write an essay on advertising as a tool of communication

Essay On Advertisement

500 words essay on advertisement.

We all are living in the age of advertisements. When you step out, just take a quick look around and you will lay eyes upon at least one advertisement in whichever form. In today’s modern world of trade and business, advertisement plays an essential role. All traders, big and small, make use of it to advertise their goods and services. Through essay on advertisement, we will go through the advantages and ways of advertisements.

The Various Ways Of Advertisement

Advertisements help people become aware of any product or service through the use of commercial methods. This kind of publicity helps to endorse a specific interest of a person for product sale.

As the world is becoming more competitive now, everyone wants to be ahead in the competition. Thus, the advertisement also comes under the same category. Advertising is done in a lot of ways.

There is an employment column which lists down job vacancies that is beneficial for unemployed candidates. Similarly, matrimonial advertisement help people find a bride or groom for marriageable prospects.

Further, advertising also happens to find lost people, shops, plots, good and more. Through this, people get to know about a nearby shop is on sale or the availability of a new tutor or coaching centre.

Nowadays, advertisements have evolved from newspapers to the internet. Earlier there were advertisements in movie theatres, magazines, building walls. But now, we have the television and internet which advertises goods and services.

As a large section of society spends a lot of time on the internet, people are targeting their ads towards it. A single ad posting on the internet reaches to millions of people within a matter of few seconds. Thus, advertising in any form is effective.

Benefits of Advertisements

As advertisements are everywhere, for some magazines and newspapers, it is their main source of income generation. It not only benefit the producer but also the consumer. It is because producers get sales and consumer gets the right product.

Moreover, the models who act in the advertisements also earn a handsome amount of money . When we look at technology, we learn that advertising is critical for establishing contact between seller and buyer.

This medium helps the customers to learn about the existence and use of such goods which are ready to avail in the market. Moreover, advertisement manages to reach the nooks and corners of the world to target their potential customers.

Therefore, it benefits a lot of people. Through advertising, people also become aware of the price difference and quality in the market. This allows them to make good choices and not fall to scams.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of Essay On Advertisement

All in all, advertisements are very useful but they can also be damaging. Thus, it is upon us to use them with sense and ensure they are entertaining and educative. None of us can escape advertisements as we are already at this age. But, what we can do is use our intelligence for weeding out the bad ones and benefitting from the right ones.

FAQ on Essay On Advertisement

Question 1: What is the importance of advertisement in our life?

Answer 1: Advertising is the best way to communicate with customers. It helps informs the customers about the brands available in the market and the variety of products which can be useful to them.

Question 2: What are the advantages of advertising?

Answer 2: The advantages of advertising are that firstly, it introduces a new product in the market. Thus, it helps in expanding the market. As a result, sales also increase. Consumers become aware of and receive better quality products.

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Essay Samples on Advertising

The role of advertising in society: functions and effects.

Advertising has become an omnipresent force in modern society, shaping our perceptions, influencing our choices, and impacting our culture. This essay delves into the multifaceted role of advertising in society, exploring its functions, effects on consumers, and broader implications for culture and the economy. Functions...

• Advertising

Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Advertising: Navigating the Digital Marketplace

In today's interconnected world, online advertising has become an integral part of business strategies, revolutionizing the way companies promote their products and services. With its potential to reach vast audiences, online advertising offers a range of advantages and disadvantages that shape the dynamics of the...

• Marketing and Advertising

The Role That Consumer Behavior Plays on Advertising and Cancel Culture

Society has been conditioned into a consumer culture by advertising outlets since the beginning of time. Advertising in mass media is common to all in America. The mediums for advertising include television, internet, radio, print media and mobile app platforms. Through various marketing methods, advertising...

• Cancel Culture
• Consumer Behavior

Should Artists Music Be Used in Advertisements

Music should definitely be used in advertisements because it creates appealing commercials, it supports a musician’s growing career, and it benefits the sales of a corporation. First of all, music in advertisements displays a fully pleasing commercial. In other words, music has potential to give...

Typography: From Billboards to Street Signs

Typography is everywhere we look, in the books we read on the websites we visit even in everyday life, from billboards to street signs, product packaging and even on your mobile phone. It is the art and technique of designing and arranging type. Today the...

