essay on topic heritage of vietnam

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Vietnamese Heritage, Essay Example

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As any country in the world Vietnam has its own history, unique traditions, and people with their peculiar mentality. Vietnamese formation occurred under the influence of different countries in different historical periods. It was influenced greatly by China and France, two countries which during almost nine centuries one after another encroach upon today’s Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Vietnamese heritage consists of a large number of myths and legends, customs, ethnical music with its own unique instruments, dishes, clothes and art.

Main themes in Vietnamese myths and legends are love, family, nature and morale. A special place is given to the symbolism of a sword. These legends are often connected with the name of Le Loi, who was the leader of the rebellious army against Chinese domination of the territory. According to the legend, Le Loi armed with a magic sword, abolished chaos (domination of China) and restored the states independence. As we know, Le Loi established the Le dynasty, which ruled the state known as Dai Viet for more than 300 years.

National folk music is represented by a large number of styles. Cheo Opera, Tuong (Hat Boi), Hat van, and Hat Xam are the most popular. Cheo Opera came from ancient village festivals and consists of folk songs with pantomime, instrumental music and dances. Tuong (Hat Boi) is a kind of drama of the national theatre. Hat van is a religious form of art which combines trance singing and dancing. The main instrument used in hat van performance is the dan nguyet or moon-shaped lute, accompanied by other traditional instruments (phach (a piece of wood or bamboo) marking the rhythm, xeng (clappers), trong chau (drum) and chieng (gong)). Hat Xam is the song of the blind artists.

Vietnamese have a lot of customs, which can be conditionally divided into customs related to people (wedding, funeral, and birth customs) and to those which are more ascribed to nature. Festivals are another interesting tradition of the Vietnamese nation. There are eighteen different festivals which are held according to customs and are celebrated usually vividly.

Vietnamese cuisine includes a large number of herbs, including lemongrass, mint (Vietnamese mint), long coriander, and Thai basil leaves. The main meats are chicken and pork. The distinguishing feature of Vietnamese food is the usage of rice, soy sauce, fish sauce, fruits and vegetables. The traditions of Vietnamese cuisine were influenced by the cuisines of southern Chinese immigrants and French colonists. Outside of Vietnam, the Vietnamese cuisine is widely available in countries with strong Vietnamese immigrant communities. The most famous Vietnamese dishes are Bun thit nuong (cold rice with pork), Mi xao don (egg noodles with seafood and vegetables), Banh Tam Cari (rice with spicy chicken curry), etc.

The four main pillars of the Vietnamese value systems are allegiance to the family, yearning for a good name, love of learning, and respect for other people. Allegiance to the family is vital, because family is a foundation of every nation. A good name is better than any material possession in the Vietnamese world, because having a good name in Vietnam, means having a high position in society, even with the lack of money. Who has knowledge, has admiration and respect from surrounding people, making love for knowledge an important tenet in the Vietnamese society. Concepts of respect mean that elder people or those who have higher social-status are more respected.

Of special interest is the fact that the building of dykes, which were essential for Vietnamese life, influenced their mentality. Since ancient times, the mobilization of people for dyke construction, helped build the nation’s common identity.

Summing up the information above, we can say that Vietnamese traditions, food, music, styles of life are overall a cultural phenomenon and interesting material for research.

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Vietnamese Culture

Vietnamese Culture is one of the oldest culture in the World which has undergone changes almost four thousands of years. Some people said Vietnam culture has influence from Chinese culture but there is a study shows Culture of Vietnam has its own characters and has parallel development to Chinese culture. Along the history of Vietnam from the Dynasty of Trieu, Dinh, Ly, Tran & Le. In the pretty much same time with Chinese dynasty of Han, Duong, Tong, Nguyen.

According to scholarly sources, the culture of Vietnam originated from ancient Nam Viet, an ancient kingdom of Giao Chi people which shared characteristics of Han Chinese cultures and the ancient Dong Son Culture, considered one of the most important progenitors of its indigenous culture, during the Bronze Age. Nam Viet was occupied by Northern evaders in 111 BC, leading to the first Chinese domination of Vietnam lasting over thousand years that propelled Chinese influences onto Vietnamese culture in terms of Confucian philosophy governance, and the arts.

Following independence from Chinese in the 10th century; successive Vietnamese imperial dynasties flourished as the country embarked on a southward expansion that annexed territories of the Champa and Khmer civilizations; which resulted in regional variances of modern-day culture of Vietnam. During the French colonial period in the mid-19th century; Vietnamese culture absorbed European influences including architecture; Catholicism, and the adoption of the Latin alphabet, which created the new official writing system that replaced the previous Chinese characters and Nom scripts.

After French left, Vietnamese culture was characterized by government-controlled propaganda, which emphasized the importance of cultural exchanges with fellow communist nations such as the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba. Following the reform in 1986, Vietnam has continuously absorbed various influences from Asian, European, and American cultures.

Vietnamese culture, with its roots intertwined with Chinese traditions, holds the family unit in high esteem. It’s a society where nurturing the young and honoring the elderly are seen as inherent duties. Multi-generational households are a common sight, symbolizing the deep-seated value placed on familial bonds.

Respect for elders, a reverence for food as a cultural cornerstone, and maintaining a serene composure are pillars of Vietnamese values. Loyalty and respect within the family are paramount. Influenced by Confucianism, many in Vietnam adopt its principles, shaping a way of life that emphasizes harmony, community, and moral conduct.

Important cultural symbols include 4 holy animals: Dragons, Turtles, Phoenix, Unicorn. The national flower is lotuses and the most popular plant in Vietnam is bamboo.

Here are some interesting facts about Vietnamese culture: Vietnamese culture values emphasize respect for family, harmony in community relationships, and humility in personal conduct. These values are rooted in Confucianism and permeate daily life, influencing everything from social interactions to business practices in Vietnam. Viet Nam’s culture blends traditions influenced by Chinese and Western cultures, alongside a mix of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism , collectively known as Tam Giao in Vietnamese. Language : The official language is Vietnamese, which has six different tones, making it a tonal language. Writing System : The Vietnamese writing system uses the Latin alphabet with additional diacritics. Family Structure : Family is the cornerstone of Vietnamese society. Extended families often live together, and respect for elders is paramount. Ancestor Worship : Many Vietnamese people practice ancestor worship, believing that deceased family members continue to influence the living. Pho : A famous Vietnamese dish, Pho is a noodle soup consisting of broth, rice noodles, herbs, and meat, usually beef or chicken. Diverse Ingredients : Vietnamese cuisine is known for its use of fresh herbs and vegetables, minimal use of dairy and oil, and reliance on rice and noodles as staples. Ao Dai : The Ao Dai is the traditional Vietnamese dress, known for its elegance. It is worn by both men and women, especially on formal occasions. Tet Nguyen Dan : The Vietnamese New Year, or Tet, is the most important festival in Vietnam. It marks the arrival of spring and is celebrated with various customs, such as cleaning the house, paying off debts, and cooking special foods. Mid-Autumn Festival : Celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, this festival involves mooncakes and lantern processions, especially popular with children. Buddhism : The dominant religion in Vietnam is Buddhism, but there are also significant numbers of Catholics, Protestants, and followers of Cao Dai and Hoa Hao. Folk Religion : Many Vietnamese practice a form of folk religion that includes elements of animism, ancestor worship, and the worship of deities and natural phenomena. Water Puppetry : A traditional Vietnamese art form, water puppetry dates back to the 11th century. It involves wooden puppets performing on water, depicting rural life and folklore. Literature : Vietnamese literature has a rich history, with notable contributions in both poetry and prose. Classic works often reflect themes of love, nature, and patriotism. Traditional Music : Vietnamese traditional music includes various forms such as Ca Tru, Cheo, and Quan Ho. Each region of Vietnam has its own distinct musical styles. Dance : Traditional Vietnamese dance often depicts historical events, myths, and daily life. The Lion Dance is particularly popular during the Tet festival. Pagodas and Temples : Vietnam is home to many ancient pagodas and temples, which are architectural marvels. These structures often have curved roofs, intricate carvings, and statues of deities. French Colonial Influence : French colonial architecture is also prominent in Vietnam, especially in cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Vovinam : Vovinam is a traditional Vietnamese martial art that combines self-defense techniques with the philosophy of striving to achieve harmony between hard and soft elements. Silk Production : Vietnam is known for its high-quality silk and traditional silk weaving techniques. Handicrafts : Vietnamese handicrafts, such as lacquerware, ceramics, and bamboo products, are highly valued both domestically and internationally.

Table of Contents

Ethnic groups in Vietnam

Traditions in vietnam, vietnamese cuisine, traditional costumes of vietnam, religion and philosophy of vietnam, vietnamese music & dance, vietnamese arts & literature, martial arts in vietnam, festivals of vietnam, holidays and other important days.

Vietnam is a multiethnic country with over fifty distinct groups (54 Totally). Each of them has its own language, lifestyle, and cultural heritage. Many of the local ethnic groups residing in mountain areas are known collectively in the West as Montagnard or Degar.

