PhD program?
• How many other PhD students has this supervisor seen to completion?
• Are there any major developments or partnerships planned for the department?
• Are there likely to be any changes to the funding arrangements for the project?
• What opportunities will I have for presenting my research?

Remember: you’re a good student, with lots of potential. You’re considering at least three years of hard work with this university. You need to know that you’ll get on with your supervisor, that your work will be appreciated and that there are good prospects for your project.

What to wear to a PhD interview

Wear formal attire for a PhD interview. Your best bet is to wear a suit. A navy blue suit is the best and most versatile option. No matter your gender, a suit is always very professional.

For men, wear a suit with a tie, dress shirt, and dress shoes. For women, wear a suit (pantsuit or skirt suit) with a blouse, or conservative dress, and closed-toe shoes.

When in doubt, it’s better to be slightly overdressed than underdressed. The goal is to make a professional impression and feel confident, without your attire distracting from the conversation.

What to expect from a PhD interview

At its core, a PhD interview will consist of questions that allow your potential supervisors to get to know you better and have an understanding of what you’d like to study, why you’ve chosen your field of study, and whether you’d be a good fit for the PhD program.

You should expect general questions to help the interviewer get a sense of your likes and dislikes, and your overall personality.

Next, expect questions about your personal motivations for studying a PhD. Your interviewer will also be interested in any relevant experience you have to qualify you to study this PhD.

In the next section, expect questions about your PhD project. You should be prepared to discuss your project idea in detail and demonstrate to the interviewer that you are the ideal candidate.

Last but not least, the interviewer will discuss your future ambitions and give you an opportunity to ask questions. Remember that this interview goes both ways.

It’s important to ask the interviewer relevant questions to show your engagement and the serious consideration you are giving their program.

You are preparing to spend several years of your life at this school. Think about what is important to you and what would make or break your decision to attend this university.

Prepare a list of questions ahead of the interview.

Understanding the interviewer’s point of view

During a PhD interview, interviewers are typically looking for a range of traits that indicate whether you are well-suited for the rigors of a doctoral program and a research career.

These traits include:

Intellectual Curiosity and Passion: A strong enthusiasm for the subject area and a desire to contribute to and expand knowledge in the field.

Research Skills and Experience: Demonstrable skills in conducting research, including designing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. Prior research experience relevant to the PhD topic is often a plus.

Resilience and Perseverance: The capacity to handle setbacks and challenges, which are common in research, and to persist in the face of difficulties.

Collaboration and Teamwork: Although PhD research can be quite independent, the ability to work well with others, including advisors, faculty, and other students, is crucial.

Self-Motivation and Independence: The drive to work independently, manage one's own project, and stay motivated over the long term.

Fit with the Program: Alignment of the candidate’s research interests and goals with the strengths and focus of the PhD program and faculty.

These traits not only indicate your readiness for a PhD program but also your potential to contribute meaningfully to their field of study and succeed in a research-oriented career.

Related posts:

• University Interview Questions (16 Questions + Answers)
• Project Manager Interview Questions (14 Specific Questions + Answers)
• Strength-Based Interview Questions (21 Questions + Answers)
• Engineering Interview Questions (15 Questions + Answers)
• Business Analyst Interview Questions (17 Questions + Answers)

Reference this article:

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Keep up-to-date on postgraduate related issues with our quick reads written by students, postdocs, professors and industry leaders.

Questions to Ask During Your PhD Interview

• By Zebastian D.
• August 22, 2020

As someone applying for PhD positions, you’ll no doubt be thinking of and preparing for the interview with your potential supervisor(s). You’re absolutely right to be doing this and planning your answers to some of the PhD interview questions that they’ll probably ask you; make sure you’ve read our guide on this to help you prepare.

Remember though that the PhD student-supervisor relationship works both ways; as much as the potential supervisor is interviewing you for a PhD position within their lab, you should also have the mindset that you’re also interviewing the professor for the role of supervisor, and be ready to ask questions! Ultimately the key thing you want to know after your PhD interview is you are both a good fit for each other.

With that in mind, I’ve prepared a common list of questions that you should consider asking to help you decide if the supervisor and the research lab is the right fit for you. You don’t need to ask all these questions but instead use this list as a guide for picking what feels most important to you.

I should also note that some of the answers to these questions can usually be found through a quick Google search of the potential supervisor or looking at their university profile. So do think about which questions in particular you want to bring up in person at the PhD interview.

Now on to the questions….

How many PhD students have you supervised previously, and did they all gain their PhDs?

You’re asking this to firstly work out how experienced the professor is at supervising students, based purely on the numbers previously supervised. The reason to ask the second question of how many students gained PhDs is to get an idea of the supervisor’s track record of successful supervision. The lower the percentage of students that went onto complete their PhD under his or her supervision (and not leave the program early ), the more alarm bells that should be ringing for you. This of course shouldn’t be your only data point in the decision-making process, and you should try and find out more about why those that left their PhD program before completion, did so. Equally it’s also a possibility that some students have been successful in their PhD research in spite of a supervisor’s lack of support. A good way to get a truer sense of this is by speaking to the supervisor’s current and past students.

Whilst a supervisor’s successful track record can be reassuring, don’t be put off if they haven’t supervised many (or even any) students before, particularly if they’re still fairly new in the job. There are many other ways in which you can get a sense of the supervisor-student fit.

How many years does a PhD project usually take in your lab?

If you’re in the UK, a full time PhD should normally take you 3-4 years to complete , as reflected by most funding grants for PhD research being for this time frame. You want to know and have some reassurance that most students in this lab do finish within this time frame. Asking this question will also help you better understand the supervisor’s attitude towards completion time frames; is this someone that would have no issue with a student that’s been working on their PhD for 6 years or are they driven to help students complete ‘on time’.

What are the key milestones for progression that you expect from students?

This is a good follow on from the previous question. Some supervisors can be very ‘hands off’ and set no expectations on their students about deliverables and if this is the type of student-supervisor relationship you’re after (which some are), then perfect!

However, whilst a PhD project is an independent body of work, that doesn’t mean you have to do it in isolation. Having a supervisor that also acts as a mentor is important; a key aspect of this is to help keep you on track to complete your project ‘in time’, which is most effectively done using regular milestones.

The actual milestones will vary between supervisors but what you’re looking for in their response is some indication that they’ve actually thought about them. Examples of milestones may be the completion of the literature review within the first 6 weeks of starting, first experimental data captured by month 3 and first paper published by the time you end year 1.

How many other students do you supervise?

