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Internet of Things (IoT)

The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) describes a network of “things” physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies in order to communicate and share data over the Internet with other devices and systems. IoT is a network in which, through network devices or routers and data exchange, all physical objects such as mechanical and digital machines, interrelated computing devices, animals, or humans are linked to the internet. Such devices vary from ordinary household items to specialized industrial instruments. Experts expect this number to rise to 10 billion by 2020 and 22 billion by 2025, with more than 7 billion linked IoT devices today.

IoT makes it possible to remotely control artifacts through the current network infrastructure; it also allows for autonomous system control. Over the past few years, the IoT has been one of the most significant 21st-century inventions. Now that we can connect kitchen appliances, vehicles, thermostats, baby monitors to the internet through embedded devices with everyday items, seamless communication between people, processes, and stuff is possible. Due to the integration of various technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors, and embedded devices, the concept of the Internet of things has evolved. The Internet of Things is made possible by traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation (including home and building automation), and others.

With minimal human interference, physical items can exchange and collect data through low-cost computing, the cloud, big data, analytics, and mobile technologies. Digital systems can log, track, and change each interaction between connected things in this hyper-connected world. In the consumer market, IoT innovation is generally inseparable from items relating to the idea of the “smart home”, including gadgets and machines, (for example, lighting installations, indoor regulators, home security frameworks and cameras, and other home apparatuses) that help one or more normal biological systems, and can be controlled through gadgets related with that environment, for example, cell phones and keen speakers.

Kevin Ashton (a British technology pioneer) of Procter & Gamble, later MIT’s Auto-ID Center, coined the word “Internet of things” (IoT) in 1999, although he prefers the expression” Internet for things. He considered radio-frequency identification (RFID) at that stage as the key to the Internet of Things, allowing computers to handle all individual things.

Today, IoT and the possibilities of rising sales, reducing operating costs, and enhancing efficiencies inspire companies. From output flow tracking and remote equipment control to condition-based warnings and more, IoT affects every aspect of manufacturing. In order to minimize wastage, IoT-driven product flow management helps maximize material use. IoT gadget organizations give the information and bits of knowledge important to smooth out work processes, picture use designs, computerize measures, meet consistent prerequisites, and contend all the more viably in a changing business condition.

Healthcare IoT also allows connectivity from machine to machine, sharing of information, and interoperability to make healthcare delivery efficient. It can collect reports and analyze data in real-time, thus reducing the need for raw data to be processed. The fourth wave of the industrial revolution is often referred to as IoT, or Industry 4.0. The following are some common uses for IoT:

• Smart manufacturing
• Preventive and predictive maintenance
• Smart power grids
• Smart cities
• Connected and smart logistics
• Smart digital supply chains

Logistics can be converted from IoT to output to delivery. IoT also significantly helps the unit and weapon system. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification System) is an automated technology that allows artifacts and metadata to be recognized by computers. When connecting RFID to the internet terminal, readers can, if necessary, automatically recognize, track, and monitor attached objects in real-time; this uses IoT. With cloud-based IoT applications, business clients can rapidly improve existing cycles for gracefully chains, client care, HR, and money related administrations. There’s no compelling reason to reproduce whole business measures.

It’s the latest revolution; it is assumed that IoT would alter the way people connect, work, and live. In recent years, the IoT’s most significant development has been the exponential growth of Internet-connected and regulated devices. The wide scopes of utilizations for IoT innovation imply that the particulars can be altogether different starting with one gadget then onto the next yet there are fundamental qualities shared by most. Beginning from home apparatuses to huge modern hardware, all that will be savvy. IoT is the up and coming age of innovation.

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• San Diego Padres

Joe Musgrove's encouraging take after long injury layoff

Joe Musgrove's next start could be in the majors.

Russell Steinberg

As the San Diego Padres fight for a playoff spot, pitcher Joe Musgrove could be nearing a return.

Musgrove is with the team as it plays in Pittsburgh this week, according to MLB.com's AJ Cassavell. Musgrove said he is not sure if he will require another rehab start, but that when he ultimately returns, he will likely be under an innings limit.

“I feel physically ready,” Musgrove told Cassavell.