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Way of Struggling Brands and Advertising or Word-Of-Mouth

Amazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. Reviewers must evaluate the product on system from 1 to 5 stars. Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicate the real name of the reviewer and indicates that the reviewer...

How Advertising Influences Consumer Behaviour

In the modern day world , every concept has theories from past decade to explain its existence which is also in the case of advertising. The advertising theories tries to explain how advertising influences consumer behaviour and also how it establishes a base for an...

The Advertisement Analysis Of The Pears Soap

The first bar of the iconic transparent Pears soap was manufactured in London in 1807. Over the course of two centuries, Pears has released multiple advertisements in order to convince consumers to buy their product. Pears’ website boasts about the uniqueness and purity of their...

The Analysis Of Small World Machines Advertisement

Introduction Advertisement becomes an important role in this modern era. Advertisement is a way to promote the company’s product and services. Most of the big firms create their brand image through the advertisement. In this paper, I am going to analyze the Coca Cola advertisement...

That’s Nutellable’: An Analysis Of Advertisement Of Nutella

It is very hard to find someone in the world, especially western world, who does not know ‘nutella’. Nutella has been originated in Italy in 1940 by a pastry chef Pietro Ferrero. Since then, Nutella has been one of the most delightful experiences of the...

• Advertising Analysis

Analysis Of Comcast Advertisement, A Popular Ad

Description of AD The ad message came from COMCAST NBUNIVERSAL and was advertised through the Politica magazine published on October 16th, 2019. A URL has been provided at the left bottom of the magazine. The ad contains an image of people and a laptop which...

Advertisement Analysis: Analysing The Old Spice Ad

Most people watch television everyday, and there are many ads that present themselves in between every program. If you do watch television, then you’ve most likely seen the iconic Old Spice commercials with the rapid talking actor Isaiah Mustafa. The commercial series first went on...

Ad Analysis Of The Allies, Hitler's Campaign

“All propaganda has to be popular and has to accommodate itself to the comprehension of the least intelligent of those whom it seeks to reach” -Adolf Hitler. This is ironic because Hitler used propaganda to help try to exterminate the Jewish people, but he makes...

The Semiotic Advertisement Analysis: Connotations And Denotations

Advertisements are a rich source for semiotic investigation and frequently reveal significant ideological attitudes. Once having analysed L’Oreal’s text, by using semiotic techniques, one will realise that not only are they advertising their well-known products (the lipstick), but they are simultaneously fortifying beliefs and values...

Ad Analysis: The Objectification And Sexism In Original Red

If you were to observe the world around you one would notice that advertisements are everywhere. They surround us in our day to day lives on billboards, phones, media, television, radios, etc. making up a vast majority of our ever-circulating culture. No two are exactly...

History of Wendy’s: Analysis of the Dave’s Single Advertisement

Wendy's is an American international fast food restaurant chain founded by Dave Thomas on November 15, 1969, in Columbus, Ohio. The company moved its headquarters to Dublin, Ohio. on January 29, 2006. The chain is known for its square hamburgers, sea salt fries, and their...

Overview of the Effects of Direct Mail Distribution

When a company or business starts, the owners need to advertize it to raise awareness about the certain company. For this task, they advertise themselves by mails, pamphlets and other means available depending on the budget. Direct mail is defined as the delivery of the...

Messages of Political Propaganda in Advertising for Young Children

The definition of propaganda is about spreading information with a cause, whereas advertising is an attempt to influence the buying behaviour of customers or clients using a persuasive message. The similarity of both words is for the cause of spreading, even if it includes engraving...

Overview on Brands Impact on Turning Society Into Lost Personalities 

Americans are worst when it comes to consumerism; that’s a well known fact. If it would be up to numbers for example, they constitute only %5 of the entire world population but they consume %24 of the energy in the world. They eat 200 billion...

The Manipulation of Search Engine Technology in Advertising

Locating the brand also face changes in web search engine marketing which includes spam, fierce competition and fraud click. One of the effective ways of audience acquisition strategy is search engine marketing (SEM), SEM allow firms to advertise their product on search engines (Boughton, 2005)....

• Search Engine
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Weight Loss Advertisement and Product Targeting

In today's society there many flyers around the world on huge poster boards showing some sort of product targeting at women and men at ages 15 and up into reducing their own weight. The public tend to feel determined about their physical appearance, so experimenting...