The largest ethnic groups are: Kinh (Viet) 85.7%, Tay 1.9%, Tai Ethnic 1.8%, Mường 1.5%, Khmer Krom 1.5%, Hmong 1.2%, Nung 1.1%, Hoa 1%, with all others comprising the remaining 4.3% (2009 census). The Vietnamese has term for ethnic group (literally “minority people”). One distinctive feature of highland ethnic minority groups in Vietnam is that they are colorfully attired whether at home, in the farm, traveling or in their home town.

Many ethnic groups elsewhere such as southern part of Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, China, Papua New Guinea, and many other countries do not wear attractive clothes while engaged in their day-to-day activities. The clothing of one group is quite different from that of other groups and adds color to the social landscape. When you travel in Vietnam, you will meet and even talk to many of them. In the trip to Sapa, you may see dozens of them or some province as Lai Chau has 20 ethnic groups ( more than 3 hundreds thousand habitats). Dak Lak province has most in Vietnam with 47 ethnic groups.

Vietnam boasts a stunning diversity of ethnicities, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Over 54 ethnic groups are officially recognized in Vietnam, each with its own unique traditions, languages, and customs. The Kinh (Viet) ethnic group makes up about 86% of the population. But venture beyond the Kinh majority, and you’ll discover a mosaic of fascinating ethnic minorities. Here are some of the major ethnic groups in Vietnam: Kinh (Viet) : The dominant ethnic group, also known as Vietnamese. Tay : Renowned for their distinctive stilt houses, a must-see for any visitor to Northern Vietnam. Thai : Celebrated for their vibrant textiles and beautiful clothing. Hmong : Masters of embroidery and silversmithing, their handicrafts are a treasured souvenir. Dao : Skilled artisans, famous for their indigo-dyed fabrics. This is just a glimpse into the rich ethnic landscape of Vietnam. Each group has its own story to tell, adding another layer of fascination to this captivating country. So, explore Vietnam’s ethnic tapestry and discover the cultural gems hidden within its diverse communities!

Social Beliefs & Customs in Vietnam

Family is very strong in Vietnam. Family and clan (dòng họ) are valued over individualism. Clan is the most important social unit in the country and each clan features a patriarch heading the clan and a clan altar. Even today, in some parts of the country, the tradition of clan members living together in longhouses is quite prevalent. It is also not uncommon to see three to four generations of a family living together in the same house. Members of a clan are related by blood and often name their villages based on their clan names. Death commemorations of clan members are usually attended by all members of the clan and villagers.

Weddings in Vietnam earlier was arranged mainly by parents and people were married very young. However, things have changed so much in recent years since Vietnam Open the door to the World and tourism pick up in early of 90. Vietnamese youth enjoy greater freedom of choosing the time of their marriage and their partner. Weddings are still mostly held in the traditional manner with elaborate rituals and ceremonies . The date for Wedding was carefully selected by Feng Shui master or most respected man in the Clan.

The traditional funeral ceremony in Vietnam is also quite elaborate and long-stretched. The body of the dead person is cleaned with fragrant water and dressed carefully in the special clothes. A lot of mourning following and depends on each tribe and location, they have the slightly different ceremony. Later the body will be burying, the most popular method. Recently, some area, people choose cremation instead of burying. Only 1 case of remains in frozen condition and several cases of Monks body was kept inside the statues…

According to Confucian, men and women can not touch hand unless they are husband and wife so Vietnamese people don’t hug when meeting. They say ” Xin Chao” or handshake between men. People in the city talk gently and quietly and people come from the countryside or from the sea talk pretty loud. They work on the farm or ocean and they got to talk even louder than the wind or the waves.

Understanding social etiquette is important when visiting Vietnam. You can learn more about Vietnamese customs and etiquette in our Essential Guide to Customs and Etiquette in Vietnam .

Vietnam’s rich cultural tapestry is woven with traditions that reflect its vibrant history and diverse heritage. At the heart of Vietnamese life is the Lunar New Year, or Tết Nguyên Đán, a time when families reunite to honor ancestors and celebrate new beginnings. This reverence for forebears extends beyond the holiday, with many homes featuring altars for regular ancestral offerings. Another cherished tradition is the Mid-Autumn Festival, where children’s laughter mingles with the glow of lanterns and the sweetness of mooncakes.

Vietnam’s sartorial heritage shines through in the elegant áo dài, often donned for special occasions. The country’s artistic spirit comes alive in unique water puppetry performances, while traditional music and dance add rhythm to cultural expressions. Vietnamese cuisine, a delightful balance of flavors and fresh ingredients, is more than sustenance—it’s a proud cultural ambassador. From the aromatic phở to the crusty bánh mì, each dish tells a story of Vietnam’s culinary traditions.

These customs, along with tea ceremonies and martial arts, underscore the nation’s deep-rooted respect for family, heritage, and cultural identity, inviting both locals and visitors to experience the warmth and richness of Vietnamese traditions.

Vietnamese traditions are a vibrant blend of ancient customs, communal values, and unique celebrations that reflect the country’s rich history and diverse cultural heritage. Here are some of the most notable traditions in Vietnam:

• Tết (Vietnamese Lunar New Year) : Tết marks the arrival of spring and is the most important holiday in Vietnam. Families gather to clean their homes, prepare special foods, and honor their ancestors with offerings and prayers.
• Veneration of the Dead (Ancestor Worship): Honoring ancestors is a core aspect of Vietnamese culture. This deep-seated tradition involves maintaining home altars where they offer incense, food, and prayers and performing rituals to honor deceased family members, showcasing the respect for family and lineage.
• Mid-Autumn Festival ( Tết Trung Thu ) : Celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, this festival is for children. It features lantern processions, lion dances, and mooncakes to celebrate the harvest and the full moon.
• God of Wealth (Thần Tài) : On the 10th day of the lunar year, businesses and households worship the God of Wealth to attract prosperity and good fortune for the year ahead.
• Communal dining: Food is a big part of Vietnamese culture, and meals are often seen as a time to bond with family and friends. Sharing dishes from a communal plate in the center of the table is a common practice.
• Respect for elders: Age is highly respected in Vietnamese society, and younger people are expected to show deference to their elders. This is reflected in greetings, conversation, and decision-making.
• Tea culture : Tea is a beloved beverage in Vietnam, and drinking tea is seen as a way to relax, socialize, and bond with others.
• Visiting Pagodas : Regularly visiting pagodas and temples is a common practice in Vietnam, reflecting the strong influence of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism in Vietnamese spirituality.
• Vietnamese People Are Relentlessly Optimistic : Despite hardships, Vietnamese people are known for their unwavering optimism and resilience, which is reflected in their cultural expressions and daily life.
• Hùng Kings’ Festival : This festival commemorates the legendary Hùng Kings, the traditional founders of Vietnam. It includes ceremonies, traditional games, and performances to honor these ancient rulers.
• Khau Vai Love Market : An annual event where ethnic minority groups gather in Khau Vai village to celebrate love and reunite with past lovers, reflecting the unique social customs of the region.
• Perfume Pagoda Festival : Taking place from the first to the third lunar month, this pilgrimage involves a journey to the Perfume Pagoda, where devotees pray for health, prosperity, and happiness.

Vietnamese traditions are a beautiful mosaic of rituals, festivals, and social customs that bind the community together and celebrate life’s significant moments. These traditions offer a window into the soul of Vietnam, where the past and present harmoniously coexist.

Vietnamese food is fresh and healthy and getting more and more popular all over the World. It exhibits great diversity but can be classified into three primary categories by locations: the north, south, and central regions of the country. Many types of noodles and noodle soups and all type of spring rolls are popular here. Less use of oil and greater use of fresh vegetables is preferred. Soy sauce, fish sauce, mint, and basil are popular ingredients. Rice is the main food and eaten in 3 meals a day. The flavors of Vietnamese food range from spicy and sour to sweet. The Noodle Soup originating in North Vietnam is a noted Vietnamese dish and features rice noodles with beef, chicken, fish, sea food…. soup and scallions or bean sprouts as accompaniments. There is vegetarian noodle soup too.

Vietnamese cuisine is an explosion of fresh flavors and vibrant textures, a delightful dance on your taste buds. Imagine fragrant bowls of pho, steaming hot and brimming with rice noodles, succulent meats, and a rich, aromatic broth. Or picture crusty banh mi sandwiches, filled with savory meats, pickled vegetables, and a touch of creamy pate. Vietnamese cooking boasts a beautiful regional diversity. In the north, dishes lean towards lighter broths and fresh herbs. Central Vietnam cranks up the heat with chilies and spices, while the south features a touch of sweetness and bolder flavors. Here’s a taste of what awaits you: Pho: The national treasure, pho is a fragrant noodle soup with a rich beef broth, rice noodles, thinly sliced meat (often beef), and a vibrant array of fresh herbs and vegetables. Banh Mi: The quintessential Vietnamese street food, banh mi is a crusty baguette stuffed with savory fillings like pate, grilled meats, pickled vegetables, fresh herbs, and a touch of chili sauce for a flavor explosion. Bún Chả: This dish features grilled, marinated pork served with vermicelli noodles, fresh herbs, and dipping sauce for a refreshing and flavorful experience. Gỏi Cuốn (Spring Rolls): Fresh and light, these spring rolls are packed with rice noodles, herbs, vegetables, and sometimes shrimp or pork, all wrapped in a thin rice paper sheet and dipped in a flavorful peanut sauce.

