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The below featured Editor's Choice articles are freely available for all to read. Each Editor's Choice featured article includes a brief introduction from International Immunology 's Editors, which can be found in the  "In This Issue" section of each issue. Read the most recent Editor's Choice articles below and browse the "In This Issue" notes here . You can browse earlier Editor's Choice articles here . 

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From bioinformatics to clinical applications: a novel prognostic model of cuproptosis-related genes based on single-cell RNA sequencing data in hepatocellular carcinoma

To ascertain the connection between cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, relevant d...

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Revised version with tracked changes oral Magnesium reduces levels of pathogenic autoantibodies and skin disease in murine lupus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has a strong genetic susceptibility, but little is known about the impact of diet on disease severity. The Western diet is typically deficient in magnesium (Mg), and given th...

Sepsis induced dysfunction of liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition triggered by uncontrolled immune responses to infection, leading to widespread inflammation, tissue damage, organ dysfunction, and potentially death. The liver plays a cr...

Antagonist anti-LIF antibody derived from naive human scFv phage library inhibited tumor growth in mice

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunctional member of the IL-6 cytokine family that activates downstream signaling pathways by binding to the heterodimer consisting of LIFR and gp130 on the cell surf...

Pre-treatment plasma retinol binding protein 4 level and its change after treatments predict systemic treatment response in psoriasis patients

Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a mediator of inflammation and related to skin lesion formation, which suggests its engagement in psoriasis pathology and progression. This study intended to explore the cha...

KIR2DL1 gene is a surrogate marker of protection against infection-related hospitalization among HIV-1 unexposed versus exposed uninfected infants in Cameroon

HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) appear more vulnerable to infections compared to their HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) peers, generally attributed to poor passive immunity acquired from the mother. This ma...

Transcriptomics explores potential mechanisms for the development of Primary Sjogren’s syndrome to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in B cells

Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a prevalent autoimmune disease. The immune dysregulation it causes often leads to the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in clinical practice. However, how...

Serum immunoglobulin concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: a prospective cohort study from the TCLSIH study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation played a...

Histone acetylation risk model predicts prognosis and guides therapy selection in glioblastoma: implications for chemotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy

Glioblastoma is characterized by high aggressiveness, frequent recurrence, and poor prognosis. Histone acetylation-associated genes have been implicated in its occurrence and development, yet their predictive ...

Immunological factors, important players in the development of asthma

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and its development is the result of a combination of factors, including genetic factors, environmental factors, immune dysfunction and other factors. Its specific mechanism ...

Multiplex array analysis of circulating cytokines and chemokines in COVID-19 patients during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Milan, Italy

The systemic inflammatory syndrome called “cytokine storm” has been described in COVID-19 pathogenesis, contributing to disease severity. The analysis of cytokine and chemokine levels in the blood of 21 SARS-C...

TLR7 agonist, DSP-0509, with radiation combination therapy enhances anti-tumor activity and modulates T cell dependent immune activation

TLR7 is a key player in the antiviral immunity. TLR7 signaling activates antigen-presenting cells including DCs and macrophages. This activation results in the adaptive immunity including T cells and B cells. ...

The role of immune-inflammatory markers in children with complicated and uncomplicated malaria in Enugu, Nigeria

There is currently insufficient data regarding immune parameters and relationship with severity of malaria infection in Enugu, Nigeria where the economic and social costs of the disease and its management are ...

Putative new combination vaccine candidates identified by reverse vaccinology and genomic approaches to control enteric pathogens

The pathogenic microorganisms that cause intestinal diseases can significantly jeopardize people's health. Currently, there are no authorized treatments or vaccinations available to combat the germs responsibl...

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients: a study from Iran

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a prevalent complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and is often related to other characteristics such as bronchiectasis and autoimmunity. Becau...

Evaluation of immunophenotypic alterations of peripheral blood lymphocytes and their sub-sets in uncomplicated P. Falciparum infection

Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. There is ample evidence showing the potential of malaria infection to affect the counts...

Neutralizing antibody responses assessment after vaccination in people living with HIV using a surrogate neutralization assay

HIV has been reported to interfere with protective vaccination against multiple pathogens, usually through the decreased effectiveness of the antibody responses. We aimed to assess neutralizing antibody respon...

LCP1 correlates with immune infiltration: a prognostic marker for triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is known for its aggressiveness and treatment challenges due to the absence of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors. Our work emphasizes the prognostic value of LCP1 (Lymphocyte cyto...

Gut microbiota regulation of T lymphocyte subsets during systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by disturbance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory lymphocytes. Growing evidence shown that gut microbiota participated in the oc...

NLRP3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism and tumor necrosis factor alpha as predictors for disease activity and response to methotrexate and adalimumab in psoriasis

Psoriasis has a global prevalence of 1–3%, with variations observed across different ethnic groups and geographical areas. Disease susceptibility and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) drugs sugge...