• Target Market
• Weight Loss

The Breakdown of Burger King's Advertising Strategy

Executive summary For about 60 years, Burger King has served fire seared cheeseburgers at a reasonable cost. In this sense, the inexpensive food chain best known for it’s larger than average sandwich has been only predictable. This paper will analyze the picture changes Burger King...

• Burger King

Ireland'S Ancient East Campaign Marketing Analysis

Ireland’s Ancient East has been developed by Fáilte Ireland as a branded visitor experience showcasing Ireland’s living culture and ancient heritage that Ireland has to offer in the midlands/eastern half of the country. To date Fáilte Ireland has invested €31 million into developing the brand....

How Advertisement Can Be Very Insulting Towards Women

Some will say that society nowadays is shape by what our politician thinks or believes in, in fact their personal views shapes the society and others will says those whom their accounts are filled with millions of dollars or those managing or owning the biggest...

Analyse Structures And Techniques Of Television Advertisements

In this section you need to analyse and discuss the various techniques used in a range of UK television advertisements. This can be submitted via a typed report or a presentation. Using the materials on Its Learning, you need to EXPLAIN and provide an example...

Analysis Of Persuasive Elements In McDonalds's Advertisements

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Analysis Of The Effective Marketing Communication In Ads

The promotion mix is the specific blend of promotion tools that the company uses to persuasively communicate customer value and build customer relationship; Advertising is among these promotion tools and is defined as any paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or...

Effects Of Polarized Advertising On Consumers

Nike’s recent advertisement highlighting former NFL quarterback and Black Lives Matter figurehead Colin Kaepernick was met with deep sentiments of polarization (Green, 2018). This polarization resulted in some consumers declaring that they would never buy a product from Nike again, and other customers increasing their...

• Marketing Management

Research Of The Effects Of Featuring Ads On The Apps Used By Smartphone Users

Introduction The marketing and advertising industry have undergone rapid and tremendous changes over the last couple of years owing to constantly changing technology. Marketing techniques have seen a significant deviation from the conventional methods of engaging customers since the steady rise of the internet and...

The Effectiveness Of Online Advertising Towards Amazon

Executive Summary Through this research, we will understand that the effectiveness of online advertising towards Amazon and identify the advertising can create customers satisfaction among online customers in Malaysia. Customers satisfaction is important for business to earn more profits and gain customers’ loyalty. Customers’ loyalty...

• Online Shopping

The Honest Ads Act In The United States

In the US, Senators have suggested the Honest Ads Act, even as they study other procedures. Those who play out political advertisements on television, radio or print are required to reveal who funded the advertisement. This recommended Act seeks to level the playing arena for...

• American History

The Impact Of Edward Bernays On Advertising

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• Mass Communication
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Best topics on Advertising

1. The Role of Advertising in Society: Functions and Effects

2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Advertising: Navigating the Digital Marketplace

3. The Role That Consumer Behavior Plays on Advertising and Cancel Culture

4. Should Artists Music Be Used in Advertisements

5. Typography: From Billboards to Street Signs

6. Way of Struggling Brands and Advertising or Word-Of-Mouth

7. How Advertising Influences Consumer Behaviour

8. The Advertisement Analysis Of The Pears Soap

9. The Analysis Of Small World Machines Advertisement

10. That’s Nutellable’: An Analysis Of Advertisement Of Nutella

11. Analysis Of Comcast Advertisement, A Popular Ad

12. Advertisement Analysis: Analysing The Old Spice Ad

13. Ad Analysis Of The Allies, Hitler’s Campaign

14. The Semiotic Advertisement Analysis: Connotations And Denotations

15. Ad Analysis: The Objectification And Sexism In Original Red

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• Comparative Analysis
• Mcdonald's
• Dunkin Donuts
• Business Analysis

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Article contents

Advertising and persuasion.

• Kevin D. Thomas Kevin D. Thomas Stan Richards School of Advertising & Public Relations, Moody College of Communication, University of Texas at Austin
• https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.5

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. Please check back later for the full article.