54 tribes in Vietnam has their own traditional costumes. The traditional dress of the Vietnamese people changed significantly from time to time and depended largely on the whims and fancies of the region’s rulers. The common people of the country had greater freedom to choose their clothing prior to the Nguyen dynasty. During Nguyen Dynasty, several restrictions were placed on the type and colors of clothes that could be worn by the common people of Vietnam.

Some of the examples of traditional Vietnamese costumes are the Áo Giao Lĩnh, the Áo Tứ Thân, Áo Cánh, and the Áo Bà Ba. The first one refers to a cross-collared robe worn by the Vietnamese men while the second is a four-part dress worn by the women.

The last two dresses were worn by the peasants in the north and south, respectively and appeared like silk-pajama-type costumes. The color code of the dresses also varied from time to time and during Nguyen dynasty, only the monarchs enjoyed the exclusive rights of wearing golden clothes while purple and red were popular among the nobles and aristocrats. The headgear worn in Vietnam changed over the years with the conical hat or Non La being the most popular among the community.

Beautiful Vietnamese girls in Ao Dai ( long dress) at Hue Citadel

Traditional Vietnamese costumes reflect the rich cultural heritage and diversity of Vietnam’s various ethnic groups. The most iconic is the “ao dai,” a graceful, long tunic worn over trousers, often made from silk and adorned with intricate embroidery. The ao dai is typically worn during special occasions, weddings, and festivals, symbolizing elegance and femininity. For men, the “ao gam” is a traditional robe, usually worn with loose pants, featuring bold, symmetrical patterns. In the northern regions, the “quan ho” singers wear “ao tu than,” a four-piece dress, showcasing the rustic charm of the countryside. Meanwhile, the Hmong people in the highlands sport vibrant, hand-embroidered garments with intricate motifs, reflecting their close-knit community and traditions. Vietnam’s traditional costumes not only enhance the beauty of the wearer but also tell stories of the country’s rich history and cultural diversity.

Most of Vietnamese people worshiping their ancestors and believe in animism. In the ID most of Vietnamese (about 90%), the line: Religion: None.

In reality, religion in Vietnam has historically been largely defined by a mix of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, known in Vietnamese as the Tam Giao (“triple religion”). Catholicism is also practiced in modern Vietnam.

Ancestor worship is common in Vietnamese culture. Most Vietnamese, regardless of religious denomination, practice ancestor worship and have an ancestor altar at their home or business, a testament to the emphasis Vietnamese culture places on filial piety

Vietnam is associated with a rich tradition of dance and music. Vietnamese music also exhibits variance in each part of Vietnam. It is older and more formal in the north while Champa culture exerts considerable influence on Central classical music and music in the southern part of the country is a livelier affair. The country has nearly 50 national music instruments. The Imperial Court music and the Ca Tru are important traditional forms of Vietnamese music.

The great ethnic diversity of Vietnam has gifted the country with diverse dance forms. These dances are usually performed at the cultural programs and festivals held in the country. The Lion dance, platter dance, fan dance, imperial lantern dance is some of the traditional dance forms of Vietnam. The dances that developed in the imperial courts of Vietnam are quite complex in nature and require great skills to be mastered.

Water Puppetry

Literature in Vietnam has greatly evolved over the years from romanticism to realism. Two aspects of the literature in the country are the folk literature and the written literature both of which developed almost at the same time. Folk literature features fairytales, folk legends, humorous stories, and epic poems. Written literature was previously written in the Cham and Nom characters and focused on poetry and prose. Now, it is mostly written in the National Language and includes short stories, dramas, novels, etc.

Vietnamese art is mainly influenced by Buddhism , Taoism , and Confucianism . However, more recently, the Cham and French influence have also been reflected in the art presentations. Silk painting is popular in Vietnam and involves the liberal use of colors. Calligraphy is also a much-respected art form and often, during festivals like the Lunar New Year. On the third day of new year people would visit a village teacher or an erudite scholar to obtain calligraphy hangings for their homes. Vietnamese wood-block prints are also quite popular. Water puppetry and several forms of theaters represent other performing art forms in Vietnam.

Vovinam ( Viet Vo Dao) is Vietnam traditional martial art. Vietnam has a very well-developed tradition of martial arts that has some similarity to Chinese martial arts. Vietnamese Vovinam martial arts philosophy guides the martial arts practice in the country. It is associated with intense spirituality because of its close association with Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. The scissor kick is a famous movement of this form of martial arts.

Although Vietnamese martial arts is less popular in other parts of the world than its Chinese or Japanese counterparts, there is no doubt that it is gradually and steadily gaining greater popularity worldwide with the establishment of schools teaching this martial art form in many parts of the world.

Vietnamese martial arts, known as “Võ thuật Việt Nam,” offer a rich tapestry of history, culture, and diverse techniques. Rooted in ancient traditions and the country’s turbulent history, these martial arts emphasize both physical prowess and mental discipline. Styles such as Vovinam, Bình Định, and Võ Cổ Truyền are prominent, each with unique characteristics. Vovinam, for instance, incorporates a mix of hard and soft techniques, including grappling and weaponry, while Bình Định is famed for its dynamic footwork and powerful strikes. Vietnamese martial arts not only teach self-defense but also promote physical fitness, self-confidence, and respect. Whether practiced for sport, self-defense, or personal growth, they offer a holistic approach to martial arts, blending strength, agility, and a deep cultural heritage.

Vietnam has many festivals. In Vietnamese Festival is Le Hoi. It includes 2 parts Le: Ceremony +  Hoi: Game & fun. Festivals including both traditional ones and those adopted from other cultures are celebrated in the country with great pomp and glory. Here is the top 10 festivals in Vietnam :

• 1 -TET Nguyen Dan – TET holidays all over the country
• 2- Hung King Holidays in March 10th ( lunar calendar)- Phu Tho province
• 3- Saint Giong Festival – In March outside Hanoi in Soc Son district
• 4- Ka Te Festival – In Champa community in Ninh Thuan Province
• 5- Perfume pagoda festival – Outside Hanoi
• 6- Dong Da Festival in Hanoi
• 7- Cau Ngu Festival in Hue in December
• 8- Hội đua voi – Elephant racing in Don village – Dak Lak province
• 9- Ba Chua Xu Festival – In Chau Doc city, An Giang province in April
• 10- Cam Muong Festival in Lai Chau province.

Vietnam’s charm goes beyond its postcard-worthy landscapes. Dive into the heart of Vietnamese culture through its captivating holidays and celebrations!

• Tết Nguyên Đán (Lunar New Year): Imagine a week-long extravaganza welcoming spring! Tet, the most important Vietnamese holiday, explodes with vibrant flower markets, firecracker displays that banish bad luck, and ancestor veneration ceremonies. Think delicious feasts featuring bánh chưng (sticky rice cakes) and lucky red envelopes bursting with wishes for prosperity.
• Hung Kings Commemoration Day (Mar 10th Lunar Calendar): Honoring the legendary founders of Vietnam with elaborate ceremonies.
• Liberation Day and Reunification Day: April 30th and May 1st are days that commemorate the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1975. These holidays are marked with parades, cultural performances, and fireworks, reflecting Vietnam’s journey towards unity and independence. It’s a time to reflect on the country’s history and celebrate its resilience and progress.
• National Day (September 2nd): Step back in time and witness the national spirit soar! Every September 2nd, Vietnam commemorates its Declaration of Independence with parades, flag raisings, and cultural performances. It’s a powerful reminder of the country’s resilience and a chance to witness the national pride in full swing.
• Beyond Public Holidays: Vietnam’s calendar is sprinkled with other cultural gems. Celebrate the harvest moon with the Mid-Autumn Festival, where streets come alive with colorful lanterns and children carry lion dances. Or, delve into the spiritual realm during the Đền Hùng Festival, honoring the legendary Hùng Kings, the ancestors of the Vietnamese people.

Vietnam’s holidays offer a unique glimpse into its soul. Remember, some holidays (like Tet) can cause business closures and transportation snags. When planning your trip to Vietnam , consider timing your visit to coincide with these vibrant holidays and festivals. Whether you’re exploring bustling city streets, tranquil countryside, or scenic coastlines, experiencing these celebrations firsthand will immerse you in the heart and soul of Vietnam.

Vietnam holidays are a blend of ancient customs and modern celebrations, offering travelers a profound cultural experience. From the iconic Tet celebrations to the festive lantern-lit streets during Mid-Autumn Festival, each holiday paints a colorful picture of Vietnam’s rich heritage. Plan your journey to Vietnam, and let these vibrant holidays become cherished memories of your travels in Southeast Asia.

Experience the magic of Vietnam—where every holiday is a celebration of culture, community, and the spirit of a nation. Start planning your Vietnam holiday today and discover why this country’s festivities are truly unforgettable.

