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28 Hillhouse Avenue, 203.432.3575 http://economics.yale.edu M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Chair Tony Smith

Director of Graduate Studies Yuichi Kitamura (30 Hillhouse Ave., 203.432.3699, [email protected] )

Professors   Joseph Altonji, Donald Andrews, Konstantinos Arkolakis, Orazio Attanasio, Dirk Bergemann, Steven Berry, Xiaohong Chen, Ray Fair, Howard Forman ( Public Health ), John Geanakoplos, Pinelopi Goldberg, Philip Haile, Marina Halac, Gerald Jaynes, Amit Khandelwal, Yuichi Kitamura, Alvin Klevorick, Samuel Kortum, Giovanni Maggi, Costas Meghir, Robert Mendelsohn ( School of the Environment ), A. Mushfiq Mobarak ( Management ), Giuseppe Moscarini, Kaivan Munshi, William Nordhaus, Gerard Padró i Miquel, Rohini Pande, Benjamin Polak, Mark Rosenzweig, Larry Samuelson, Katja Seim ( Management ), Tony Smith, Philipp Strack, Aleh Tsyvinski, Edward Vytlacil, Fabrizio Zilibotti  

Associate Professors   José-Antonio Espín-Sánchez , Mira Frick, Zhen Huo, Mitsuru Igami, Ryota Iijima, Ilse Lindenlaub, Michael Peters, Nicholas Ryan 

Assistant Professors   Lauren Bergquist, Max Cytrynbaum, Eduardo Davila, Charles Hodgson, John Eric Humphries, Yusuke Narita, Cormac O’Dea, Winnie van Dijk  

Fields of Study

Fields include microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, labor, public finance, industrial organization, international trade and finance, financial economics, environmental economics, economic development, economic history, political economy, and behavioral economics.

Special Requirements for the Ph.D. Degree

Exceptions to the requirements described below may be obtained only by vote of the Economics faculty and will be granted only in recognition of extenuating circumstances.

Prior to Registration for the Second Year

(1.1) Students must have taken for credit and passed at least six economics graduate courses. With the permission of the director of graduate studies (DGS), courses in related fields can be used to fulfill this requirement. (Courses in the International and Development Economics master’s program do not satisfy this requirement.) (1.2) Students who earn a grade of HP- or better in each of the four first-year courses in microeconomics and macroeconomics may proceed directly to the second year. In June and August of each year, the department will give waiver exams in micro and macro, written and graded to the extent possible by a committee of faculty who have taught the first-year courses in the previous year. First-year students who do not earn a grade of HP- or better in each of the first-year micro or macro courses must either take and pass the corresponding exam in June or take the exam in June and then (in the event of failure) take and pass the exam in August in order to continue in the program. A student who obtains an HP- or better in one term of a sequence, but not the other, must take (and retake, if necessary) only the waiver exam corresponding to the term in which they failed to obtain an HP- or better. Students who have not passed all the required examinations prior to the second year of study may register as master’s candidates for the following fall term for the purpose of completing enough courses to be eligible for the Master of Arts degree.

Exceptionally well prepared incoming students may petition the DGS and the faculty in the field to take the waiver exam before their first year, with an eye toward placing out of either one or both terms of either of the first-year micro or macro courses. Incoming students taking the waiver exam will be exempt from the corresponding course only if their performance is an exemplary (rather than marginal) pass.