You ideally don’t want your supervisor to have too many (>5) other PhD students under his or her supervision at any one time, simply because of the dilution of their time that will naturally occur. Being part of an active research lab is a big advantage however, so you don’t necessarily want to be the only student under their supervision either. Remember that the professor may also be responsible for several Master’s and undergraduate students too so you just need to know what to realistically expect from him in terms of available time to meet with you regularly.

How often do you meet with your PhD students?

You don’t want a supervisor that’s too prescriptive in how you run your project, but you do want someone who you know you can rely on to meet with regularly. Some professors set weekly one-on-one or group research meetings that occur at the same time, day and venue; you know exactly what you’re getting here. Others tend to meet less frequently but still at regular intervals. A good balance would be to have catch up meetings every 2 weeks but it’s important to know upfront what the expectations are from both sides about how often to meet.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

How flexible is the direction of the PhD project?

At the PhD level of higher education, the supervisor is there to provide mentorship and guidance to help you avoid going in a completely wrong direction with your research. You should however expect to have the freedom to take your project in any direction you want to (within reason). This should be the case even if it means deviating from the original research questions that were proposed at the start; you and your supervisor should be in agreement before you start about how much flexibility there can be. Remember too that sometimes the project may have to stay closely aligned to the original plan if it’s required by the industry funder, so this decision may be out of the supervisor’s hands to some extent.

What funding is available for this project?

You should know by the time you come to interview if the project is to be self-funded or if there is specific funding associated with it. It may feel like an awkward question to ask but you need to be very clear on how much of a living stipend you should expect and if there is any additional funding for things such as conference travel, paying for journal publication fees or other bench fees; you don’t want any unpleasant surprises about finances when you’ve already started the PhD.

Do you expect there to be any changes in funding during the course of the project?

Specifically, you want to find out if there’s any risk that the funding associated with the project could be removed. Most often, funding bodies don’t transfer the entire monetary amount of the agreed funding up front in one lumpsum (which can be in excess of £75,000 for a 3-year studentship). Instead, payments are made in instalments and may be done so on the basis that certain milestones are met. For industry funded projects, for example, there may be a service work element (such as specialist analysis using university-based equipment) associated with the funding which will need to be delivered on time for the university to continue to receive money. In reality a complete loss of funding is unlikely to happen, but you should find out if this is at all a possibility of happening.

What is the source of the funding?

It’s important for you to understand how your project will be funded. As discussed in the previous question, the specific funder may place certain requirements on the university that need to be fulfilled to receive the funds. Don’t let this put you off applying or even impact your decision to take on the specific project, but it’s an important factor to be aware of.

Are there any opportunities to earn additional money as a PhD student?

Even if you will receive a stipend during the course of your research project, it comparatively won’t be a lot of money to live on. If you want it, the opportunity to earn extra money can make a big difference in managing your finances. This may in the form of one day/week working as a research technician or paid work preparing and delivering lectures to undergraduate students. It’s useful to know if these opportunities will exist to help you manage your expectations about your finances. Make sure you don’t let yourself feel obligated to take on this additional work however, even if it is paid; the priority will be ensuring your research progresses on schedule.

Will I have the opportunity and be expected to publish papers?

In the UK there is no requirement for you to have published any journal papers before you are awarded a PhD. Doing so however can go some way towards making your final viva that much easier, and also giving you a ‘head-start’ on your publication track record if you continue on into academia after your PhD.

You should get a sense of if your potential supervisor sees an opportunity for you to publish your research, if this is something that you want to do. Equally you should be aware of the supervisor’s expectations about publishing to avoid any potential conflict between your supervisor wanting you to publish work during your PhD and you wanting to wait until you’re in the post-doc stage before writing papers.

How many papers have previous PhD students published with you?

Knowing the answer to this should give you a good idea about the expectations and opportunities of publishing papers during your PhD. It’s certainly a positive sign to know that previous students have successfully published their research and is often a sign of a good supervisory system being in place.

How often does your research group present at academic conferences?

Having the opportunity to present your research at an academic conference is a key experience to have obtained during your time as a PhD student. Some supervisors actively encourage this and ensure that all funding applications include allocations for paying for conference related fees. Others are less convinced about the value of students going to conferences, particularly due to the additional expense of doing so, and may therefore not be as supportive of conference participation.

It’s useful to know what the norm is within the supervisor’s research group so that there are no surprises further down the line.

Is there funding support available for attending conferences?

Again, to be clear on expectations of funding and support for conference attendance, you should find out if there are funds specifically allocated for this purpose. If there aren’t, does the supervisor actively provide support to their students in applying for additional funding for this?

Are there courses and training sessions available for PhD students?

Find out if there are extra resources available to you should you want to use them. For example, do the supervisors students go on paper writing courses, or workshops on how to perform literature reviews? There are lots of new things that you’ll be doing during your PhD, especially at the beginning so it’s good to know that there’s external help available if and when you need it.

What are your past PhD graduates doing now?

This is an interesting one to find out from the supervisor. Are most of their graduates continuing their career development within academia or have many moved into industry work or even to a field completely different to their area of research? Ideally, you’d want this to align with your own career options. If most PhD holders have gone into industry whereas you want to pursue an academic career, you should try and find out why they ended up leaving academia. For example, did these graduates initially have aspirations of becoming professors themselves but were not able to do so or does your particular field normally open up more opportunities within industry?

What kind of support do you or the university provide for helping with jobs after?

In particular, what role does the supervisor play in helping their recent PhD graduates find their next job role? Do they have any connections within industry that they’d be able to help you network with? Or have any of their past PhD students stayed on in the lab as post-docs and are there resources in place for you to potentially do the same?

Will there be opportunities to teach undergraduate students?

The opportunity to give lectures to undergraduate students or lead tutorials with them can be a good way to earn some extra money during your PhD (note though that not all universities/departments formally pay PhD students to do this). Getting teaching experience is also important if you’re planning on continuing on down an academic career path at a university so it’s useful if you can gain some of this during your PhD.

Do you as a lab do any team activities together?

This will help you get a sense of the environment you’ll be working in for at least the next three years. Is this a lab with several PhD students and post-docs that make up an active ‘research family’? Does the team ever go out for lunch together or day trips away together to unwind? This can be a great way to build a sense of comradery in a research job that can often feel like you’re working alone in. Some supervisors actively encourage and get involved in nurturing a team environment whilst others are more hands-off, leaving the students to do their own thing.

What is the work environment like? Do students work in a shared office space?