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It is amazing

Wonderful research. However, in topic 3, Vietnamese Cuisine, in line 3 sentence 3 word 10 (TYPE in “…noodle soups and all TYPE of spring rolls are…”), I think is supposed to be types, as in “…noodle soups and all types of spring rolls are…”.

Detailed article but there are still some grammar and spelling mistakes. Great job on the research though

Really awesome

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THE VOICE OF VIETNAM - VOV World

Unesco-recognized heritages in vietnam.

The 17 UNESCO-recognized heritages are scattered throughout Vietnam. Hue’s Ancient Citadel was recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage in 1993. Ha Long Bay was recognized as a World Natural and World Geological Heritage in 1994 and 2000. Hoi An Ancient Town and My Son were also recognized in 1999. In 2003, Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park was recognized as a World Natural Heritage Site and 7 years later, Thang Long Royal Citadel also joined the list. Then in 2011, it was the turn of the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty.

Trang An Relic Complex with its rich flora system, primeval forest and eco-system was recognized as a World Natural and Cultural Heritage last year. Dang Thi Bich Lien is Deputy Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism : “ Vietnam ’s cultural values have been praised in several leading world publications. In addition to acknowledging Trang An’s cultural values, the Assessment Committee of UNESCO applauded Trang An as one of the few world scenic landscape complexes that have preserved their pristine natural value. UNESCO Heritage Committee consultants praised the Trang An complex as one of the most wonderful sites in Southeast Asia.”

Vietnam has 9 intangible cultural heritage sites as recognized by UNESCO. Hue royal court music was Vietnam’s first recognized by UNESCO in 2003. This genre of music was played in royal courts for more than 10 centuries. The Cultural Space of Gong in the Central Highlands was recognized as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2005. 4 years later, Quan Ho folk singing was recognized by UNESCO for its rich cultural values, social customs, art performances, song techniques, the beautiful lyrics and its customs. That year, Ca Tru ceremonial singing was also recognized as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage and Oral Masterpiece of Humanity in urgent need of protection. This music genre is popular across 15 cities and provinces in northern Vietnam.

2 years later, the Saint Giong festival in Phu Dong, Soc temple and Xoan singing of Phu Tho province became intangible cultural heritages of humanity in urgent need of protection. In 2009, UNESCO also recognized the worship of Hung Kings and southern amateur singing. Late last year, the Vi Giam folk singing of Nghe An and Ha Tinh province became an intangible cultural heritage of humanity. It is popular among the locals in central Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces. They sing Vi Giam to lull their babies to sleep or while they are working in the field. Vi Giam lyrics praise respected values, the tradition of respecting parents, faithfulness and devotion to others as well as treating each other with respect. Associate Professor Nguyen Chi Ben said: “The vitality of Vi Dam folk songs is reflected in their popularity, from lullabies for babies to fishing chants. These folk songs are often sung with the accents of the Nghe An and Ha Tinh regions. This feature makes Vi Giam live long among the local community but makes it hard spread beyond the region”.

Vietnam also has 3 documentary heritages recognized by UNESCO. They include Woodblocks from the Nguyen Dynasty which consist of 34,618 wooden plates which were engraved with Chinese-Chinese Vietnamese (Han-Nom) scripts and used to print books in Vietnam in the 19 th and 20 th centuries. With their special cultural and historical values, 82 stone steles at the Temple of Literature in Hanoi dedicated to doctorate holders under the Le-Mac dynasties from the 15 th to the 18 th century and the woodblocks at the Vinh Nghiem Pagoda have also been recognized as intangible cultural heritages.

UNESCO recognized heritages Vietnam Trang An My Son Phong Nha Ke Bang Ha Long bay natural cultural vov vovworld

s b sharma jamshedpur jharkhand india

UNESCO-recognized all 17 heritages of Vietnam is well described in this essay. it is very informative. details description about all 17 heritage is chance enhance... More

UNESCO-recognized all 17 heritages of Vietnam is well described in this essay. it is very informative. details description about all 17 heritage is chance enhance my knowledge.2are natural, 5 are cultural, and 1 is a combined cultural and natural heritage,9 intangible cultural heritage and 3 documentary heritages. I was keen interested to know about documentary heritage. in this passage it is well covered. documentary heritage was also covered in vov letter box program. thanks for your integrated approach.

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Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Modern Development of Vietnam

1. introduction.

Vietnam is a multi-ethnic society with a long history of socio-economic development. Its rich cultural heritage has been preserved and promoted for many generations, and these historical cultural traditions continue to influence the lives of contemporary Vietnamese. It is important to examine the traditional culture and rituals in Vietnam, as well as their effect on modern people and the nation as a whole. This book explains historical periods and dynasties, and events in different time periods including the wars of resistance. It also discusses the traditional political architecture, and describes the souls and religions in Vietnam. It discusses the traditional customs, beliefs, and traditional places in Vietnamese social life. Vietnam has long had a history of hundreds of years of preparation and construction. The Vietnamese have been stable to build the country from thousands of years ago, gathering a united community and transforming a wild and impassable country into a civilized agricultural kingdom.

1.1. Background and Significance

Vietnam's long and rich history has led to a very diverse culture. Throughout history, Vietnam has been influenced and dominated by several Asian civilizations, such as India, China, and Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and French culture in the 19th and 20th centuries. At the present time, young people are carried away by technology, the strong impact of American and Western culture, and the awakening of the whole nation from the Đổi Mới. This research is organized on the basis of accentuating how the traditional culture, typically the beliefs of Vietnamese people, is developed in each region in the context of globalization. The purpose of the research is to examine the traditional values present in festivals and ceremonies in Vietnam, a country with a population of over 91 million people, of which young people in the adolescent period account for over 25%. The research aims to discover the relationship between the beliefs and customs of Vietnamese people and the cultural, moral, and valuable contents. Project No. B2014-X2-05-15 under the Sunflower Mission aims to present the preliminary findings of interviews with a few informants and observations on some festival locations by other researchers. In other words, this research hopes to conduct a comprehensive survey on traditional cultural features and propose typical solutions for the education of ethnic students, international students interested in Vietnamese culture and national identity, and the promotion of typical values in the thinking and behavior of Vietnamese young individuals.

2. Historical Context

The modern discoveries on the primitive Vietnamese and the monumental relics of the Bronze and Iron Ages, of the period of the feudal states and those of the imperial times, prove the great patrimony of the Vietnamese. They were endowed with conditions for a continuous national identity of an original culture, closely interconnected with the development of the contemporary world culture. The resistance against successive attempts of conquest by the sea and by land of the numerous invaders since the 11th century fostered the process of coalescing of the people based on the accumulation of the valuable acquisitions of their ancestors, purifying the superfluous elements, enriching themselves on the spiritual and material level, and creating synthetic works of high artistic worth. The cultural history of a people is a source of valuable knowledge, which the scientific world knows how to appreciate and interpret in order to clearly show the essential role of that people in determining their cultural diversity. The histories of culture, language, and identity manifest a fascinating and singular dialogue among the autochthonous elements and those of exterior sources, suggesting the types of social relations among the world civilizations that, throughout the millennia, are the necessary condition for the development of humanity.

2.1. Ancient Civilizations and Kingdoms

Since emerging as an ancient nation thousands of years ago, Vietnam has long been known as a society that has a rich and diverse culture, characterized by the coexistence of various cultural strata, as well as being located at the intersection of different cultural strata. Many ethnic groups have maintained their own identities for thousands of years within the Vietnamese culture. Throughout the process of its formation and development, Vietnam has always boasted a thrilling vitality in the field of cultural creation, through which to enrich and promote the essence and virtue of oriental culture. An entire chapter could be filled with all the records and materials about the Vietnamese people from ancient times. However, the majority of this information was passed down and left behind as remnants of their occupations. It was not until the day when written languages came that we received additional information that was more complete and more closely associated with the Vietnamese people. However, no matter what the language employed to express it, the information of cultural development and civilization left behind was of great importance. Vietnamese history has been continually updated, and will continue to be faced with increasing discoveries. This is also an instructive topic that has inspired patriotic scholars to explore and guide people to take actions in electing the best development route based on a thorough understanding of historical lessons.

2.2. Colonial Period and Independence Struggles

The internal weakness of the Ly and Tran regimes fostered the ambition of the Mongol-Yuan Empire (1279-1368). In the face of this threat, the Tran kings resorted to extensive military preparations, a move which drew the Dynasty into a close alliance with some gentry factions in the Dai Viet stage. Toward the early 1400s, Vietnam under the Le Dynasty managed to overcome the internal divisions through a series of administrative reforms in the fields of recruitment, land security, and doctrinal orientations. These measures actually established conditions conducive to a period of organic nation-building. If the Ming gave orders in its administrative language, Le's functionaries responded in a more appropriate tone, thus signifying a diplomatic community of independent states. In other cases, Vietnamese courtiers rejected a Taoist concept that a successful ruler must necessarily be supreme and serve the great dynasties. In 1858, France was called to step in to help Catholic missionaries in Vietnam. Following this, on October 5, 1858, a French force advanced on Da Nang (called Faifo in old times) and two years later, the Treaty of Saignon was signed by Tu Duc ceding interest in Western trade for French protection in Vietnam. The docility and subservience of the Dai Viet stage were, in the colonial administration, held to be the characteristics of an age past, which had been supplanted by one of decay and corruption. Indeed, this theme continued to dominate until 1945. Little consideration was given wholly to the former. The revitalization of the system under the Le Dynasty was of small moment compared to the dissolution of the nation once the French had begun to intervene. Between 1883 and 1919, the railroad was constructed, producing a stranglehold over the rice-distribution network and urbanization process.