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and periodontal disease: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study

Previous observational studies have shown a bidirectional association between immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) and periodontal disease. However, evidence regarding the causal role of IMID and peri...

The effects of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on susceptibility to severe COVID-19 in the Iranian population

Variations in the innate and adaptive immune response systems are linked to variations in the severity of COVID-19. Natural killer cell (NK) function is regulated by sophisticated receptor system including Kil...

Systemic treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer after failure of previous immune checkpoint inhibitors: a bayesian network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have brought survival benefits to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), disease progression still occurs, and there is no consensus on the treatment options for these...

Upregulated miR-146b-3p predicted rheumatoid arthritis development and regulated TNF-α-induced excessive proliferation, motility, and inflammation in MH7A cells

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune system disease with a high disability rate threatening the living quality of patients. Identifying potential biomarkers for RA is of necessity to improve the preve...

Humoral immune response and safety of Sars-Cov-2 vaccine in people with multiple sclerosis

For the past three years, the pandemic has had a major effect on global public health, mainly on those with underlying medical conditions, such as people living with Multiple Sclerosis. Vaccination among this ...

The immune factors have complex causal regulation effects on kidney stone disease: a mendelian randomization study

Previous studies have reported the potential impact of immune cells on kidney stone disease (KSD), but definitive causal relationships have yet to be established. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the ...

miR-486-5p predicted adverse outcomes of SCAP and regulated K. pneumonia infection via FOXO1

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is a common respiratory system disease with rapid development and high mortality. Exploring effective biomarkers for early detection and development prediction of SCA...

Identification of four mitochondria-related genes in sepsis based on RNA sequencing technology

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the mitochondrial genes associated with sepsis patients in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of sepsis immunity and provide new ideas for the cli...

Potential role of IGF-1R in the interaction between orbital fibroblasts and B lymphocytes: an implication for B lymphocyte depletion in the active inflammatory phase of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an inflammatory process involving lymphocyte-mediated immune response and orbital tissue damage. The anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibodies produced by B ly...

Atypical skin conditions of the neck and back as a dermal manifestation of anti-HMGCR antibody-positive myopathy

Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Though patients with IMNM were not considered to show skin rash, several reports have showed atypical skin conditions i...

GNUV201, a novel human/mouse cross-reactive and low pH-selective anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody for cancer immunotherapy

Several PD-1 antibodies approved as anti-cancer therapies work by blocking the interaction of PD-1 with its ligand PD-L1, thus restoring anti-cancer T cell activities. These PD-1 antibodies lack inter-species ...

Effect of immune-modulating metronomic capecitabine as an adjuvant therapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Metronomic capecitabine used as an adjuvant therapy improves survival in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). This therapeutic approach may also contribute to improving immu...

A novel chimeric vaccine containing multiple epitopes for simulating robust immune activation against Klebsiella pneumoniae

Due to antibiotic resistance, the Klebsiella genus is linked to morbidity and death, necessitating the development of a universally protective vaccine against Klebsiella pathogens.

The role of the immune system in early-onset schizophrenia: identifying immune characteristic genes and cells from peripheral blood

Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) is a type of schizophrenia (SCZ) with an age of onset of < 18 years. An abnormal inflammatory immune system may be involved in the occurrence and development of SCZ. We aimed to...

Atypical memory B cells increase in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer regardless of lymph node involvement

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females. The immune system has a crucial role in the fight against cancer. B and T cells, the two main components of the adaptive immunity, are critical players that ...

The influence of neonatal BCG vaccination on in vitro cytokine responses to Plasmodium falciparum

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination has off-target protective effects against infections unrelated to tuberculosis. Among these, murine and human studies suggest that BCG vaccination may protect against...

Basophil activation in insect venom allergy: comparison of an established test using liquid reagents with a test using 5-color tubes with dried antibody reagents

Flow cytometry-based basophil activation tests (BAT) have been performed with various modifications, differing in the use of distinct identification and activation markers. Established tests use liquid reagent...

Advanced in immunological monitoring of HIV infection: profile of immune cells and cytokines in people living with HIV-1 in Benin

Immune cells and cytokines have been linked to viremia dynamic and immune status during HIV infection. They may serve as useful biomarkers in the monitoring of people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV-1). The present w...

Helminth-derived proteins as immune system regulators: a systematic review of their promise in alleviating colitis

Helminth-derived proteins have immunomodulatory properties, influencing the host’s immune response as an adaptive strategy for helminth survival. Helminth-derived proteins modulate the immune response by induc...

Association of interleukin-17A and chemokine/vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer

The human interleukin-17 (IL-17) family comprises IL-17A to IL-17 F; their receptors are IL-17RA to IL-17RE. Evidence revealed that these cytokines can have a tumor-supportive or anti-tumor impact on human mal...

Causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length: mendelian randomization analysis

The causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length remains controversial.

Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with immunodeficiencies – impact of drug packaging and administration method on patient reported outcomes

Here, the perspective of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency receiving subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) via introductory smaller size pre-filled syringes (PFS) or vials were compared.

Dendritic cells under allergic condition enhance the activation of pruritogen-responsive neurons via inducing itch receptors in a co-culture study

Itch sensitization has been reported in patients with chronic allergic skin diseases and observed in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). There is evidence suggesting that neuroimmune interactio...

Network pharmacology-based strategy to investigate the mechanisms of artemisinin in treating primary Sjögren’s syndrome

The study aimed to explore the mechanism of artemisinin in treating primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Hyperactivation and enhanced cytotoxicity of reduced CD8 + gamma delta T cells in the intestine of patients with Crohn’s disease correlates with disease activity

We aimed to investigate the immune characteristics of intestinal CD8 + gamma delta T (CD8 + γδ T) cells in Crohn’s disease (CD) and their correlation with disease activity.

Immune responses to P falciparum antibodies in symptomatic malaria patients with variant hemoglobin genotypes in Ghana

Haemoglobin (Hb) variants such as sickle cell trait (SCT/HbAS) play a role in protecting against clinical malaria, but little is known about the development of immune responses against malaria parasite ( Plasmodiu...

Systematic evaluation of B-cell clonal family inference approaches

The reconstruction of clonal families (CFs) in B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis is a crucial step to understand the adaptive immune system and how it responds to antigens. The BCR repertoire of an ind...

Expression of the immune checkpoint molecules CD226 and TIGIT in preeclampsia patients

Imbalanced immune responses are involved in developing preeclampsia (PE). We wish to explore the expression and potential changes of immune checkpoint molecules TIGIT, CD226 and CD155 in PE patients.

Oral administration of DNA alginate nanovaccine induced immune-protection against Helicobacter pylori in Balb/C mice

Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori), is an established causative factor for the development of gastric cancer and the induction of persistent stomach infections that may lead to peptic ulcers. In recent decades, s...

Profiling of T cell repertoire in peripheral blood of patients from type 2 diabetes with complication

More than 90% of patients with diabetes worldwide are type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is caused by insulin resistance or impaired producing insulin by pancreatic β cells. T2D and its complications, mainly large c...

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Tumour-associated macrophages in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma: the prognostic and therapeutic impact in a south african centre with high hiv seroprevalence.

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Changes in immune subsets during chemotherapy as prognosis biomarkers for multiple myeloma patients by longitudinal monitoring

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NK/DC crosstalk-modulating antitumor activity via Sema3E/PlexinD1 axis for enhanced cancer immunotherapy

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The dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis–related genes could be involved in the decrease of mtDNA copy number in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

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Immunology articles within Scientific Reports

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Research in Immunobiology

Immunology is the study of the immune system that confers protection against infectious diseases. This complex system is also involved in the rejection of grafted tissues, in allergy and in autoimmunity. The Department of Immunobiology at Yale is a multi-disciplinary group of investigators committed to understanding the cellular, genetic and molecular basis of these processes. The Department is based on the understanding that the solution to complex biological problems requires the integration of individuals with a common goal but differing expertise. Research focuses on the molecular, cellular, and genetic underpinnings of immune system function and development, on host-pathogen interactions, and on a variety of autoimmune disorders. In addition to the growing need to apply basic science research towards human disease, we have developed a Human Translational Immunology (HTI) Section to improve our understanding and treatment of human immunological disorders. The general research interests of the Immunology Track span almost all aspects of the immune system and its role in disease prevention. Seven general themes are shown below.

More than thirty laboratories are actively involved in research in immunology. Many share adjoining or nearby laboratory space in The Anlyan Center (TAC), and include faculty that are funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The Department of Immunobiology provides one of the largest integrated training programs in immunology in the country, led by a faculty with a reputation for excellence in research. The Department of Immunobiology maintains a wide variety of major equipment. In addition, investigators have access to a wide variety of cutting edge equipment on campus in open-access core facilities for flow cytometry, mass cytometry, EM, and imaging including lightsheet microscopy and intravital two-photon LSM.

Areas of Research

The past several years have witnessed a revolution in cancer treatment based on the paradigm of activating a patient’s own immune system to target their cancer.

Adaptive immune responses provide powerful long-lived protection from pathogens, but when misdirected, T and B cell responses can cause significant injury and disease.

The immune system evolved to manage our constant exposure to diverse microbial stimuli, ranging from the smallest viruses to fifty foot-long tapeworms.

Inflammation is a protective response including infection and injury as well as other causes of loss of tissue homeostasis.