Be clear on what your daily workspace will be like at the lab and university. Do all PhD students sit together in an open space or are there smaller office spaces for one or two students to work in? Some people prefer the buzz of an open space whilst others like the quiet of lone working. Either way, you should know what your work environment will look like for the next three years and plan accordingly (e.g. buy some noise cancelling headphones if you need some quite time in the open plan office).

I’ve given you a number of different questions to think about and ask your potential supervisor at your PhD interview. Not all of them may be relevant, or even appropriate to ask, so do think carefully about which ones you do want to bring up at the interview and which answers you could find out independently by either speaking to other students or looking online. Your research project and your experiences at the university will be so much more enjoyable if you can make sure you and your supervisor are a good fit for each other. The best way to do this is to ask questions!

Thinking about applying to a PhD? Then don’t miss out on these 4 tips on how to best prepare your application.

PhD stress is real. Learn how to combat it with these 5 tips.

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Your PhD Interview: How to Prepare and Not Stress

Congratulations! If you’re reading this, you probably have an interview for a PhD Program. Even if you don’t, maybe you’re just trying to get prepared for when you do. Either way, PhD interviews can feel like a big deal. If you want to nail your PhD interview, here are some tips of things you should do and things you shouldn’t do for your interview to have smooth sailing.

Things to Do

There is no one hundred percent sure fire method to make sure you have the perfect interview. After all, each institution and each interviewer are different and have different goals for incoming students. While one hundred percent is not possible, there are many things you can do to get pretty darn close. (If you find this blog post helpful, you should check out this one on what does getting an interview mean for your PhD). Here is a list of Interview Dos.

You should check out this video on the number one question you will be asked in a PhD Interview:

Get to Know Your Interviewer

This step is only possible if you’ve been notified ahead of time, but most institutions will let you know who is going to be interviewing you. If you know your interviewer, learn what their current research is on and read some of the papers they have published. It would be good to be familiar with the research or ideas they are famous for. Read enough so you can generally understand them in terms of interest and what they’re looking for.

One purpose of doing background research is so you can build a connection with your interviewer. Learning their interests will make it easier for you to start conversations and build good rapport. The interviewer might also find it flattering if you mention it. Showing interest also shows that you are serious about pursuing your higher education and suggests that you would fit in well with their current string of research. Check out this video on the best interview tip to do well:

Reading the work of your interviewer will also help you know if the institution would be a good fit for you research wise. If their papers do not interest you, it can give you an idea if the program would be able to accommodate your academic interests.

Engage Your Interviewer

Everyone likes to feel appreciated and be flattered. If there are topics you can discuss that will make your researcher feel good about themselves, then the interviewer will feel more at ease with you. However, be careful with praising and flattering them because too much flattery can be a turn off. Try to bring up topics that shows them that you can help them look progressive in the research field.

You can also engage the interviewer by bringing questions related to the program and asking them about them. Bringing questions not only shows that you are looking at the world and working to be a problem solver. It also lets your interviewer think and share opinions with you, which allows them to open up and makes it easier to build rapport. Giving them an opportunity to contribute to great research ideas will also help the interviewer to feel important, which makes them feel appreciated.

Dress Appropriately

When you’re interviewing for a PhD interview, you want to put your best foot forward, both with your resume and with your appearance. However, you also don’t want to go over the top. Aim for a business/professional appearance.

For males, this will typically be a full suit with a solid colored shirt and a tie. You’ll want to avoid a black suit because black suits are a bit overly formal. However, also avoid patterned suits that attract attention. While it’s great to have personality, the interview is also a place for you to show you understand the level of scholastic achievement you are pursuing. A bright purple shirt with a dark green suit is overly distracting and will distract the interviewer from what you have to say.

For females, it is best to dress in professional business attire, whether this be a pantsuit or a blouse, skirt combo or a business style dress. It is also important to wear clothing that is not overly revealing. Clothes with attention grabbing patterns or colors are also best to avoid. Again, you want the attention of the interviewer to be on what you are saying, not on what you are wearing.

Overall, it is best to dress more conservatively. If you have tattoos, it is best to read you audience. It used to be good practice to cover up the tattoo, but a lot of interviewers don’t have strong opinions regarding them nowadays. However, if you have a tattoo that people typically find distracting, it would be best to cover it up.

In regard to footwear, make sure your shoes are comfortable to walk in. Some interviews might include a campus tour. For men, wearing appropriate shoes should be relatively easy. For women, it is either best to wear flats or make sure you know the itinerary for the interview if you’re going to wear heels.

Proper Technology Etiquette

When you are in the interview, make sure that your phone is tucked away in a place that you won’t have access to it while you are interviewing. Using your phone in an interview is bad decorum and most interviewers will find it plain rude.

In the age of Skype and Zoom interviews, proper etiquette can look a little bit different. There is a greater tendency to slack off on some of the important interview etiquette that is less noticeable. When you are interviewing virtually, you should still be properly dressed for the interview. Be wearing pants or bottom apparel to avoid any awkward situations where your underwear is shown. Wearing a complete outfit also shows the interview committee that you are serious about the interview and about their school.

The same standard as your dress code applies to the background for your virtual interview. Avoid backgrounds that are flashy and/or distracting. Stick to a more conservative background that will allow the interviewer to focus on you. If possible, get a background that will not cause your face to blur in the middle of the interview.

Try to keep any distracting personal items out of the camera’s view. If you’ve got a really funny but slightly inappropriate picture of you and your friends from spring break on your desk, remove the picture for the interview process. Also, such as is the proper etiquette with your phone, don’t look at other applications on your computer during your interview. Such action is rather rude and sure to make your interviewer feel ignored. The one exception might be note taking applications if you want to take notes.

If you have Zoom interviews, you should really watch this useful video on Zoom interview tips:

Be Nice to Everyone

It is best to avoid rude behavior in general. When you are interviewing, you should be on your best behavior and be as kind as possible to everyone. Sometimes, people that might seem unrelated to the interview are actually tasked with checking your behavior. For example, someone who might take you on a tour of the school or the city might be reporting back to the school on your behavior. In order to avoid any awkward assumptions about your personality, just strive to be kind to everyone you meet.

Here is a great video on how to deal with the “tell me about yourself question.”

If the interviewers or related parties take you on tours or share a lot of information with you, consider bringing pen and paper with you to take notes. Laptops can be used too, but make sure you don’t access anything other than note taking programs. Many interviewers will find an attempt to take notes a plus. It also leads the interview committee to see you are studious.