3. Cultural Heritage

3.1 The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (around 2000 to 550 BCE) By around 0 AD, several early civilizations had already developed across the Red River delta. The first of these reached its zenith at Co Loa and was inhabited by the Au Viet people. Many experts believe this was the earliest Vietnamese ancestral community. Multiple prestigious artifacts and elements (e.g., jars, logs, and other burials) prove that this area was also influenced by the Dong Son Culture. In Cohuoi (Đông Anh District, Hanoi), the traffic of materials had always been common and is reflected in the artifacts. The people probably established important villages here and stayed there until finishing their products and preparing for delivery. The system of their transportation across the present land demonstrates their high level of planning and knowledge of their surroundings. Election systems were advanced and sophisticated. They allowed the King of Co Loa to appoint and differentiate his officials based on their personal merit and abilities, according to his own judgement and the Law of Auchinese Kingdoms. These unique cultural identities prove that the first Vietnamese agrarian kingdom wielded powerful influence for 5 centuries (from the 1st to the 6th century). 3.2 The Post-Hong Bang Period The Hong Bang rabble developed later in Hanoi's early society, thousands of years ago, and gained their independence. Initial ideas on tiny Viet states during the first millennium were carefully confirmed through heritages. 3.3 The Post-Hong Bang The rapid shift from wild wandering to cultivation allowed the ancient Asians to gather in separate communities, cultivate rice, till the earth, and survive as stable communities. The development of languages among these people might have made global history. Currently, only a few of the ancient Asian families possess the social organizations and initial national strengths: the Great Hall of the Chinese. Indigenous race, which might be considered their preliminary familial and linguistic groups, built similar ancient masteries. However, they also developed stronger cultural distinctiveness. 3.4 The Sai Viet Repository Twelve coated surface shells house inlays of the Linear (Nguyen Dynasty). Unique to the history of fish culture, the Ceramic Ocean lion's four main groups, together with the resplendent gold and globe-trotting features, is probably on display in an environmentally-friendly museum in Han pipeline. Among the precious gifts explore the unique viewpoints of a short-term Saodong gathering of relics, objects, and pan-Asian treasures. This war was a sturdy successor after the Dong Son parental tradition ended.

3.1. Art and Architecture

Art exerts enormous importance in traditional Vietnamese culture as a vehicle for conveying ideas and opinions. A host of artistic forms convey folklore, religious beliefs, heroism, and the spirit of the people, including literature, music, dance, painting, sculpture, and architecture, expressed through familiar symbols. Literature, for example, is expressed through folklore, poetry, and prose and has become an official language with literary reference points. Vietnamese music, meanwhile, is performed in response to various ceremonies, rituals, and celebrations, appearing in various forms including marches, festivities, and songs. Music is the language of human sentiments that have appeared throughout national history. In terms of decorations, Vietnamese people design their costumes, hats, and other types of personal property according to different life circumstances and as expressions of their cultural practices. Religion is also paired with a series of decorative arts related to architecture and fine arts, with altars, worship statues, and Parish communal houses designed for belief in gods, ceremonies, and rituals, expressing the religious spirit of the Vietnamese people. Like other wider Asian countries - Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Cambodia, and India - Vietnamese architecture can provide a treasure trove of materials for those interested in studying the structural arrangements as a cultural wonder. With continuous evolution through stages - the period of ancient Vietnamese architecture, the period of classical architecture, and the period of modern architecture - the Vietnamese nation has inherited a huge cultural treasure, representing the long and new history of human settlement and the development of creativity of the community. Vietnamese architectural works are indeed unique. Architecture of traditional villages, folk architecture, and ethnic architecture have been around for thousands of years through various periods and have created wonderful works beyond borders. These should be discovered and maintained as valuable heritage and cultural treasures of all humanity. These remain today as a mark in the hearts of the Vietnamese people.

3.2. Religion and Philosophy

Except for a few inventions by colonial Christianity, the nation drew strength from its lifeblood beliefs, shaping a culture born both of a rich indigenous inheritance and a unique blend of imported modes that were tight-knit by the coherent Vietnamese spirit. It absorbed major world philosophies and religions of India and China - Confucianism, Taoism, and Mahayana Buddhism. These religious heritages influenced the Vietnamese people's thoughts, moral values, philosophy, as well as deeply into the fount of literature, music, painting, sculpture, and architecture, also embellishing the daily rhythms of life. The thought of independence, freedom, and self-renewal found expression through the fusion and creativity of some key early cultural figures who intuited detachment from ascetic Buddhism enlightenment adapted from China and India and revised for the greater Vietnamese way, accentuated an emphasis on economics. The Chinese Qui Philosophy offered the nation a metaphysics of balance, harmony, indeterminism, and temporalism that hummed throughout Việt village life and believed as the essential qualities nurtured by heaven (people/natural conditions), Divinity (culture/law), and prophecy (the ruling policy). In closing time, these foresaid philosophies have caused the central thought of the contemporary Vietnamese. Buddhism is not only a profound religion and an ideal philosophy but also educates humans to become good citizens. Confucianism is the way to arrange human relationships, while enhancing one's morality in society. Taoism nurtures the spirit of submission, humility, and loyalty. The result is the new rhythms of a figurative dance with the nation and heaven in a beautiful tranquil circular pace.

4. Modern Development

Vietnam is a developing country with the strategy to develop its human resource, specifically the young generation, to both catch up with the rapid development of the world and retain the cultural identity of the nation. Education is considered a top policy of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Government with regular adjustments. Artistic education is also paid more attention and the level is constantly improved. Yet, if support from the community and parents is not still high, Vietnam culture may be lost among the deluge of international cultures. Furthermore, the process of urbanization has reduced the traditional lifestyle and turned the relationship between the generations, rural-urban development and the rich-poor into many negative aspects. The concern about the survival of traditional culture amidst rapid development has resulted in its gradual conservation and promotion. The balance in adapting between modern and traditional culture is one of the most concerned problems. The most important thing is protecting and promoting the potential and power of traditional Vietnamese culture. For Vietnam, the preservation and promotion of its traditional values must be handled against the background of rather rich and developed contemporary culture. The accumulation and existence of well-achieved cultures of mountains and plains and a great number of art masterpieces give Vietnamese traditional culture the impetus to develop further. Vietnamese traditional culture creates the vitality and power, as well as identity. Also, through this cultural heritage, the Vietnamese people create artistic works, contributing to making the Vietnamese society more advanced, sophisticated and diverse to match the criteria of development of human society.

4.1. Economic Growth and Industrialization

Vietnam has experienced rapid economic growth, transforming from an under-developed agrarian country to a medium-income urbanized industrializing nation. Since the initiation of open-door policies in 1986 (Doi moi), the Vietnamese economy has developed rapidly. After Vietnam became a market-oriented country, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate of the country has also been maintained at a high speed. From 1991 to 2008, Vietnam’s real GDP averages 6.8 percent. The years of 2004-2008 are considered the fastest growth period, with an average annual growth rate of 8.3 percent. Vietnam can consistently maintain its GDP growth rate at a high speed and become a country with the fastest economic growth in the world because the basic foundation of Vietnam’s economy was strongly developed, together with the flow of international capital and technology, and due to the dynamic contributions as well as the active role of all Vietnam’s economic sectors. During the opening process, the Vietnamese economy has seen a significant structural transformation, with the gross output of key secondary economic sectors, such as industry and construction and service sectors, increasing sharply, whereas the rate of growth of the primary sector had slowed.

4.2. Technological Advancements

Communication technology advancements have benefited Vietnam, improving collaboration between several research institutions in different areas, while keeping alive the traditions and promoting the Vietnamese culture at home and abroad. The Ministry of Information and Communications actively encourages centers and museums to increase their online presence. The IT organization for culture, history and tourism (ICTHT) was established by the Vietnam Culture and Arts Institute to work with research institutions and the VhioVuon to contribute to the development and dissemination of the aforementioned sectors. By the end of 2003, 51 training workshops for 3,000 centers and museums had brought almost 100% of them into the network and 97 websites and 46 CD-ROM products were completed, allowing the sector to be generally more dynamic. For years, under the sponsorship of the Science and Technology Development Program according to the Law for the software industry, Vietnam now has about 400 SMEs. Currently, Vietnamese software companies produce software on outsourced orders under strategic alliance contracts with foreign partners. Moreover, many software and service companies have successfully provided quality products for the market. High-quality software such as MIC Company's Maximenu, Denso Company's Denzo Solving, VEA Company's Vote Speech, and Data House Company's Help House are presented in domestic and international markets. In addition, Vietnamese software services—offering factory, telecom managing software, car parking managing systems, educational software—have received subscribers. Vietnamese developers receive jobs from global projects, such as software embedded, tests of products, systems integration and project management, cooperation with US software developers, joint venture for production and sales of motorbike managing systems, ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) system of Vinh Tuyen bridge which is the main e-Government project.