Prior to Registration for the Third Year

(2.1) Students must have met the graduate school’s requirement of Honors in two courses. (2.2) Students must have taken at least fourteen term courses in economics and have received a grade of at least a P- in each of them. With the permission of the DGS, courses in related fields and independent reading courses can be used to fulfill this requirement. Workshops may not be used to satisfy it. (2.3) Students must have received an average of at least HP in the courses they have taken. The admissibility of courses for this requirement is the same as for the fourteen-course requirement, (2.2). Grades within the Economics department include pluses and minuses. The grade average is computed as follows. A failure counts as a zero, a P- as a 1, a P as a 2, a P+ as a 3, an HP- as a 4, and so on up to a 9 for an H+. The arithmetic average of these numbers must be at least 4.5. (2.4) All students must have submitted a draft of their empirical paper, discussed in (3.3) below. (2.5) All students must make their first attempt at each of two qualifying examinations by June 30 of their second year in the program. The examinations test a student’s general analytic ability in economics and knowledge of two fields chosen by the student. Fields are typically drawn from microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, labor, public finance, industrial organization, international trade and finance, financial economics, environmental economics, economic development, economic history, political economy, and behavioral economics. Students may request examination in a special field designed in consultation with Economics department faculty. The choice of fields must be approved by the DGS. Students may list two preferred examiners in each field. The DGS’s office strives to satisfy these preferences subject to faculty availability and the number of students making similar requests. The nature and content of the field qualifying exams will be determined by the faculty in the field (i.e. these exams might require written work, depending on the field).  If a student fails a field qualifying exam in the spring of the second year, the student must either retake the exam in that field or may take an exam in a different field. In either case, the student must pass this second attempt, whether in the same field or not, in the fall of the third year to remain in the program.

Admission to Candidacy

The Economics department adheres strictly to the graduate school requirement that students be admitted to candidacy prior to registration for the fourth year of study. Students are recommended to the graduate school for admission to candidacy by vote of the Department of Economics faculty after having completed requirements (2.1), (2.2), and (2.3) above, the graduate school’s prospectus requirement, and the following additional requirements. (3.1) Students must have completed two one-term prospectus workshops, one in each term of the third year. All prospectus workshops have the word “prospectus” in their title. If students can find no prospectus workshop corresponding to their interests, they may substitute other workshops to meet this requirement. In order for two workshops to count toward the prospectus requirement, students must make a presentation in each workshop and present original work in one of them. This stipulation applies even if a workshop is not labeled as a prospectus workshop. If students can find no workshop whatsoever in their area of interest, they may substitute an independent study course guided by a faculty member, provided the independent study leads to a dissertation prospectus that is accepted. (3.2) Students must receive a grade of HP- or better in ECON 551 (Econometrics II) or ECON 552 (Econometrics III). More advanced courses may be substituted for these with permission of the DGS. (3.3) Students must receive a grade of Satisfactory on an empirical paper, which is evaluated by a faculty adviser or an instructor of ECON 556 . In the paper, the student should (a) specify an economic model useful for the investigation of an interesting economic problem, (b) select data and econometric methods appropriate to the question, (c) conduct proper statistical analysis, and (d) interpret the results in an intelligent way. The department’s posted description of the empirical paper requirement should answer any questions about it. The paper may be written in the course ECON 556 or independently with the help of a faculty adviser, the standards for a satisfactory paper being the same in both cases. The paper is not expected to be of publishable or nearly publishable quality but should demonstrate facility in the application of econometric methods to an economic question. Note: Jointly authored papers will not be accepted. (3.4) Students must complete with a grade of at least HP- a term of economic history, drawn from a list of courses approved by the DGS and the economic history instructors. (3.5) Students must pass two field qualifying examinations given by committees of faculty members. These exams are discussed in (2.5) above.

Additional Requirements

(1) All students must give a dissertation prospectus to their advisory committee by the second Friday in May of their third year. (2) Students must provide, via email,  the names of their advisory committee consisting of two members to the DGS’s office by February 1 of the third year.  The student should indicate which faculty member is the main advisor for the purpose of reviewing their annual DPR (Dissertation Progress Report). (3) In each academic year after the second, all students must regularly attend at least two workshops. At least one of them must be an “informal” prospectus workshop lunch or reading group, and at least one must be a “formal” research workshop. Each student must present at least once a year in one or other of the workshops that they regularly attend in the third and fourth years. (4) Third-year students who have not yet satisfied the empirical paper requirement must submit an empirical paper by February 1.