Padres manager Mike Shildt gave fans even more reason to be excited, saying it is a “ high probability ” that Musgrove returns on a limited pitch count for San Diego's weekend series against the Miami Marlins.

If Musgrove is able to return, he will try to salvage what has been a lost season. He got off to a brutal start to 2024, pitching to a 6.37 ERA in his first eight starts. Then, a bone spur in his right elbow forced him to the Injured List in early May. He returned to start two more games by the end of the month, pitching well over 8.1 total innings before the same injury flared up and the Padres shut him down .

“Ultimately, we just didn’t give it enough rest the last time around,” Musgrove said at the time. “If I can go out there and throw pain-free — or even if there’s a little bit of discomfort, but I can have a clean delivery and feel confident about letting the ball go — we’ll probably start looking at progressing. But right now, I can’t let the ball go. I don’t trust anything that’s coming out of my hand.”

Cassavell also noted that shortstop Ha-Seong Kim was scratched from the lineup Tuesday night due to soreness in his right triceps, which started yesterday and flared up again when he began taking swings pregame. His status moving forward is still unknown.

Joe Musgrove could return to a Padres team poised for a postseason run

The Padres revamped their bullpen and added some starting pitching depth at the trade deadline to complement an average offense. By bringing in relievers Jason Adam, Tanner Scott, and Bryan Hoeing, Padres GM AJ Preller has fortified the later innings, taking pressure off what has been a strong starting rotation.

The Padres also added Martin Perez, who struck out seven over 6 innings in his team debut. His addition was necessary with Musgrove hurt and Yu Darvish away from the team. Though he's primarily a starter, Perez has pitched out of the bullpen before and can do so again if Musgrove comes back strong.

As of August 6, San Diego is tied with the Braves and Diamondbacks in the National League wild card hunt and a game-and-a-half ahead of the Mets, the first team out of the field. The Padres are also 8-2 in their past 10 games, putting them five games behind the Dodgers in the NL West. A division championship seems unlikely, but it's not out of the question.

If Musgrove can return and stay healthy down the stretch, the Padres will count on him being the pitcher they've seen the past three seasons. From 2021-23, he pitched to a 3.05 ERA over 78 starts, striking out 9.5 batters per nine innings and walking 2.3. A 2022 National League All-Star, Musgrove is making $20 million per year through 2027, his age 34 season.

Russell Steinberg covers Major League Baseball and the New York Liberty for ClutchPoints. A baseball and basketball lifer, he has written for Boardroom, SLAM, SB Nation, The Next, and more. He graduated from NYU in 2012 and still returns to serve as PA announcer and occasional broadcaster for the school’s basketball and volleyball teams.

🚨 Get viral MLB graphics, memes, rumors and trending news delivered right to your inbox with the Clutch Newsletter.

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Max Muncy Expected To Get Rehab Assignment Shortly For Dodgers

Valentina martinez | aug 10, 2024.

• Los Angeles Dodgers

Los Angeles Dodgers third baseman Max Muncy is set to begin his rehab assignment at Triple-A Oklahoma City on Saturday.

#Dodgers 3B Max Muncy and UTIL Tommy Edman will begin rehab assignments at triple-A OKC on Saturday. RHP Walker Buehler will probably rejoin rotation in Milwaukee next Thursday. — Mike DiGiovanna (@MikeDiGiovanna) August 9, 2024

All signs point to the power hitter making a return to Los Angeles very soon. The rehab assignment provides a sense of relief for fans who have long-awaited Muncy's return in the wake of an intense National League West division race.

Muncy will be accompanied by new Dodgers teammate Tommy Edman in Oklahoma City.

The trade deadline acquisition has yet to make his Dodgers debut. Edman is recovering from a wrist injury and ankle issue.

Upon completion of Edman's rehab assignment, he will make his way to Los Angeles.

Muncy was sidelined by a right oblique injury in May. The ailment prevents the third baseman from swinging comfortably and has slowed his return to the Los Angeles lineup.

Muncy participated in a simulated game on Thursday at Dodger Stadium along with superstar Mookie Betts. Betts is set to make his return to the Dodgers by Aug. 12-13 and it appears that Muncy won't be too far behind his teammate.

Manager Dave Roberts shared that Muncy experienced a "breakthrough" in his recovery a few weeks ago following a chiropractic adjustment.