5. Conclusion

In conclusion, we have explored cultural heritages, traditional values, and cultural phenomena of Vietnam to present the scientific principles in the development of Vietnamese society. Cultural studies describe the sources of traditional culture and the impacts of cultural factors on the orientation of the views of Vietnamese people and the development process of Vietnamese society. The Vietnamese principle of dialectical monism was first presented. Four principles applied in Vietnamese culture, called the principle of adaptation, the principle of combination, the principle of addition, and the principle of balancing, are presented. These principles are proven to actively work in the relationship among factors and in the socio-economic development process. The presented scientific principles provide a clarified scientific basis for the socio-economic development process in Vietnam and the adjustment of organizational mode and international relationships. Cultural studies, research on traditional Vietnamese culture, contributes a scientific foundation to orientations in renovating, building, and rectifying the cultural lifestyle, the regulatory system, and state management, in accordance with the actual life and socio-economic development process, and at the same time pushes for exploiting resources and potential advantages for socio-economic development by the most reasonable method. As a matter of fact, by the application of the presented scientific principles, namely the principle of cultural synergy in international cooperation, the development process can change its dimension from the level of national communal milieu into the global dimension while maintaining the unique appearance of them; dichotomy into the paradigm of non-fixed solutions; the principle of dialectical monism into multiethnic diversified organizations. The work also contributes to clarifying the goal which the state should aim for if social life should orientate its development toward overall individual development.

5.1. Summary of Findings

The final chapter of this book concerns the exploitation of cultural heritage in modern Vietnam, and the main conclusions are presented in the first book, which focuses on the modern development of Vietnam. For a long time, Vietnam was separated by mountainous areas that were difficult to pass. As a result, ethnic groups lived separately in different regions and adapted differently to the climate and complex ecological conditions. This led to the emergence of interesting cultural behaviors. The most significant cultural heritage of Vietnam lies in the cultural influence of the prehistoric Laos people civilization, the legendary Hong Bang Dynasty, and the establishment of the ancient Van Lang state. Vietnam is a country with its own unique cultural characteristics. The Vietnamese people inherit the essence of humanity instead of being dominated by alien cultures like many other conquered countries. For thousands of years, the tradition of the people has maintained this feature, which has strongly influenced every citizen. More than 54 ethnic groups live together in Vietnam. With the development of the country, they have gone through stages of struggle and resistance, creating valuable historical heritage. They have customs, extended fortresses, temples, portraits, crosses, flowers, and gatherings typical of famous landscape areas. They also have animal-dengue ans music dances. Each ethnic group has its own cultural characteristics, creating an abundance of traditional national culture that forms the precious heritage of the Vietnamese people with unique features.

5.2. Implications for the Future

Without being able to distinguish the effects of technological advance from political change, these cyclical patterns are not surprising. Is the apparent return to an earlier, more open, more liberal society an artifact of the emphasis on the peaceful advancements experienced over the last ten years? And more significantly, will the apparent failure of this system withstand challenges in the future? Virtually all nations and political systems turned more autocratic during the war and have been in the process of liberalization since then. As a military contest, the war in Vietnam is over, but the war of ideas continues. In terms of its population and industrial development, modern Vietnam could fairly quickly become an important economic and political power in Southeast Asia. What modern form this economic expansion would take is far more speculative, but in any case, the first task would be to effectively construct the material base of the emerging new nation.

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Vietnam , country occupying the eastern portion of mainland Southeast Asia .

Tribal Viets inhabiting the Red River delta entered written history when China’s southward expansion reached them in the 3rd century bce . From that time onward, a dominant theme of Vietnam’s history has been interaction with China, the source of most of Vietnam’s high culture . As a tribute-paying state after throwing off Chinese rule in 938 ce , Vietnam sent lacquerware, animal skins, ivory , and tropical products to the Chinese emperor and received scrolls on philosophy, administration, and literature in return. Sinic culture seeped deeply into society, but it shaped the aristocracy and mandarinal families more than it did the peasantry, which preserved distinctive customs, beliefs, vocabulary, lifeways, and gender relations. Modeling themselves on Chinese emperors, Vietnam’s kings exacted tribute from ethnic minorities on the periphery of the Vietnamese state and called themselves emperors when not addressing the Chinese court. Although cultural and spatial gaps between the Vietnamese court and the farthest reaches of society were not as great as they were in China (Vietnam is about the size of a Chinese province, with a comparable population), the Vietnamese state’s capacity to rule diminished with distance from the capital. The refractory character of bamboo-hedged peasant communes was captured in the cliché, "The emperor’s writ stops at the village gate."

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Vietnam has a long history of affiliating with a dominant civilization and adapting that civilization’s ideas, institutions, and technology to Vietnamese purposes. This pattern of affiliating and adapting was already evident in Vietnam’s historical relations with China, and it reappeared as descendants of mandarins responded to the challenge of the West by rejecting tradition and becoming communists to combat colonialism. The pattern was evident again as it animated 20th-century artistic movements that employed Western forms to promote social renovation; and since the 1980s it has been the driving force behind the Vietnam Communist Party’s embrace of economic liberalization and integration into the world economy. Such strategic absorption and adaptation have helped propel Vietnam to become one of the world’s most populous countries, with one of the most rapidly expanding market economies.

The capital, Hanoi , is located in the north, while the country’s largest city, Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), is in the south. Vietnam experienced a period of prolonged warfare in the mid-20th century, and a partitioning (1954–75), first militarily and later politically, into the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, better known as North Vietnam, and the Republic of Vietnam, usually called South Vietnam. Following reunification in April 1975, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was established in July 1976.

With an area and configuration similar to those of Norway, Vietnam extends about 1,025 miles (1,650 km) from north to south and is about 30 miles (50 km) wide east to west at its narrowest part. It is bordered by China to the north, the South China Sea to the east and south, the Gulf of Thailand (Gulf of Siam) to the southwest, and Cambodia and Laos to the west.

Vietnam’s principal physiographic features are the Annamese Cordillera (French: Chaîne Annamitique; Vietnamese: Nui Truong Son), extending generally from northwest to southeast in central Vietnam and dominating the interior, and two extensive alluvial deltas formed by the Red (Hong) River in the north and the Mekong (Cuu Long) River in the south. Between these two deltas is a long, relatively narrow coastal plain.

From north to south the uplands of northern Vietnam can be divided into two distinct regions—the area north of the Red River and the massif that extends south of the Red River into neighbouring Laos. The Red River forms a deep, relatively wide valley that runs in a straight northwest-southeast direction for much of its course from the Chinese border to the edge of its delta. North of the Red River the relief is moderate, with the highest elevations occurring between the Red and Lo (Clear) rivers; there is a marked depression from Cao Bang to the sea. In the Red River delta and in the valleys of the region’s other major rivers are found wide limestone terraces , extensive alluvial plains, and low hills. The northeast coast is dotted with hundreds of islands composed mostly of limestone.

Compared with the area north of the Red River, the vast massif extending southwest across Laos to the Mekong River is of considerably higher elevation. Among its outstanding topographic features is Fan Si Peak , which at 10,312 feet (3,143 metres) is the highest point in Vietnam. South of the Black (Da) River are the Ta P’ing, Son La, and Moc Chau plateaus, which are separated by deep valleys.

In central Vietnam the Annamese Cordillera runs parallel to the coast, with several peaks rising to elevations above 6,000 feet (1,800 metres). Several spurs jut into the South China Sea, forming sections of the coast isolated from one another. Communication across the central ranges is difficult. The southern portion of the Annamese Cordillera has two identifiable regions. One consists of plateaus of approximately 1,700 feet (520 metres) in elevation that have experienced little erosion, as in the Dac Lac Plateau near Buon Me Thuot . The second region is characterized by heavily eroded plateaus: in the vicinity of Pleiku , the Kontum Plateau is about 2,500 feet (760 metres) above sea level; and in the Da Lat area, the Di Linh Plateau is about 4,900 feet (1,500 metres).

Roughly triangular in shape, with its northeast and southwest sides bounded by the northern uplands, the Red River delta extends inland some 150 miles (240 km) and runs some 75 miles (120 km) along the Gulf of Tonkin . The delta can be divided into four subregions. The northwestern section has the highest and most broken terrain, and its extensive natural levees invite settlement despite frequent flooding. The low-lying eastern portion is less than seven feet (two metres) above sea level in the vicinity of Bac Ninh. Rivers there form small valleys only slightly lower than the general surface level, and they are subject to flooding by the area’s unusually high tides. The third and fourth subregions consist, respectively, of the poorly drained lowlands in the west and the coastal area, which is marked by the remains of former beach ridges left as the delta expanded.

The Annamese Cordillera forms a drainage divide, with rivers to the east flowing to the South China Sea and those to the west to the Mekong River . South of the mountain range there is an identifiable terrace region that gives way to the Mekong delta. The terrace region includes the alluvial plains along the Saigon and Dong Nai rivers. The lowlands of southern Vietnam are dominated by alluvial plains, the most extensive of which is the Mekong delta, covering an area of 15,400 square miles (39,900 square km) in Vietnam. Smaller deltaic plains also occur along the south-central coast facing the South China Sea.