When discussing the relationship between advertising and persuasion the focus typically centers on the intended effects of advertising, which include increasing brand awareness, piquing brand interest, promoting brand use, and fostering brand loyalty. As such, the impact of advertising and persuasion is generally discussed in terms of market metrics. Did the advertising campaign lead to increased brand awareness, more favorable attitudes toward the brand, or increased consumer trial or retention? Structuring the relationship between advertising and persuasion in such a narrow fashion dismisses the broad array of unintended social effects associated with advertising, such as how race, gender, class, and sexuality are perceived and lived. While the goals of advertising explicitly exist within the realm of marketplace economics, its pervasive use of cultural symbols as a tool of persuasion squarely places it beyond the confines of mere business logic and in the domain of social learning. So while the messages communicated by advertisers are deliberately designed to impact how individuals relate to brands, those same messages also influence how individuals perceive themselves and relate to each other. Given the ways in which advertising serves as a marketing tool and socialization agent, the depth and breadth of its persuasive reach can only be understood when the intended and unintended effects of its output are examined in tandem.

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Home — Essay Samples — Sociology — Sociology of Media and Communication — Marketing and Advertising

Essays on Marketing and Advertising

The importance of writing an essay on marketing and advertising.

Writing an essay on marketing and advertising is essential for students studying business and communication. It helps them to understand the key concepts and strategies used in promoting products and services. Additionally, it allows them to analyze the latest trends and developments in the field, which is crucial for staying competitive in the industry.

Furthermore, writing an essay on marketing and advertising helps students to develop critical thinking and analytical skills. They learn how to research and evaluate different marketing techniques and their effectiveness, as well as how to present their findings in a coherent and convincing manner.

Here are some tips for writing a successful essay on marketing and advertising:

• Choose a specific topic: Narrow down your focus to a particular aspect of marketing or advertising, such as social media marketing, consumer behavior, or brand management.
• Conduct thorough research: Use reliable sources to gather information and data to support your arguments and claims. This could include academic journals, industry reports, and case studies.
• Organize your ideas: Create an outline to structure your essay and ensure that your arguments flow logically and coherently.
• Provide real-life examples: Use relevant examples from the industry to illustrate your points and make your essay more engaging and persuasive.
• Be critical and objective: Evaluate different marketing and advertising strategies objectively, considering their strengths and weaknesses.
• Use clear and concise language: Avoid jargon and technical terms unless necessary, and ensure that your writing is clear and easy to understand.
• Proofread and edit: Finally, make sure to review and revise your essay to eliminate any spelling or grammar errors and improve its overall clarity and coherence.

The Best Marketing and Advertising Essay Topics

• The impact of social media on marketing and advertising strategies
• The role of influencer marketing in brand promotion
• The effectiveness of traditional advertising vs. digital marketing
• The importance of storytelling in marketing and advertising
• The Impact of Advertising on Consumer Behavior and Society
• The Power of Persuasion: A Reflective Analysis of Advertising Campaigns
• The psychology of consumer behavior and its influence on marketing strategies
• The Role of Financial Projections in Creating a Successful Business Plan
• The evolution of marketing and advertising in the digital age
• The ethical implications of marketing and advertising practices
• The use of data analytics in marketing and advertising decision-making
• The significance of branding in marketing and advertising
• The role of customer engagement in successful marketing and advertising campaigns
• The impact of globalization on marketing and advertising strategies
• The future of artificial intelligence in marketing and advertising
• The power of emotional branding in marketing and advertising
• The challenges of marketing and advertising to Generation Z
• The role of mobile marketing in reaching today's consumers
• The rise of video marketing in the digital era
• The impact of influencer marketing on consumer purchasing decisions
• The effectiveness of personalized marketing in today's competitive landscape
• The role of customer reviews in shaping marketing and advertising strategies
• The importance of integrated marketing communications in reaching target audiences
• The impact of cultural diversity on marketing and advertising campaigns
• The role of content marketing in building brand awareness and loyalty
• The significance of customer retention in marketing and advertising efforts
• The impact of emerging technologies on marketing and advertising strategies
• The challenges and opportunities of marketing and advertising in the age of information overload
• The importance of understanding and adapting to consumer trends in marketing and advertising
• The role of social responsibility in marketing and advertising campaigns
• The significance of customer relationship management in marketing and advertising
• The impact of environmental sustainability on marketing and advertising strategies
• The role of neuromarketing in shaping consumer perceptions and behaviors
• The challenges of marketing and advertising to different generations, such as Baby Boomers, Gen X, Millennials, and Gen Z
• The significance of customer segmentation in targeted marketing and advertising efforts
• The impact of visual storytelling in marketing and advertising campaigns
• The role of virtual and augmented reality in shaping the future of marketing and advertising
• The importance of data privacy and security in marketing and advertising practices
• The role of humor and emotional appeal in effective marketing and advertising
• The significance of understanding and leveraging cultural differences in global marketing and advertising campaigns
• The impact of word-of-mouth marketing in the digital age
• The challenges and opportunities of marketing and advertising to diverse and multicultural audiences
• The role of customer experience in shaping marketing and advertising strategies
• The significance of omnichannel marketing in today's interconnected consumer landscape
• The impact of experiential marketing on consumer engagement and brand loyalty
• The role of storytelling and narrative in effective marketing and advertising
• The importance of understanding and adapting to generational differences in marketing and advertising
• The significance of emotional branding in building strong connections with consumers
• The impact of customer reviews and testimonials on purchasing decisions
• The role of user-generated content in shaping marketing and advertising strategies
• The importance of personalization in marketing and advertising efforts
• The impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on marketing and advertising
• The challenges and opportunities of marketing and advertising in the age of digital disruption