Ask Questions

While it might seem a little intimidating to ask your interviewer questions, most interviewers actually welcome them. Asking questions gives you two benefits. Firstly, asking questions shows the interviewer that you are interested in either the program or their personal points of view, which shows that you are truly interested in pursuing a PhD at their school. Secondly, asking question will give the interviewer an opportunity to open up more, which will make them easier to talk to. (Are you interested in the knowing what the average PhD Program acceptance rate is? Check this blog post out.)

Just like there are several things you can do to have a good interview, there are also many things you should avoid doing that will make your interview go more smoothly.

Avoid the Deadpan Look

Sometimes you might ask a question that the interviewer is not interested in. You also might just get an interviewer that is not very engaged in the interviewing process. If you’re getting a deadpan look from what you’re talking about, change the topic. Don’t pursue a topic that the interviewer isn’t interested in.

Business Cards

Business cards are not needed for grad school interviews. While the corporate world likes to share business cards, the academic sector is a little bit different. You are usually connected to an institution, so finding you isn’t hard. If you give a business card to your interviewer, it is more likely to end up in the trash than their wallet.

No one likes someone with attitude. If you come off as condescending or arrogant, the interviewers will feel put off from your interview. Even if you are really smart, you’re probably being interviewed by someone just as smart if not smarter than you. Also, most of the interviewers are well known in their field and they will expect the respect their station in life deserves. If your friends and/or family have told you that you have a certain character weakness, try to keep it in check.

Don’t Talk About Consulting In The Future

If you are planning to do something else besides being dedicated to research with your degree, don’t talk about that with your interviewer. Your interviewers are almost obsessed with their research and knowing that you aren’t very interested in research and are looking to go into consulting or some other line of work after your degree can be a bit of a turn off.

Don’t Oversell Yourself

There is such a thing as too much self-promotion. While it’s important that you show your good points, no one wants to sit and listen to someone they barely met talk about themselves for the whole interview time. Having a conversation in what the interviewer is currently researching or interested in is a better use of your interview time than talking about your accomplishments endlessly.

Along with not overselling yourself, it’s important to not act like you know what the interviewer is talking about when you don’t. It’s okay to ask questions about what the interviewer is talking about if you don’t understand. Most interviewers are happy to educate you during the interview.

Don’t Be A Robot

Your emotional expression during your interview can be a tricky business. However, don’t try to hide all of your emotions during the interview. Try your best just to be yourself. No one really wants to work with a robot. However, if you are an extremely emotional person that cries at the drop of a hat, then consider holding a little bit back.

There is a slight need to maintain balance with your emotional level, but the interviewers invited you to interview because they want to get to know you. If you aren’t showing the true version of you, or at least a mostly accurate version, the interviewer will probably be able to tell you’re holding back, which could make them feel awkward. Aim to put your best foot forward, but make sure it’s still your foot and not a robot’s.

Mental Preparedness

One of the most important things you can do when preparing for an interview is making sure you are mentally prepared. Most people get extremely nervous or anxious when they are getting ready for an interview. The biggest point you should take away from this article is THAT’S OKAY. There is nothing wrong with being nervous, anxious, or scared before your big interview. It is a natural bodily response, and you should see it as such.

Don’t see your emotional stress as something to be ashamed of or concerned about. The more you recognize that these feelings will pass, the easier it will be to prepare for your interview. There are multiple things you can do to help calm your nerves and be mentally prepared for your interview.

Think Big Picture

You might have a dream PhD program you’re trying to get into. Or maybe you’ve only had one call back and are worried that this is your one shot to go to grad school. Even if you’re in such a situation, try to remember the big picture. The worst case scenario is that your interview doesn’t go well, and you don’t get into the program. However, that’s just this year at this school at this particular time. Life will go on.

Try living in the present and not in the future. Think instead, wow, I got an interview! That already is an amazing accomplishment. And, even if you don’t get into the program this year, there are still other years you can apply. Many great and accomplished people did not succeed the first time they tried something. Thomas Edison had to try hundreds of times before inventing the lightbulb. If you think about the big picture and how there’s always going to be another kind of opportunity, you won’t be as stressed.

Check out this amazing blog post about not losing faith in yourself.

Look on The Bright Side

Even if you don’t get accepted to the PhD program, every interview is an opportunity to build relationships. In the academic community, it is quite common to build relationships from one time meetings. These relationships often lead to working relationships later on. So, even if you don’t necessarily get accepted from your interview, you’re quite likely to meet someone or even a few people that you’ll be able to work with or possibly work for later on.

Interviews Aren’t Game Changers

For the most part, most institutions have looked through the applications for their programs and have chosen who they think is going to be a good fit. The interview serves more as a screening procedure to make sure you would fit into the program. Most of the hard work came before the interview. Do, viewing the interview less as a game changer and more as a procedure of applying will allow you to be more relaxed.

The Interview Does Not Define You

Often people feel like the interview is going to define them. Having one bad interview can cause people to give up on grad school altogether. Realize that your interview DOES NOT DEFINE YOU. Plenty of people don’t have great PhD interviews but still end up attending great universities and go on to have illustrious careers in their chosen fields. If you are struggling with interviews, check out this blog post on dealing with rejection in academia.

This point relates somewhat back to thinking big picture. One interview should not ruin the rest of your life, so don’t let it. Think instead, I’ll try my best, and if it doesn’t work out, oh well. I’m still me and I’m still awesome and I can always try again. You can also see it as an opportunity to go forth and show the institution what they missed out on.

In Conclusion

Having an interview for a PhD program is a big deal. It might even feel like a once in a lifetime opportunity. While it is important to be diligent and prepare for the interview as much as possible, it’s also important to remember that a PhD interview is just one step in your process of getting higher education. Do not let the interview pull you down emotionally or mentally. Remain calm and remember how awesome you are and let them see it too.

This post was written by grad student on behalf of Dave Maslach for the R3ciprocity project (Check out the  YouTube Channel  or the  writing feedback software ). R3ciprocity helps students, faculty, and research folk by providing a real and authentic look into doing research. It provides solutions and hope to researchers around the world.

If you are interested in more posts like this, check out:

Feeling Guilty for Not Doing Anything As An Academic? Don’t.

Striving in Your Career: Challenges and Opportunities of Always Striving for More at Work and the Benefits of Emotional Intelligence

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Introduce yourself in a PhD interview (4 simple steps + examples)

The opening of an application interview for a PhD position usually starts with short introductions of everyone participating in the conversation. Many applicants wonder how to best introduce themselves in a PhD interview. Four simple steps (including examples) help you to develop a powerful self-introduction .