In northern Vietnam the heavy monsoonal rains wash away rich humus from the highlands, leaving slow-dissolving alumina and iron oxides that give the soil its characteristic reddish colour. The soils of the Red River delta vary: some are fertile and suitable for intense cultivation, while others lack soluble bases. Nonetheless, the delta soils are easily worked. The diking of the Red River to prevent flooding has deprived the delta’s rice fields of enriching silts they once received, and it has been necessary to apply chemical fertilizers.

There are some two dozen soil associations, but certain soil types predominate. Among these are red and yellow podzolic soils (i.e., soils that are heavily leached in their upper layers, with a resulting accumulation of materials in the lower layers), which occupy nearly half of the land area, and lateritic soils (reddish brown, leached tropical soils), which constitute another one-tenth more. These soil types dominate the central highlands.

Alluvial soils account for about one-fourth of the land in the south and are concentrated in the Mekong delta, as are peat and muck soils. Gray podzolic soils are found in parts of the central highlands and in old terraces along the Mekong, while regurs (rich black loams) and lateritic soils occur in both the central highlands and the terrace zone. Along the coast of central Vietnam are regosols (soft, undeveloped soils) and noncalcic brown soils.

Essay on Vietnam Country

Students are often asked to write an essay on Vietnam Country in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on Vietnam Country

Vietnam – a beautiful country.

Vietnam is a country of stunning beauty and diverse culture. Situated in Southeast Asia, it borders China, Laos, and Cambodia. The country is known for its lush rice paddies, towering mountains, and beautiful beaches.

Rich History

Charming people.

The people of Vietnam are warm and friendly. They are known for their hospitality and generosity. The country is also home to a variety of ethnic groups, each with its own unique culture and traditions.

Vietnamese cuisine is delicious and unique. It is a blend of Chinese, French, and Southeast Asian flavors. Some of the most popular dishes include pho, bun cha, and banh mi.

Amazing Places to Visit

250 words essay on vietnam country, vietnam – a land of beauty and heritage.

Vietnam is a beautiful country located in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the west, and Cambodia to the southwest. Vietnam has a coastline of over 3,000 kilometers and is home to many beautiful beaches, mountains, and rivers.

Diverse Culture and History

Vietnam is a country with a diverse culture and history. It has been influenced by Chinese, Indian, and French cultures. Vietnam has a rich history, dating back to the Bronze Age. The country was unified in the 10th century and has since been ruled by a number of different dynasties.

Thriving Economy and Infrastructure

Vietnam has a thriving economy and is one of the fastest-growing countries in the world. The country has a strong manufacturing sector and is also a major exporter of agricultural products. Vietnam has a well-developed infrastructure, including highways, railways, and airports.

A Popular Tourist Destination

Vietnam is a popular tourist destination, with millions of visitors each year. The country is known for its beautiful beaches, mountains, and rivers. Vietnam is also home to a number of historical and cultural attractions, including the Temple of Literature in Hanoi and the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Ho Chi Minh City.

A Vibrant and Dynamic Country

Vietnam is a vibrant and dynamic country with a rich culture and history. It is a popular tourist destination and has a thriving economy. Vietnam is a country with a bright future and is sure to continue to grow and prosper in the years to come.

500 Words Essay on Vietnam Country

Vietnam: a land of beauty and history, natural wonders.

Vietnam is blessed with an array of natural wonders that captivate the senses. The country’s coastline stretches for over 2,000 miles, boasting pristine beaches, secluded coves, and towering cliffs. The mountains of Vietnam are a trekker’s paradise, with lush forests and breathtaking views. The Mekong Delta, a vast network of rivers and canals, is a unique and fascinating ecosystem that is home to a variety of plant and animal life.

Cultural Heritage

Vietnam’s history is long and storied, and its culture is a vibrant blend of ancient traditions and modern influences. The country is home to numerous historical sites, including ancient temples, imperial palaces, and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Vietnam’s cuisine is also renowned for its delicious and unique flavors, with dishes like pho and bun cha being enjoyed around the world.

Modern Vietnam

Friendly people.

Vietnam is a land of beauty, history, and culture, and has something to offer everyone. From its stunning natural landscapes to its vibrant cities, Vietnam is a country that is sure to leave a lasting impression.

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Essay on the Significance of Vietnamese Culture

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• AlbeeNing. “Religion in Vietnam.” Asia Highlights, 4 May 2018, https://www.asiahighlights.com/vietnam/religion.htm.
• Hays, Jeffrey. “EDUCATION IN VIETNAM.” Facts and Details, http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Vietnam/sub5_9f/entry-3457.html.
• Puma. “Regional Differences in Vietnamese Cuisine - North, Central, and South.” The Christina's Blog, 30 Apr. 2019, https://blog.christinas.vn/regional-differences-in-vietnamese-cuisine/.
• TransferWise. “The Vietnamese Education System: An Overview.” TransferWise, TransferWise, 31 Aug. 2017, https://transferwise.com/gb/blog/vietnamese-education-overview.
• “Vietnam.” Food in Every Country, http://www.foodbycountry.com/Spain-to-Zimbabwe-Cumulative-Index/Vietnam.html.
• “Vietnamese Lifestyle Overview.” AloTrip, https://www.alotrip.com/about-vietnam-culture/vietnamese-lifestyle-overview.
• “Vietnamese Religion: Inside Asia Tours.” Vietnamese Religion | Inside Asia Tours, https://www.insideasiatours.com/southeast-asia/vietnamese-culture/religion/.

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• Heritage Sites of Vietnam

Day 1: Hanoi Arrival

Day 2: Hanoi

Day 3: Hanoi – Ninh Binh

Day 4: Ninh Binh – Thanh Hoa – Ninh Binh

Day 5: Ninh Binh – Halong Bay                                                       

Day 6: Halong Bay – Hanoi – Danang - Hoi An                                   

Day 7: Hoi An - My Son – Hoi An                                

Day 8: Hoi An - Hue

Day 10: Hue – Dong Hoi 

Day 11: Dong Hoi - Phong Nha visit

Day 12: Dong Hoi – Ho Chi Minh City

Day 13: Ho Chi Minh City 

Day 14: Ho Chi Minh City Departure  

Hanoi Arrival       

Arrive in Hanoi and transfer to your hotel in town

The rest of day is at your leisure

Overnight in Hanoi.

Depart the hotel to visit the Temple of Literature, or Quoc Tu Giam. Built in 1076, The Temple of Literature was Vietnam's first university and was established within a temple to educate Vietnam's royalty, mandarins and members of the elite. The grounds of the university, which functioned for 700 years, have been well-preserved

The next stop is a visit to Hanoi’s UNESCO World Heritage Site , the Thang Long Imperial Citadel . The Citadel was constructed on a Chinese fortress dating back from the 7th century and re-built in the 11th century by the Ly Viet Dynasty

We also visit The One Pillar Pagoda, which was founded by King Ly Thai To in 1049. This structure is one of Vietnam’s smallest but most iconic temples. Close by is the mausoleum of the historic father figure of modern Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, and the former presidents house on stilts where he lived from 1958 to 1969

From there head into Hanoi’s Old Quarter, also known as the ‘36 streets’ area. Take a walking tour through charming Hang Be Market and around Hoan Kiem Lake. This bustling area of narrow streets and alleys is home to literally thousands of small businesses and shopkeepers and is a must see in person

In the evening, catch a Water Puppet show, a uniquely North Vietnamese art form depicting scenes from rural life and episodes of national history 

Overnight in Hanoi

Hanoi – Ninh Binh         

Depart in the morning for a Ninh Binh, the site of Vietnam’s first capital, Hoa Lu. Visit the temples dedicated to Emperor Dinh Tien Hoang of the Dinh Dynasty (968-80), and Emperor Le Dai Hanh of the Le Dynasty (980-1009)

After visiting Hoa Lu climb the surrounding limestone karst hills for a spectacular view of the valley

After lunch, visit Trang An Landscape Complex which was listed on UNESCO World Heritage Site in June 2014. Trang An is a spectacular landscape of limestone karst peaks permeated with valleys. The enormous limestone karsts jutting out from the green rice fields lend its name, ‘Halong on Land’

Should you feel adventurous, climb up to Bich Dong Pagoda on nearby Ngu Nhac Mountain, dating back to 1428 and comprising three structures: Ha, Trung, and Thuong Pagodas

Overnight in Binh Dinh

DAY 4 | 80 km

Ninh Binh – Thanh Hoa – Ninh Binh   

Start the day with a visit to the remote Ho Citadel , which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2011, situated in nearby Thanh Hoa Province. Ho Citadel remains consist of the Inner Citadel, La Thanh Outer Wall and the Nam Giao Altar, which are designed for a centralized imperial city in order to show a concept of royal power. The use of large stone walls with traditional feng shui principles are the main characters that represent the almost intact Ho Citadel.