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Essay on Importance of Advertisement

Students are often asked to write an essay on Importance of Advertisement in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Importance of Advertisement

Introduction.

Advertisements play a crucial role in today’s world. They are a bridge between producers and consumers, providing valuable information about products and services.

Role in Economy

Advertisements stimulate economic growth. They encourage competition, leading to better products and lower prices.

Consumer Awareness

Advertisements educate consumers, helping them make informed decisions. They provide details about product features, benefits, and prices.

Supporting Media

Advertisements fund many free-to-use platforms like newspapers and websites. Without ads, these services might not exist.

250 Words Essay on Importance of Advertisement

Advertisements are an indispensable part of modern commerce and industry. They serve as the bridge between producers and consumers, acting as a powerful tool for businesses to promote their products and services.

Driving Economic Growth

Advertisements stimulate economic growth by increasing demand. They educate consumers about new products, triggering a desire to purchase. This demand prompts businesses to produce more, thereby boosting economic activity.

Facilitating Informed Decisions

Advertisements provide valuable information that helps consumers make informed decisions. They contain details about product features, prices, and comparisons, empowering consumers to choose what best suits their needs and budget.

Enhancing Brand Image

Advertisements play a crucial role in building and reinforcing a brand’s image. They help businesses communicate their values and mission, shaping public perception and fostering customer loyalty.

Supporting Media and Entertainment

Advertisements fund many forms of media and entertainment. They provide revenue for television, radio, print, and digital platforms, enabling them to deliver content to audiences at low or no cost.

500 Words Essay on Importance of Advertisement

Introduction to advertisement.

Advertising is an essential component of modern trade and business, making it a crucial part of our economic system. It is a powerful tool used by businesses to inform, persuade, and remind consumers about their products or services. In essence, advertising is a communication bridge between the producer and the consumer.

Advertising plays a pivotal role in stimulating economic growth. By promoting a product or service, it creates awareness among consumers, thereby generating demand. This increased demand leads to higher production levels, contributing to economies of scale and fostering economic development. Moreover, advertising is a significant source of revenue for numerous sectors such as media, design, and marketing, indirectly supporting economic growth.

Creating Informed Consumers

Enhancing brand image and value.

Advertising is instrumental in building a brand’s image and value. By conveying the brand’s message, values, and vision through creative and compelling advertisements, businesses can establish a strong brand identity. This identity helps differentiate the brand from its competitors, creating a unique position in the market. Furthermore, effective advertising can lead to brand loyalty, ensuring long-term profitability for businesses.

Facilitating Market Competition

Advertising fosters healthy competition in the market. It offers a platform for businesses to showcase their unique selling propositions, encouraging innovation and improvement in product quality. This competition benefits consumers as they get access to better products and services at competitive prices.

Challenges and Ethical Considerations

In conclusion, advertising plays a vital role in today’s economic structure. It drives economic growth, creates informed consumers, enhances brand value, and facilitates market competition. However, it is important to consider the ethical implications of advertising practices to ensure consumer protection. As future business leaders, college students must understand the importance of advertising and its impact on society, economics, and consumer behavior. The power of advertising, when harnessed correctly, can lead to business success and societal benefits.