Introductions in a PhD interview

On the other hand, you may feel much more vulnerable during an interview than when sending a carefully crafted application letter.

A self-introduction summarises who you are and why you want the PhD position. A powerful self-introduction can set the tone for the whole interview.

If you are unprepared, there is a risk of going in all directions when it is your turn to introduce yourself. It may throw you off and make you extra nervous for the remainder of the interview.

What to do in a PhD interview introduction

What not to do in a phd interview introduction.

Several things are best to be avoided when you introduce yourself in a PhD interview:

Step 1: State your full name

Step 2: Give a brief overview of your educational (and professional) background

Therefore, it is useful to provide a brief summary of your educational background. Those who have work experience also benefit from including it.

Step 3: Explain why you are interested in the PhD position

Step 4: thank everyone for the opportunity to be interviewed.

The final step is to thank everyone for the opportunity to be interviewed. Be gracious and polite, and express your enthusiasm for the interview. This will create a comfortable atmosphere in which questions can be freely asked and answered.

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Top 10 PhD Interview Questions

So, you’ve been invited for a PhD interview. Congratulations! This means that the admission committee thinks you are qualified and capable of doing a PhD at their university. The interview will allow the committee to determine if you’re a good fit, and you have the motivation and drive to complete a doctorate. While you cannot predict the exact questions you will be asked, certain topics are almost inevitable. Here are ten common PhD interview questions.

1. Tell us about yourself

This is a popular opener for just about any type of interview. It’s meant to be an easy icebreaker, but that doesn’t mean there isn’t a wrong answer. Make sure to your response is relevant to the context of a PhD interview. Talk about your academic background, motivation, and interests. You don’t have to get into the details at this point, just give an overview.

2. Why do you want to do a PhD?

This is another straightforward question that doesn’t have a straightforward answer. A PhD is a big undertaking and you’ll have to be driven to see it though. Your answer should address your motivation for doing a PhD in a way that conveys your passion and enthusiasm for the subject.

3. Why are you interested in this program?

What drew you to this program and this school? Does it have a unique feature or take a different approach than other programs? Are there certain professors you are interested in working with? Your answer to this questions shows you have done some research and are ready to engage in the department. It’s also an opportunity to demonstrate that you don’t just want a PhD, you want one from this school.

4. What experience makes you a good candidate?

Yes, the interviewer has read your CV, but this question allows you to draw their attention to specific qualifications or skills that might not be obvious from just your resume. Talk about courses you have taken that have taught you the necessary skills for graduate work or give examples of past research experience from your Bachelor’s or Master’s.

5. How did you develop this proposal?

There are no trick questions here. The interviewer wants to see that you are engaged with the field and spent some time preparing your proposal. Take them through your thought process and discuss the background reading and research you did. What other approaches did you consider before deciding on this one? What will your project contribute to the field?  

6. What difficulties would you expect to encounter during this project?

No matter how carefully you plan, no project goes off without a hitch. Be honest about where you see potential difficulties, but more importantly discuss how you plan to work through them.

7. What are your strengths and weaknesses?

Another classic interview question, and one you definitely don’t want to be answering off the top of your head. Pick a strength that is relevant to this position and then give a few examples of how you have used it well. When it comes to choosing a weakness, be truthful and then (using examples again) talk about how you have been working to overcome it.

8. Tell us about a time you experienced a setback

The next three to six years of your PhD won’t be smooth sailing. You are likely to hit many snags along the way. The interviewer wants to know you are resourceful and can handle these setback. Try to think of an academic challenge you have had to overcome rather than a personal one.

9. What are your future career plans?

This is another way to suss out your motivations for doing a PhD and see if you have given a thought to what comes after your doctorate. How will a PhD help you achieve your future goals? Someone with a clear goal in mind is likely to be more committed to doing a PhD. For many, the goal will be to pursue an academic career, in which case this is an opportunity to show you understand the academic career path.

10. Do you have any questions for us?

Remember that this interview goes both ways. It is important that you have some questions to ask the interviewer to show your engagement and the serious consideration you are giving their program. You are preparing to spend several years of your life at this school. Think about what is important to you and what would make or break your decision to attend this university. Prepare a list of questions ahead of the interview.

The interview is your time to shine, and being prepared will allow you to do just that.

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Job Interview Etiquette: 8 Tips to Impress Employers

You passed the first test: your resumé made it to the top of the pile . Now your dream employer has called and asked you for an interview.

Given the rising adoption of technology and the shift toward remote work, your interview can take place in one of several different formats, including in-person, over the phone, or virtually. The format of the meeting will likely impact how you prepare yourself to make a good impression. For example, a virtual job interview might require you to test your computer system in advance, or you might prepare a note sheet to keep handy during a phone interview . While these steps are likely unnecessary for an in-person interview, there are several ways you can prepare yourself to put your best foot forward.

As the adage goes, “You only get one chance to make a first impression.” But how do you ensure your first impression is enough to win employers over? Here are eight tips to help you brush up on the basics of in-person job interview etiquette.

How to Impress in a Job Interview

1. do your research..

You should be able to repeat the company’s mission, key players, and latest accomplishments before you walk in for the interview. Take time to review the employer’s website and Google who you’ll be interviewing with, so you can ask more targeted questions. Not only will that prove you pay attention to detail, but the more you know about the person sitting across from you, the less likely a lull in the conversation.

2. Dress professionally .

In general, it’s better to overdress than underdress. No matter how informal the company’s culture seems, a well-tailored suit or dress is always a safe bet. How often have you heard an employer complain about how put together a job candidate looked?

3. Arrive on time.

Arriving on time for an in-person interview is imperative to making a positive first impression. Even if you are familiar with the location of the interview, give yourself plenty of time for travel. 

Especially if you aren’t familiar with the area that you’ll be traveling to, anticipate getting lost to avoid the stress of potentially being late. Build in an extra 30 minutes to get to the interview and plan ahead for traffic jams, difficulty finding parking, delays in public transportation, or the building being harder to find than you originally thought. Being five minutes early will allow you to compose yourself, but being five minutes late could ruin your chances.  

4. Limit distractions.

During the interview process, it’s critical that you give the interviewer your full attention and limit any distractions that might get in the way. One of the most important steps in doing so is to turn your cell phone off—all the way off. If you want the employer to contact you again, don’t let yourself get distracted by whoever is trying to contact you during the interview.

5. Pay attention to body language .

People can learn a lot about each other through their body language. In order to make a strong first impression, be mindful of the messages that your body language is communicating with the interviewer. 