The Dissertation

The dissertation should make an original contribution to economics that demonstrates the student’s mastery of relevant resources and methods. Although the dissertation may cover several related topics, it should have a unifying theme. The dissertation may consist of one or more than one essay. The dissertation is guided by a committee of two advisers, at least one of whom must be a member of the Economics department. The second adviser need not be from the Economics department or even from Yale University. Second advisers from outside the Yale Economics department must be approved by the DGS. The two advisers serve as readers. After the student has completed a first draft of the dissertation, the DGS appoints a third reader. The student and the committee may recommend third readers, but the choice remains with the DGS, since the third reader serves as an independent referee.

Collaborative Work in the Dissertation

The Economics department’s objective regarding collaboration is to achieve a reasonable compromise between two goals. While the department wishes to encourage collaborative research among students and between students and faculty, a dissertation should demonstrate the student’s ability to do independent research. The dissertation committee and the DGS must approve the inclusion of collaborative work in the dissertation, and students must acknowledge and describe any collaboration in the preface to the dissertation.

Expiration of Admission to Candidacy

Advancement to candidacy expires ten years after the date it is granted, if no dissertation has been submitted and approved in the intervening period.

Normal Sequence of Studies

What follows in the next three paragraphs are recommendations, not requirements.

During the fall term of the first year, students usually take ECON 500 (General Economic Theory: Microeconomics), ECON 510 (General Economic Theory: Macroeconomics), ECON 550 (Econometrics I). In the following spring, they usually take ECON 501 (General Economic Theory: Microeconomics), ECON 511 (General Economic Theory: Macroeconomics), ECON 551 (Econometrics II). Students who are well prepared in econometrics may take an advanced econometrics course instead of ECON 550 in the fall of the first year after consulting the DGS and an appropriate econometrics faculty member.

Students typically also take a course in economic history in either the fall or spring term, that would satisfy the economic history requirement, (3.4) above, if a grade of at least HP- were obtained. Taking the history course in the spring may be more appropriate for students concerned about making the transition to graduate school in the fall.

During the second year, students normally take ECON 556 and satisfy the empirical paper requirement. Students also take economics courses in specialized fields, such as economic theory, macroeconomics, econometrics, labor, public finance, industrial organization, international trade and finance, financial economics, environmental economics, economic development, economic history, political economy, and behavioral economics. These courses serve as preparation for the qualifying examinations and allow students to identify potential areas of study for dissertation research. As they identify an area, students should locate a faculty adviser to advise them about their studies. Students may also take courses related to economics from other departments.

The third year is normally devoted to finding a dissertation topic and to beginning research on it. In this year, students are expected to make the transition from being a taker of classes to a participant in research. Important elements in achieving this transition are thinking critically about material learned, reading widely, choosing research topics that are feasible and of interest to the student, and gaining contact with faculty. Students should expect to take the initiative in making such contact.

Combined Ph.D. Degrees

A combined degree results in the award of one Ph.D. with two departments named. It is not two separate degrees, and the student is not expected to fulfill all the requirements of both departments.

Purpose  Combined degrees are intended to provide a sufficiently broad training program for a student wishing to complete an interdisciplinary dissertation.

Program Design  Combined-degree programs are designed on an ad hoc basis by the student, the DGSs of the two departments, and the appropriate associate dean of the graduate school.

Timing  Most combined degrees are proposed by students during the summer after the first year of study. Students are not given extra time or funding to complete combined degrees. In particular, students must advance to candidacy by the end of their third year of study.

Degree of Integration  A combined program should synthesize the knowledge and methods of the two departments into a single study. Ideally the dissertation should be equally strong in both fields. For example, a dissertation with the first half focused on economics and the second half focused on political science would not be acceptable.

Administrative Requirements  An ad hoc combined degree program is established in the following steps.