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Encyclopedia

Writing with artificial intelligence, textual analysis – how to analyze ads.

• © 2023 by Jennifer Janechek - IBM Quantum

Advertising executives and marketing experts more than likely hope that we remain oblivious to the underlying messages that ads contain and that we perceive their work purely from entertainment and consumerist perspectives rather than for the purpose of critical assessment.

But to critically examine the techniques and appeals advertisers use to lure us into supporting certain products, services, claims, or even individuals is an opportunity to hone our analytical skills—skills that enable us to be informed readers of texts and knowledgeable consumers of persuasion. To begin, let’s consider specific words and phrases that can be used in ad analysis:

• Nostalgia: Advertisements for Coca-Cola, summer vacation destinations, or even political candidates can stir up sentiments or memories of “the good old days.” In a commercial, for example, the use of black and white film and/or flashbacks—illustrated by clothes, music, and/or historical events—can invite a specific audience to reflect on the past and evoke a sense of nostalgia.
• Merchants of “cool”: According to PBS, merchants of “cool” are “creators and sellers of popular culture who have made teenagers the hottest consumer demographic in America.”[1]  Such merchants may include Abercrombie & Fitch, Hollister, Hot Topic, and Aéropostale. Each relies on the tween and teen markets to keep its empire in business and markets its definition of “cool” as the coolest when it comes to youth culture.
• The myth of the “ideal you”: Today, in many cases, advertisers still sell their products in a way that invites us to be the “best” versions of ourselves. Cultural stereotypes substantiate this idea of the “best” self, which exists only in the shared imagination of the advertiser and audience.

Analyzing Ads: Socioeconomic Status

To what social class do you belong? How do you know? Can others tell by how you talk, dress, and act? By how much money you have? By your level of education? By your occupation? Despite the presumed cultural ideal of social equality in America, key markers such as income and education are often used for social classification.

Advertisers for many goods and services often frame their rhetorical appeals—their strategies of persuasion—in terms of audiences who are presumed to belong to a particular, often loosely defined, social class. Frequently, these appeals rely on stereotypical qualities associated with various socioeconomic classes. For example, an advertisement for an expensive women’s pant suit may appear in a magazine like Vogue (generally regarded as appealing to an upper-middle-class or upper-class audience) and may feature a svelte, glamorous model unlikely to grace the pages of a flyer for Walmart (generally regarded as appealing to a lower-middle-class or working-class audience). Rhetorical appeals can work on many socioeconomic levels. A relatively expensive perfume like Chanel N° 5 may appeal to members of the lower-middle or working class as a symbol of upward mobility. When analyzing an ad, you might pay close attention to how the ad appeals to you based upon assumptions regarding your socioeconomic status: What rhetorical moves (e.g., tone, composition, dialogue) enact those appeals?

Take, for example, Honda’s “Impossible Dream” commercial:

What might you say about the movement in this commercial? The music? The changes in the model? How does these factors reflect certain assumptions about socioeconomic status, and what do they make you think buying a Honda-brand vehicle will do for a consumer?

Blue Collar versus White Collar

If we are analyzing an advertisement in which a model is working in a construction area digging a ditch, we might discuss the concept of blue-collar work.

Take, for example, this Cheetos ad:

Who is the audience of this commercial? What is the advertiser trying to say about Cheetos: i.e., what will the consumer get from eating Cheetos? What might you say about the ad’s incorporation of construction workers—their movement, their attitudes, etc.? How does the voice of the Cheetos tiger affect the commercial’s message?

On the other hand, if we are analyzing an advertisement in which a professional is depicted in what looks to be a high-powered office, we might discuss the concept of white-collar work. Advertising executives may have chosen those models and work settings in order to speak to a specific audience. That is, issues of socioeconomic status—including income, education, technical skill, dress, race, and gender—may be at play in creating images and scenarios that specific audiences will believe to be realistic in representing a version of reality. Keep in mind that socioeconomic status is a somewhat complex and controversial issue in American society today, particularly with regard to definitions of class levels. If you feel that an advertisement is capitalizing upon socioeconomic stereotypes, why do you think the advertiser has done this? Contrariwise, if an advertisement is resisting stereotypes, what do you think the advertiser is trying to accomplish?