Transfer back to Ninh Binh in the afternoon and enjoy the remainder of the day at leisure

Consider a walk or bicycle ride through the rice paddy fields that surround your hotel to soak up the beauty of the country side, or if time permits make an optional trip to Cuc Phuong National Park – Vietnam’s first national park established in 1962

Overnight in Ninh Binh

DAY 5 | 200 km

Ninh Binh – Halong Bay         

Depart Ninh Binh in the morning for Halong Bay , perhaps Vietnam’s most famous and most popular UNESCO World Heritage site . The name ‘Ha Long’ means the dragon descending into the sea and owes its origins to a Vietnamese myth.

Arrive at the Halong Bay jetty around noon and proceed with check-in formalities before boarding a boat for your unforgettable overnight cruise on Halong bay. After your welcome onboard, a lunch will be served while cruising towards the bay itself

In the afternoon, enjoy some visits and/or activities (depending on each boat’s itinerary) or just spend some time relaxing on board. Towards the end of the day the boat sets anchor for the night among the karst formations. Dinner is served on board

Overnight on board the boat in Halong Bay

Halong Bay – Hanoi – Hoi An             

Experience the sunrise over the emerald waters of Halong Bay

Mid-morning the boat will return to shore

Disembark and transfer to Hanoi Airport for the mid-late afternoon flight to Danang in Central Vietnam

On arrival in Danang, transfer to the nearby historic Hoi An town. Hoi An was a major Asian trading port from the 15th to the 19th centuries. The ‘ Hoi An Ancient Town ’ was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999. While the architecture has been regulated to remain intact, the town has come alive with modern cafes, shops and entertainment making it a favourite destination for international visitors

Overnight in Hoi An

Hoi An - My Son – Hoi An   

Head out in the morning to another of Central Vietnam’s UNESCO World Heritage sites – the temple complex at My Son Sanctuary

My Son was the homeland of the grand Champa Kingdom who built dozens of red brick towers during the 7th – 13th centuries. The sanctuary is situated in an impressive location surrounded by hills, around 35 km inland from the coast at Hoi An. Whilst not as spectacular as the great Angkor complexes in Cambodia, the remaining structures are atmospheric enough to conjure images of the majesty of the Champa Kingdom

Return to Hoi An just in time for a sunset walking tour and explore the ancient trading ports unique characteristic: wooden-fronted houses that once belonged to the town’s prosperous merchants, the Japanese-covered Bridge and the wonderful market as well as the silk, handicrafts, antique shops and galleries that take you back in time

Enjoy the evening at leisure exploring some of the local cafes and restaurants

DAY 8 | 150 km

Hoi An - Hue 

Start the day with a Vietnamese cooking class, one that takes you through the entire process of sourcing ingredients in the local market through to preparing your own lunch. A hands-on experience is the best way to become more familiar with the art of Vietnamese cuisine

All efforts are rewarded with the lunch that you have made for yourself!

After the cooking class, you will depart from Hoi An for a 3-hour drive through Hai Van Pass to Hue, the former citadel of the very last Nguyen Dynasty

Overnight in Hue

This morning after breakfast, depart from your hotel in Hue for a city tour to explore the UNESCO World Heritage listed ‘ Complex of Hue Monuments’

The structures of The Complex of Hue Monuments are carefully placed within the natural setting of the site and aligned cosmologically with the Five Cardinal Points (centre, west, east, north, south), the Five Elements (earth, metal, wood, water, fire), and the Five Colours (yellow, white, blue, black, red). The Imperial Citadel is where the Nguyen Dynasty ruled between 1802 and 1945, this ancient citadel reflects the pomp and ceremony of the dynastic rulers as well as the scars of many years of turmoil, both ancient and modern

From the citadel, take a cyclo through dai noi ‘Old City’ to Tinh Tam Lake where the Emperors used to come to relax. If you come during the summer, the water will be full of lotus flowers, while nearly year round the local style coffee shops are full of young Vietnamese congregating

Continue to visit Thien Mu (Celestial Lady) Pagoda overlooking the Perfume River; constructed in 1601, the 21-meter tall tower is the centerpiece of the pagoda and represents seven reincarnations of Buddha

After a lunch to experience authentic Hue style cuisine, head out to visit Khai Dinh’s Tomb which is Vietnamese in design with European influences, making it unique from the other tombs in Hue. On the way back to Hue, visit Ho Quyen (tiger arena). Built in 1830 during the reign of Minh Mang emperor, the arena was the stage of yearly battles between an elephant and a tiger. The arena is a rarity of Asian architecture and is still intact

IN the afternoon, head to the Dong Ba market, a must see in Hue, where the stalls are teeming with color and a great place to catch a glimpse of everyday life

Hue – Dong Hoi 

Transfer to Dong Hoi in the morning via Highway 1 across the Hien Luong Bridge and over the Ben Hai River, which demarcated North and South Vietnam

This area saw some of the heaviest fighting during the war. Doc Mieu Firebase, which lies just north of here, played a pivotal role and was the command post for calling in airstrikes along the Ho Chi Minh Trail

The journey from here to Vinh Moc Tunnels is scenic after you leave the main highway, pass through quaint villages and skirt along Cua Tung Beach. The village of Vinh Moc found itself tragically positioned in one of the most heavily bombed areas of Vietnam.  In order to escape this bombardment, the villagers constructed approximately 2.8 km of underground tunnels

From Vinh Moc drive to Truong Son National Cemetery where the remains of some 15,000 Vietnamese soldiers and civilians have been laid to rest

Overnight in Dong Hoi

Phong Nha     

In the morning head out to the Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park , which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003. The National Park contains and protects over 104 km of caves and underground rivers making it one of the most outstanding limestone karst ecosystems in the world. The karst landscape is not only complex but also ancient (more than 400 million years ago), with high geo-diversity and geomorphic features of considerable significance in the world

On arrival in Phong Nha area visit the Paradise Cave, which was opened to the public in 2010. Here you have a chance to see one of the larger and most impressive accessible caves in the area

Take a leisurely boat trip down the Son River to the mouth of the Phong Nha cave, passing by the entrance to the 'Cave of Teeth and Wind’. The area has numerous grottoes and caves and so far only a total of 20 caves with a total length of 70km have been surveyed

Dong Hoi – Ho Chi Minh City       

In the morning transfer to Dong Hoi Airport and on to Ho Chi Minh City

In the afternoon, take a tour of some of the main sites, including the Reunification Palace, the Old Saigon Post Office, Dong Khoi Street, the Continental Hotel, Opera House and City Hall

Visit the War Remnants Museum where exhibition halls display imagery of both the French and ‘American’ wars

Continue to the Jade Emperor Pagoda located on the fringes of district 1. Dating from 1909 and built by Cantonese Buddhists, this quiet oasis was designed using feng shui principals showcasing ornate statues and effigies.

Enjoy the rest of the day at your leisure and experience some of Saigon’s nightlife

Overnight in Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City                                                                                                                          

Start the day with an early morning market visit to sample Saigon’s best offering: it’s delicious street food. Walk around the vibrant and colorful wet market early in the morning to experience the local life and taste some of the Vietnamese people’s favorite local delicacies

Take the afternoon at your leisure and explore other parts of the city

In the evening, board a river cruise for a 3-hour dinner. Seeing the city from the water is a unique experience

Ho Chi Minh City Departure         

Enjoy the morning at leisure before heading out on your next adventure

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•   Attractions
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Vietnam Heritage

Heritage is one of the most specious treasures of Vietnam , contributing to advertise this charming country to international tourists. Vietnamese heritages are various including national and international heritages, tangible and intangible ones; cultural, natural or documentary ones, etc.  

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Home / Essay Samples / Culture / Vietnamese / The Significance Of Vietnamese Culture

The Significance Of Vietnamese Culture

• Category: Life , Sociology , Culture
• Topic: Change , Culture and Communication , Vietnamese

Pages: 3 (1393 words)

Views: 2046

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Works cited

• AlbeeNing. “Religion in Vietnam. ” Asia Highlights, 4 May 2018, https://www. asiahighlights. com/vietnam/religion. htm.
• Hays, Jeffrey. “EDUCATION IN VIETNAM. ” Facts and Details, http://factsanddetails. com/southeast-asia/Vietnam/sub5_9f/entry-3457. html.
• Puma. “Regional Differences in Vietnamese Cuisine - North, Central and South. ” The Christina's Blog, 30 Apr. 2019, https://blog. christinas. vn/regional-differences-in-vietnamese-cuisine/.
• TransferWise. “The Vietnamese Education System: An Overview. ” TransferWise, TransferWise, 31 Aug. 2017, https://transferwise. com/gb/blog/vietnamese-education-overview.
• “Vietnam. ” Food in Every Country, http://www. foodbycountry. com/Spain-to-Zimbabwe-Cumulative-Index/Vietnam. html.
• “Vietnamese Lifestyle Overview. ” AloTrip, https://www. alotrip. com/about-vietnam-culture/vietnamese-lifestyle-overview.
• “Vietnamese Religion: Inside Asia Tours. ” Vietnamese Religion | Inside Asia Tours, https://www. insideasiatours. com/southeast-asia/vietnamese-culture/religion/ .

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