When you begin the interview, start with a firm handshake. A firm handshake shows authority and sets the tone for the rest of the interview. Pair it with eye contact and a smile if you want the interviewer to know you’re confident in your ability to tackle the job. The limper the handshake, the more timid you’ll come across.

Throughout the interview, make sure that you sit up straight, keep your head high, and sync your movements with your words. You’ll appear assured, which is what employers want in a new hire.

6. Have answers to questions you know will be asked.

Employers tend to have a must-ask list of interview questions . Some to prepare for include:

• Why did you leave your last job?
• What are your biggest strengths and weaknesses?
• Why should we hire you?
• Where do you see yourself in five years?

Jot down your responses and practice saying them in the mirror, so you feel more comfortable and confident in the actual interview.

If you are applying for a position at a larger national or regional company, it may also be possible to find commonly asked interview questions online. Consider doing a quick Google or Glassdoor search for “interview questions for [employer]” and see if anything comes up. If so, it can be a good idea to prepare for any questions that seem to be common.

7. Ask informed questions.

Any good interviewer will ask, “What questions do you have?” Through this, the hiring manager can gain a better sense of how well you know the company, understand the role, and have an interest in working there. Keep at least five questions in your back pocket, such as:

• What is the company culture like?
• What are some of the biggest challenges facing the company currently?
• What would you say has been the company’s biggest success so far this year?
• What is your favorite part about working here?
• What opportunities are there for professional development?

Not only will these questions help you learn about the company and your potential role, but it will also show the hiring manager that you have a genuine interest in the company.

Learn More: 10 Questions to Ask During Your Next Job Interview

8. Follow up.

Send an email and handwritten thank you note to everyone you interviewed with. Although snail mail sounds outdated, it shows you’re willing to go the extra mile and reaffirms your interest in the position.

Learn More: How to Follow Up After an Interview

Putting Your Best Foot Forward

Preparing to meet hiring managers for in-person interviews can feel intimidating, especially if you’re being considered for a position that aligns with your personal and professional goals. Fortunately, taking a bit of time to brush up on your interview etiquette and prepare yourself for the meeting can help you feel more confident and position you to make a winning first impression. 

For additional interview tips, explore our other posts from our career advice archives , including “ 8 Tips for Successfully Starting a New Job ” and “ How to Explain the Gaps on Your Resumé . ”  

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Phd enquire etiquette

(Europe, mostly France) I have come across a few funded phd thesis positions where the application instructions are to email your cover letter and CV to the professor in charge, sometimes asking for reference contact info. I have emailed several of these professors asking if they could set up some time to chat before I send in a formal application, as I would like to ask questions to make sure it is right for me. I have not gotten very many responses back, despite being fairly qualified (in my opinion). Is it rude or out of the ordinary to ask to chat before applying?

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Florida State University

FSU | Department of History

Department of History

Navigating dissertation and career: reflections on a journey in history by dave lunger, ph.d. 2024.

I would categorize my approach to earning my Ph.D. as nonstandard at best, and it stems from my lifelong interest in Military History. During my military career, I read anything I could get my hands on that helped me draw parallels of military science across the spectrum of conflict. This started as an undergraduate when I read The Life of Reason, or The Phases of Human Progress, written by Spanish-American philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist George Santayana. In Volume I: Introduction and Reason in Common Sense, Santayana stated, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Winston Churchill repeated this phrase in a 1948 speech to the British House of Commons when he said, “Those that fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” Those words inspired me to learn as much as I could from others' past mistakes. I digested, absorbed, and analyzed major military conflicts across history and was keen to discover what separated history's greatest military leaders from everyone else.

After being commissioned in the United States Air Force, my reading covered a broad spectrum of military operations ranging from the bronze age to the modern age. I was fascinated with the history of Alexander’s Balkan, Persian, and Indian Campaigns; the Punic, Gallic, and Ceasar’s Civil Wars; the Norman Conquest; the Crusades; the Thirty Years War; English Civil Wars; the War of the Spanish Succession; the Seven Years’ War; The American Revolutionary War; the Napoleonic Wars; the American Civil War; the Franco-Prussian War; and World War I and II. My interests drove me to complete my M.A. in Military Science with a thesis on the Second Punic War in 2004. I used my understanding of Military History in various positions in the USAF to develop tactics and strategy while teaching in the United States Air Force Weapons School, and this sparked a desire to continue my education.

On Friday, 30 September 2016, I retired from the United States Air Force after twenty-seven years of service.  I felt it was time to do something else with my life as I was now half a century old. What I had always wanted to do but never had had the opportunity to do was to get my Ph.D. in military history. I was not driven by any grand design to enter academia; I was doing it for personal growth. I have always believed that modern strategic thought can trace its roots back to the Napoleonic Wars; every strategic planning course I took in the Air Force encouraged reading Clausewitz and Jomini, and I wanted to understand this genesis better, so I planned to pursue a Ph.D. in Napoleonic History. In a search for universities specializing in the period, Florida State University quickly vaulted to the top of the list of prospective schools. So, I applied, and after being accepted, I began pursuing a doctoral degree.

While pursuing my degree, I was offered a position at FSU as the Director of Project Management at the world-acclaimed National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. I direct the project management functions of the MagLab and facilitate the definition of project missions, goals, tasks, and resource requirements so that the lab can offer a suit of high powered magnets more than a million times more powerful than the Earth’s magnetic field to answer fundamental questions across scientific disciplines that impact our world. The high magnetic fields generated by our magnets are used to probe matter and uncover unique properties. The scientific research at the MagLab is leading to big discoveries in tomorrow’s quantum technologies, combatting climate change, protecting human health, enabling the magnet-based machines of the future, paving the way to new energy solutions, and solving the mysteries of the universe. It was an opportunity I could not turn down, and it meant that my academic pursuits took on a secondary priority.

One advantage I had was that I had completed my comprehensive exams before starting work for the MagLab. This meant I had already advanced to the dissertation phase as a doctoral candidate, so I only had to work on my dissertation which at this time was a study of Napoleonic heavy cavalry that compared Napoleon’s Imperial Guard Cavalry to England’s Household Brigade. Working full-time in a challenging setting made it difficult to focus on writing my dissertation, but I was determined to keep making progress. I used my time wisely and spent several years reading and researching until I had a coherent story to adapt to a research project. Once I started writing, I committed to writing one page a day until the dissertation was finished. This served me well until it became apparent that the scope of my dissertation would push the page total well over nine hundred pages. This forced me to scale back my original thesis. Downscaling my work was not all that difficult since I had taken the time to digest way more material than I could ever use. A completely different thesis emerged from this effort titled “Four Stuart Kings: Arbitrary Rule and The Origins of The Life Guards.” This new study traces the roots of the British Life Guards through the first four Stuart kings and illustrates that the Stuart interpretation of kingship, which emphasized the Divine Right of Kings, could only be implemented with the aid of a loyal contingent of Guards.