A Checklist for Analyzing Socioeconomic Status in Print Advertisements

• Who appears to be the target audience for the advertisement?
• What seems to be the general tone of the advertisement? Serious? Playful? Satiric?
• Do you notice any other appeals to stereotypes regarding education or income levels (e.g., the “corporate elite,” the “nouveau riche,” or the “literary elite,” who may or may not earn high incomes but wield “power” by virtue of educational or literary achievements)?
• How would you characterize the overall appearance of the models in the ad? If applicable, how would you characterize their clothing? To what social class would you connect each model’s attire? Are brand names evident (e.g., Ralph Lauren, Ecco)? Are the models well-groomed or scruffy? Healthy or unhealthy? Thin and fit or heavy and out of shape? Do the models’ qualities suggest they are from a particular social class? If so, how? Is the advertiser relying on stereotypical characterizations, then? Why do you think the advertiser chose to portray them in these ways?
• What would you guess the average income is of the individuals featured in the ad and/or of the audience to which the ad appeals?
• Do you notice any particular political appeals that may be related to class? With what social class would you associate these appeals and why?
• Does the ad appeal to any stereotypes based on gender or race?  On what evidence do you ground your assumption?  (Refer to the checklists in “Analyzing Ads: Gender” and “Analyzing Ads: Race” for more specific questions on analyzing gender and race in advertisements.)
• If possible, what do you infer to be the highest degree of education that the individuals featured in the ad hold? Also in terms of level of education, who do you believe is the intended audience?
• What is the setting for the advertisement? An elegant spa? A pizza parlor?
• If text appears in the ad, what level of language is used, and for what purpose? Slang? Other informal language? Technical jargon? Standard American English? Dialect? With what class do you associate the use of this level of language? What is the effect of language use in this advertisement?
• Are symbols, metaphors, hyperbole, allusions, and/or other forms of figurative language used? If so, what is the effect? Does the use of figurative language evoke appeals to class in any way?
• What appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos do you find? Are these appeals related to class issues? Do you notice the use of any logical fallacies related to class issues (e.g., ad hominem, the slippery slope)? How effective are they?
• In what ways does the advertisement appeal to class? Is the goal of the ad to encourage consumers to spend for the purpose of obtaining, or acquiring the appearance of, a higher socioeconomic status? (Examples of such strategy might be ads for a BMW or a Porsche that suggest the consumer would be more likely to attract members of the opposite sex if he or she were to purchase the advertised car.) Or, does the ad urge individuals to pursue an elite status (e.g., an American Express credit card) that will provide the illusion of upward class mobility.

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Trump and Allies Forge Plans to Increase Presidential Power in 2025

The former president and his backers aim to strengthen the power of the White House and limit the independence of federal agencies.

Donald J. Trump intends to bring independent regulatory agencies under direct presidential control. Credit... Doug Mills/The New York Times

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By Jonathan Swan Charlie Savage and Maggie Haberman

• Published July 17, 2023 Updated July 18, 2023

Donald J. Trump and his allies are planning a sweeping expansion of presidential power over the machinery of government if voters return him to the White House in 2025, reshaping the structure of the executive branch to concentrate far greater authority directly in his hands.

Their plans to centralize more power in the Oval Office stretch far beyond the former president’s recent remarks that he would order a criminal investigation into his political rival, President Biden, signaling his intent to end the post-Watergate norm of Justice Department independence from White House political control.

Mr. Trump and his associates have a broader goal: to alter the balance of power by increasing the president’s authority over every part of the federal government that now operates, by either law or tradition, with any measure of independence from political interference by the White House, according to a review of his campaign policy proposals and interviews with people close to him.

Mr. Trump intends to bring independent agencies — like the Federal Communications Commission, which makes and enforces rules for television and internet companies, and the Federal Trade Commission, which enforces various antitrust and other consumer protection rules against businesses — under direct presidential control.

He wants to revive the practice of “impounding” funds, refusing to spend money Congress has appropriated for programs a president doesn’t like — a tactic that lawmakers banned under President Richard Nixon.

He intends to strip employment protections from tens of thousands of career civil servants, making it easier to replace them if they are deemed obstacles to his agenda. And he plans to scour the intelligence agencies, the State Department and the defense bureaucracies to remove officials he has vilified as “the sick political class that hates our country.”

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