“Max had a real good breakthrough with how he felt,” Roberts told reporters on July 31 . “So I’m really encouraged. I talked to him by text today. So I think that we’ve kind of crossed a hurdle.”

“There was a chiropractic adjustment that kind of aligned things in there, in the ribs, which is great,” Roberts added. “So when everything’s telling you that you’re healthy and you’re fine, sometimes it’s kind of a body lineup thing that gets things back in line, right?”

Of all the injured Dodgers starters, Muncy has spent the most time on the Injured List. He's spent more than 11 weeks on the list. His recovery process looked pretty bleak until Roberts announced a positive update on Muncy after what seemed like the third baseman would miss the rest of the season.

Before his injury, Muncy was on pace to match last season's slugging percentage where he posted a career-high 36 home runs and 17 doubles.

Muncy is another power bat in the Dodgers' arsenal that the team could use down the stretch. As Padres and Diamondbacks close in on the 2.5 game lead Los Angeles holds, the return of Muncy would signify a deeper lineup.

VALENTINA MARTINEZ

Group Dynamics and Team

Dec 19, 2019

340 likes | 436 Views

Group Dynamics and Team. Definition Theories on group Stages of group development The punctuated equilibrium model Types f group Why do people join group The Schechter study Factors that increase or decrease group cohesiveness. The nature of teams Why teams have become popular

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Group Dynamics and Team www.AssignmentPoint.com

www.AssignmentPoint.com Definition Theories on group Stages of group development The punctuated equilibrium model Types f group Why do people join group The Schechter study Factors that increase or decrease group cohesiveness. The nature of teams Why teams have become popular Difference between group and team Different kinds of teams Team effectiveness model

What is group A comprehensive definition of group would say that if a group exists in an organization , its members: • Are motivated to join • Perceive the group as a unified unit of interacting people. • Contribute in various amounts to the group process. • Reach agreements and have disagreements through various forms of interaction. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Defining and Classifying Groups Group(s) Two or more individuals interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Formal Group A designated work group defined by the organization’s structure. Informal Group A group that is neither formally structured now organizationally determined; appears in response to the need for social contact. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Defining and Classifying Groups (cont’d) Command Group A group composed of the individuals who report directly to a given manager. Task Group Those working together to complete a job or task. Interest Group Those working together to attain a specific objective with which each is concerned. Friendship Group Those brought together because they share one or more common characteristics. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Theories of Group Formation • Propinquity theory: Spatial or geographical proximity. Depends on activities, interactions and sentiments. • Balance theory: Theory states that People are attracted to one another on the basis of similar attitudes towards commonly relevant objects and goals. • Exchange theory: based on the exchange theory of motivation. www.AssignmentPoint.com

The Hawthorne Studies • A series of studies undertaken by Elton Mayo at Western Electric Company’s Hawthorne Works in Chicago between 1924 and 1932. • Research Conclusions: • Worker behavior and sentiments were closely related. • Group influences (norms) were significant in affecting individual behavior. • Group standards (norms) were highly effective in establishing individual worker output. • Money was less a factor in determining worker output than were group standards, sentiments, and security. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Stages of Group Development • Forming: characterized by much uncertainty. • Storming: Intragroup conflict • Norming: close relationship and cohesiveness. • Performing: Functioning • Adjourning: Wrapping up activities. www.AssignmentPoint.com

The Five-Stage Model of Group Development Forming StageThe first stage in group development, characterized by much uncertainty. Storming StageThe second stage in group development, characterized by intragroup conflict. Norming StageThe third stage in group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness. www.AssignmentPoint.com

…Group Development (cont’d) Performing Stage The fourth stage in group development, when the group is fully functional. Adjourning Stage The final stage in group development for temporary groups, characterized by concern with wrapping up activities rather than performance. www.AssignmentPoint.com

The Punctuated Equilibrium Model • The first meeting sets the group direction. • The first phase starts. • Transition takes place at the end of first phase. • Transition initiates major changes • The second phase starts • The last meeting is marked by accelerated activity. www.AssignmentPoint.com

An Alternative Model: Temporary Groups with Deadlines Punctuated-Equilibrium Model Temporary groups go through transitions between inertia and activity. • Sequence of actions: • Setting group direction • First phase of inertia • Half-way point transition • Major changes • Second phase of inertia • Accelerated activity www.AssignmentPoint.com