By committing myself to making progress over time made graduating a reality. Now that I have my degree, the question has been asked, “What do you plan to do with it?” I would be lying if I said I had no idea, but since I have already transitioned into a career field that I enjoy, it seems like there is little to do other than continue researching and writing about topics I like, but to what end? I was blessed in my Air Force career to be allowed to teach at the United States Air Force Weapons School, where I taught graduate-level instructor courses that provided our pilots with the world's most advanced training in weapons and tactics employment. This is where the teaching bug bit me, and I have always looked for teaching opportunities. At this stage of my career, I would be happy to continue in my current position and do some adjunct work to keep my mind in the game.

Completing my degree taught me a few lessons I would like to impart to anyone seeking an advanced degree while working. First and foremost, you need to stay committed. This was the most important thing for me as there were plenty of days that I had a full plate of activity, and writing one page of a dissertation just seemed like another task I could not get to in the limited time I had that day. Secondly, you must have a plan of action. While it is true that no plan survives first contact with the enemy, it should not keep you from making one. Having a plan allows you to make critical decisions when things don’t go your way, like I had to do when I descoped my research topic. Had I not invested the time and effort into reading and researching I would not have been able to pivot to a different thesis.

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A2i Immersion Week 2024 at NC State University: Bridging Academia and Industry

On June 24-27, NC State University held its signature A2i Immersion Week event, where 50 graduate students and postdoctoral scholars from across 24 different departments immersed themselves in an unparalleled experience designed to bridge the gap between academia and industry. The A2i Immersion Week provided a dynamic platform for these emerging professionals to explore their future careers in industry, guided by leading industry experts and supported by a robust lineup of sponsors— BASF , BD , Hitachi Energy , Milliken & Company , ParkerLORD , and Syngenta .

Over the course of four intensive days, participants delved into key topics essential for a successful transition from academic to industry roles. The agenda was packed with insights on Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in job searching, professionalism in the workplace, and the intricacies of strategy, vision, and teamwork within industry settings. A significant portion of the week focused on understanding the product life cycle, rotational programs, and navigating management and leadership tracks.

The week was greatly enhanced by the involvement of our six key sponsors. Each sponsor offered their unique perspective, with industry leaders leading presentations and participating in networking sessions throughout the event. This interaction not only provided participants with invaluable feedback and insights but also served as an excellent opportunity for companies to showcase their organizations. For graduate students, it was a chance to connect directly with potential roles and opportunities within these organizations, bridging the gap between academic training and real-world application.

Interactive Learning and Networking

One of the highlights of Immersion Week was the interdisciplinary case study that participants undertook. Divided into teams of varying majors, the scholars navigated through the stages of the product life cycle, applying their academic knowledge to practical industry scenarios. This hands-on experience allowed them to collaborate across disciplines, mirroring the real-world teamwork they’ll encounter in their careers.

In addition to the case study, participants refined their communication skills through personalized feedback on their elevator pitches, research pitches, and use of the STAR technique for interview questions. Our sponsors and campus partners were instrumental in this process, joining us to provide valuable insights and feedback. Their involvement was crucial in helping participants articulate their skills and experiences more effectively to future employers.

Another key highlight was the etiquette dinner held on Thursday evening. This event provided participants with a valuable opportunity to practice professional dining etiquette in a formal setting. The evening focused on the nuances of business dining, including table manners, conversation skills, and networking strategies. This experience was designed to help participants make a positive impression in future professional settings and enhance their overall professionalism.

The Career Fair: A Gateway to Opportunities

The culmination of A2i Immersion Week was the career fair held on Friday, June 28, which welcomed over 350 graduate students and postdocs from NC State University. Open to the entire graduate student body and postdoc community, the event featured 15 companies, including All4 , ARA , BASF , BD , EPRI , Hitachi Energy , M3 , Milliken & Company , ParkerLORD , Sandia National Laboratories , SANVEO , Syngenta , City of Clayton , US Army , and US Navy . The fair provided a valuable opportunity for participants to explore potential career paths and network with industry leaders. This successful career fair was made possible through a strong partnership with the university’s Career Development Center.

Feedback from attendees was overwhelmingly positive, with many considering Immersion Week one of the most impactful experiences of their graduate careers. One participant said:

It has been an amazing experience. Kudos to everyone involved. Most important workshop I’ve taken!

They appreciated the crucial insights and connections gained as they prepare to transition into industry roles. The program not only deepened their understanding of industry dynamics but also equipped them with the tools and confidence necessary for a successful career shift.

Looking Ahead

As the week wrapped up, the consensus was clear: A2i Immersion Week was a resounding success. The collaborative efforts of NC State University and its sponsors have continued to set a high standard for preparing graduate students and postdoctoral scholars for industry careers. The knowledge gained, connections made, and skills developed during this immersive experience will undoubtedly pave the way for the next generation of innovators and leaders.

A heartfelt thank you to our sponsors, speakers, and participants for making A2i Immersion Week an unforgettable and impactful event. We look forward to seeing the remarkable contributions these talented individuals will bring to the industry in the years to come.

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Gabby Thomas wins gold in 200, leading American track stars in final at Paris Olympics

SAINT-DENIS, France — The last time Gabby Thomas was at the Olympics , she was mostly there to have a good time. Then 24 years old, Thomas was competing in her first Games and learning on the fly.

But in Paris, she came for gold. And Tuesday night, she got it. 

In a rocking Stade de France bursting with more than 77,000 screaming fans, Thomas won the women’s 200-meter final, sprinting to the finish in 21.83. 

Thomas, 27, beat Julien Alfred of Saint Lucia (22.08) and Team USA’s Brittany Brown (22.20) who got silver, and bronze, respectively. Alfred won the 100 on Sunday evening, earning her country’s first-ever medal.

Thomas was in the lead as runners came around the curve, and looked in control the whole race. Her joy was evident as soon as she crossed the line first, screaming in celebration and overcome with emotion.

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“I’ve envisioned this race in my head so many times over and over, as I do with every race,” said a beaming Thomas. “That’s how I win races. But I did not expect to feel how I felt when I crossed that line. You prepare for this moment and train so hard for this moment but when it actually comes, it’s indescribable. 