• A program is initiated by writing of a pre-prospectus by the student. This document describes how and why the two fields are to be integrated.
• The student recruits a faculty dissertation adviser from each department and obtains their approval of the pre-prospectus, perhaps modified in response to their advice.
• The student recruits two other faculty members to serve on the dissertation committee, one from each department.
• The student discusses the requirements for a combined degree with both departmental DGSs.
• The student prepares a comprehensive study plan that contains a list of courses and examinations agreed on by both DGSs and approved by both departments. The goals of the course selection are to give some breadth of knowledge of both fields and prepare the student to complete the dissertation. A key to success in combined programs is not to require too many courses and to focus on preparation for dissertation research. Requirements include successful completion of ECON 500 , ECON 501 , ECON 510 , and ECON 511 with grades of at least HP-; please see (1.2) for a complete description of the requirement. Normally the two departments administer qualifying examinations. This procedure may require the production of examinations that both departments evaluate simultaneously. The plan of study should contain the following: (a) a cover sheet for approvals by both dissertation advisers, both DGSs, and the appropriate associate dean of the graduate school, (b) an introduction where the student explains the rational for proposing the ad hoc combined degree, and (c) a term-by-term timeline listing all classes, teaching, and required examinations.
• Both departments must accept the dissertation prospectus.
• The plan of study is a contract, and the student must receive written permission in advance from both DGSs and the appropriate associate dean of the graduate school for any changes to the plan.
• Once everyone agrees and the plan of study is approved, the combined program is recorded in Banner.

Funding and Teaching  The department that first admitted the student is the “primary department.” The student’s funding is from the primary department, as is the teaching expectation. Ideally students should obtain teaching experience from both departments.

Master’s Degrees

M.Phil.  The M.Phil. degree is awarded to students in the Ph.D. program upon completion of all the requirements for advancement to candidacy for a doctorate in economics except the prospectus and prospectus workshop requirements.

M.A.  Students who withdraw from the Ph.D. program may be eligible to receive the M.A. degree if they have met the requirements and have not already received the M.Phil. degree. For the M.A., students must successfully complete at least eight term graduate courses in the Department of Economics. At least six of these courses must be Ph.D. courses in the Department of Economics (not courses from the International and Development Economics master’s program). The average grade of all the graduate courses taken that are listed or cross-listed by the Department of Economics must be at least a High Pass, and at least two of these grades must be Honors. Students must complete at least two of the three first-year two-course sequences in microeconomics, macroeconomics, or econometrics. In computing the grade average, the relevant grades are those reported to the registrar and so do not include pluses or minuses. A Fail counts as a zero, a Pass counts as a 1, a High Pass counts as a 2, and an Honors counts as a 3. To say that the average grade must be High Pass means that the arithmetic average of these numbers must be at least 2. Candidates in combined programs will be awarded the M.A. only when the master’s degree requirements for both programs have been met.

J.D./M.A. Degree Program  Students working toward a J.D. in the Law School may earn an M.A. degree in Economics. The degree requirements that apply to these students are the same as those described above. Students wishing to join this J.D./M.A. joint-degree program must apply for separate admission to the Economics graduate program; applicants should submit scores from the GRE General Test. Students admitted to this program pay three years of tuition to the Law School and one year of tuition to the graduate school . The graduate school does not offer fellowship support to J.D./M.A. candidates.

The M.A. in International and Development Economics is described under International and Development Economics .

ECON 500a, General Economic Theory: Microeconomics   Eduardo Davila

Introduction to optimization methods and partial equilibrium. Theories of utility and consumer behavior production and firm behavior. Introduction to uncertainty and the economics of information, and to noncompetitive market structures. TTh 8:30am-9:50am

ECON 510a, General Economic Theory: Macroeconomics   Fabrizio Zilibotti

Analysis of short-run determination of aggregate employment, income, prices, and interest rates in closed and open economies. Stabilization policies. TTh 10am-11:15am

ECON 520a, Advanced Microeconomic Theory I   Mira Frick

A formal introduction to game theory and information economics. Alternative non-cooperative solution concepts are studied and applied to problems in oligopoly, bargaining, auctions, strategic social choice, and repeated games. F 9:30am-12:30pm