Group Structure - Roles (cont’d) Role(s) A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit. Role Identity Certain attitudes and behaviors consistent with a role. Role Perception An individual’s view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Group Structure - Roles (cont’d) Role Expectations How others believe a person should act in a given situation. Psychological Contract An unwritten agreement that sets out what management expects from the employee and vice versa. Role Conflict A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Group Structure - Norms Norms Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members. • Classes of Norms: • Performance norms • Appearance norms • Social arrangement norms • Allocation of resources norms www.AssignmentPoint.com

Group Norms Status Equity Culture Group Structure - Status Status A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others. Group MemberStatus www.AssignmentPoint.com

Why do people join group • Security • Status • Self esteem • Affiliation • Power • Goal achievement www.AssignmentPoint.com

Types of Groups • Small group or Primary group • Coalition: Group of individual working for a specific purpose in a formal organization’s formal structure lacking a formal internal structure and having mutual perception of membership. • Member and reference group • In group and out group • Committees • Cross cultural teams • Informal groups: Political, friendship or common interest reasons. • Organizaitonal group: command group, task group www.AssignmentPoint.com

Group Structure - Composition Group Demography The degree to which members of a group share a common demographic attribute, such as age, sex, race, educational level, or length of service in the organization, and the impact of this attribute on turnover. Cohorts Individuals who, as part of a group, hold a common attribute. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Group Structure - Cohesiveness Cohesiveness Degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group. • Increasing group cohesiveness: • Make the group smaller. • Encourage agreement with group goals. • Increase time members spend together. • Increase group status and admission difficultly. • Stimulate competition with other groups. • Give rewards to the group, not individuals. • Physically isolate the group. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Group Tasks • Decision-making • Large groups facilitate the pooling of information about complex tasks. • Smaller groups are better suited to coordinating and facilitating the implementation of complex tasks. • Simple, routine standardized tasks reduce the requirement that group processes be effective in order for the group to perform well. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Strengths More complete information Increased diversity of views Higher quality of decisions (more accuracy) Increased acceptance of solutions Weaknesses More time consuming (slower) Increased pressure to conform Domination by one or a few members Ambiguous responsibility Group Decision Making www.AssignmentPoint.com

Group Decision Making (cont’d) Groupthink Phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative course of action. Groupshift A change in decision risk between the group’s decision and the individual decision that member within the group would make; can be either toward conservatism or greater risk. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Symptoms Of The Groupthink Phenomenon • Group members rationalize any resistance to the assumptions they have made. • Members apply direct pressures on those who express doubts about shared views or who question the alternative favored by the majority. • Members who have doubts or differing points of view keep silent about misgivings. • There appears to be an illusion of unanimity. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Group Decision-Making Techniques Interacting Groups Typical groups, in which the members interact with each other face-to-face. Nominal Group Technique A group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Group Decision-Making Techniques Brainstorming An idea-generation process that specifically encourages any and all alternatives, while withholding any criticism of those alternatives. Electronic Meeting A meeting in which members interact on computers, allowing for anonymity of comments and aggregation of votes. www.AssignmentPoint.com

The Nature of Team • Group has a clearly strong focused leader, Team has shared leadership roles. • Group has individual accountability, team has individual and mutual accountability. • Purpose of the group is same as organization , purpose of a team is specific. • The work product of group is individual but team has collective work product. (Synergistic) • Group runs efficient meetings. Team encourages open ended active problem solving meeting. • Group discusses , decides and delegates. Team discusses, decides and does real work. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Why Have Teams Become So Popular • Teams typically outperform individuals. • Teams use employee talents better. • Teams are more flexible and responsive to changes in the environment. • Teams facilitate employee involvement. • Teams are an effective way to democratize and organization and increase motivation. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Different kinds of Team • Cross functional team • Virtual team • Self managed team • Problem solving team www.AssignmentPoint.com

Performance Expected Actual (due to loafing) Group Size Group Structure - Size Social LoafingThe tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. • Other conclusions: • Odd number groups do better than even. • Groups of 7 or 9 perform better overall than larger or smaller groups. www.AssignmentPoint.com

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