“I never would have imagined in my wildest dreams that I would become an Olympic gold medalist and I am one. I’m still wrapping my head around that.”

Her secret to that strong, steady finish: pre-race burpees. Seriously. 

American McKenzie Long , who finished seventh (22.42), couldn’t believe it when Thomas started hopping up and down in the call room. 

Long wasn’t sure of Thomas’ reasoning but said “I’m gonna ask her.”

“I do it before every race in the call room, I do 10 because I need to keep my heart rate up,” Thomas said sheepishly. “It is really embarrassing but it clearly works."

It is Thomas’ second individual Olympic medal. She has a bronze from the Tokyo Olympics 200 final, as well as a silver from the 4x100 relay. She is expected to run on the 4x100 relay team in Paris, too. She said Tuesday that she also wants to run in the 4x400. 

It is also her first gold medal at any major world championship. Last year, at the 2023 World Championships, she took silver in the 200. 

“This is my favorite win, obviously,” Thomas said. “This is six years in the making. All of it was for this moment … I was prepared and mature and I was ready. It’s incredible.” 

Mission accomplished for Gabby Thomas with a GOLD medal in the 200m! #ParisOlympics pic.twitter.com/O7wQjNquCi — NBC Olympics & Paralympics (@NBCOlympics) August 6, 2024

At the U.S. track and field trials in Eugene, Oregon, Thomas said she thought hard about running the 200 and 400, but decided to focus on the 200 because she was so intent on winning gold in Paris. After she won the 200 title, she said she had no doubt she’d made the right decision. 

The women’s 200 marked the second race of the day where Team USA won a gold and bronze after Cole Hocker’s shocking kick that led to a 1,500 men’s victory. American Yared Nuguse took bronze in that race. 

Thomas joked afterward that she was so in the zone at the line “I blacked out for the race.” 

“I knew what I wanted to do: take the lead and finish strong,” she said. “It’s kind of like tunnel vision at that point. I got out of the blocks and I couldn’t tell you where anyone was. But I knew I was ready, I knew I trained for this. It’s the most bizarre feeling when you get into a flow … I wasn’t thinking about anything but getting to the finish line. As far as I was concerned, I was the only one in that race.”

In a sport desperate for star power, particularly as the U.S. prepares to host the 2028 Olympics in LA, Thomas oozes charisma. She delivers in pressure-packed environments, too, ideal for someone who could be the poster child of not only her event, but one of the most popular Olympic sports. 

As far as her competitors are concerned, she’s exactly what track needs. 

Said Long, who has gushed repeatedly about how much she admires Thomas: “She’s the female that needs to be in front of the track world.”

Tuesday night in Paris, she was. 

Email Lindsay Schnell at [email protected] and follow her on social media  @Lindsay_Schnell

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How to politely decline an interview for a PhD program?

I've applied to three US universities (A, B, C) for PhD programs. Universities A and B offered me interviews on two separate weekends, which I accepted. I then made travel arrangements with Universities A and B for interviews.

I was then offered an interview with University C on the same date as my University A interview. I asked C for an alternate date, which happened to be the same weekend as my interview with B. I informed C of this and gave them a list of dates that I was free to interview but was told that those were the only two dates possible at University C.

I asked A and B about changing my interview date but was told that I could not since travel arrangements had already been made (through the university/a university-sponsored travel agency).

Universities A and B are both higher on my list than University C, so I've decided to decline University C's interview.

How can I do this politely? I don't want to burn any bridges with University C.

Related question: What should be done about conflicting invitations for graduate school interviews?

• graduate-admissions

• 10 Is everyone kidding? Ask them (university C) for a phone/Skype/Google Hangouts interview. You don't have to decline. University C will understand. Try do something without having to travel there for the interview. Surely people in China and India don't fly in to universities for all their interviews. –  Alexander Mills Commented Dec 24, 2014 at 21:06
• 2 I don't get the point. How is asking this question even necessary? –  o0'. Commented Dec 25, 2014 at 16:34
• 2 An university is not your aunt Marge who's miffed because you didn't turn up for her 70th birthday. –  Karl Commented Mar 15, 2017 at 20:19

4 Answers 4

You have asked for an alternative interview date, gave them a list of options where you're available, and made efforts to reschedule conflicting appointments. I don't think there's anything more that could be expected of you, so it should not be perceived as impolite if you just inform University C that unfortunately you can't come to any of the two offered interview dates due to conflicting appointments. If you want, you can explicitly mention interviews at other universities - that will make it clear that you're genuinely interested in doing a PhD, and it will be understandable to most academics that everybody has a ranking of opportunities in such situations.

You could offer to retract your application, or state that you expect that they won't consider your application any further, but I don't think any of these would be required.

• 5 Instead of retracting the application, I would see if they are willing to do a remote interview instead. That worked for me and I ended up attending that school. –  user3288829 Commented Dec 24, 2014 at 18:30
• In some cases, the interview is for the school to get additional information about candidates that are near the decision boundary (and market themselves to the students). An application can sometimes proceed without that additional information and depending on e.g. the rest of the application and that year's admission pool/funding/etc., could still succeed. That won't happen if the application's retracted/withdrawn. +1 to your final point. –  WBT Commented Apr 6, 2016 at 19:04

They seem to have all the facts already. Just tell them that you had already made travel arrangements to visit A and B on the dates that C wanted you to come out, and that you have to regretfully decline to come to C. They're not going to be mad at you.

• 13 This is a good answer, honesty is the best policy, and the fact that you have done your best to make alternate arrangements will reflect well on you, should you need to go back to C at some point. –  Dikran Marsupial Commented Dec 22, 2014 at 14:12

I don't see any reason they would be upset by you telling the truth. In fact, trying to get too deep in explaining "why I am choosing to go to A and B instead of you" could potentially be more "offensive", if that's what you're worried about. Concerning politeness, I would call if possible; quickly, too. There's no reason to leave them waiting to hear back from you if the answer is 'no'!

Be short, sweet, and to the point.

"I am sorry to say that I won't be able to attend an interview on either of the dates provided. If a time comes up other than those provided, please let me know. I apologize for any inconvenience."

It's also possible to leave an opening for a possible interview with University C later that way.

• I agree with jaska & Dave. After all we are professionals, such things should be dealt in professional manner, no hard feelings would be taken if you express the same to them. –  sri Commented Apr 5, 2016 at 16:56

Personally, I would recommend simplicity and honesty. Tell them what you have told us: I’m sure they will understand your problem. They are people too.

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