ECON 522a, Microeconomic Theory Lunch   Staff

A forum for advanced students to critically examine recent papers in the literature and present their own work. T 12pm-1pm

ECON 525a, Advanced Macroeconomics I   Zhen Huo and Ilse Lindenlaub

Heterogeneous agent economics, investment, scrapping and firing, nonquadratic adjustment costs, financial constraints, financial intermediation, psychology of decision making under risk, optimal risk management, financial markets, consumption behavior, monetary policy, term structure of interest rates. MW 1pm-2:30pm

ECON 538a, Microeconomic Theory Workshop   Staff

Presentations by research scholars and participating students. W 2:30pm-3:50pm

ECON 540a, Student Workshop in Macroeconomics   Staff

A course that gives third- and fourth-year students doing research in macroeconomics an opportunity to prepare their prospectuses and to present their dissertation work. Each student is required to make at least two presentations per term. For third-year students and beyond, at least one of the presentations in the first term should be a mock job talk. Th 12pm-1pm

ECON 542a, Macroeconomics Workshop   Staff

A forum for presentation and discussion of state-of-the-art research in macroeconomics. Presentations by research scholars and participating students of papers in closed economy and open economy macroeconomics and monetary economics. T 2:30pm-3:50pm

ECON 545a, Microeconomics   Michael Boozer

A survey of the main features of current economic analysis and of the application of the theory to a number of important economic questions, covering microeconomics and demand theory, the theory of the firm, and market structures. For IDE students. MW 2:30pm-3:45pm

ECON 546a, Growth and Macroeconomics   Ana Fieler

This course presents a basic framework to understand macroeconomic behavior and the effects of macroeconomic policies. Topics include consumption and investment, labor market, short-run income determinations, unemployment, inflation, growth, and the effects of monetary and fiscal policies. The emphasis is on the relation between the underlying assumptions of macroeconomic framework and policy implications derived from it. TTh 9am-10:15am

ECON 550a, Econometrics I   Donald Andrews

Probability: concepts and axiomatic development. Data: tools of descriptive statistics and data reduction. Random variables and probability distributions; univariate distributions (continuous and discrete); multivariate distributions; functions of random variables and transformations; the notion of statistical inference; sampling concepts and distributions; asymptotic theory; point and interval estimation; hypothesis testing. MW 8:30am-9:50am

ECON 556a, Topics in Empirical Economics and Public Policy   Yusuke Narita, Charles Hodgson, and Max Cytrynbaum

Methods and approaches to empirical economic analysis are reviewed, illustrated, and discussed with reference to specific empirical studies. The emphasis is on learning to use methods and on understanding how specific empirical questions determine the empirical approach to be used. We review a broad range of approaches including program evaluation methods and structural modeling, including estimation approaches, computational issues, and problems with inference. Open only to doctoral students in the Department of Economics. Exceptionally, doctoral students from other departments may take the course for credit if a faculty member, normally from their department, can supervise and grade their term paper. MW 10am-11:20am

ECON 558a, Econometrics   Michael Boozer

Application of statistical analysis to economic data. Basic probability theory, linear regression, specification and estimation of economic models, time series analysis, and forecasting. The computer is used. For IDE students. TTh 2:30pm-3:45pm

ECON 568a, Econometrics Workshop   Staff

A forum for state-of-the-art research in econometrics. Its primary purpose is to disseminate the results and the technical machinery of ongoing research in theoretical and applied fields. M 2:30pm-3:30pm

ECON 570a, Prospectus Workshop in Econometrics   Staff

A course for third- and fourth-year students doing research in econometrics to prepare their prospectus and present dissertation work. M 12pm-1pm

ECON 588a and ECON 589a, Economic History Workshop   Staff

A forum for discussion and criticism of research in progress. Presenters include graduate students, Yale faculty, and visitors. Topics concerned with long-run trends in economic organization are suitable for the seminar. Special emphasis given to the use of statistics and of economic theory in historical research. Th 12pm-1pm

ECON 600a, Industrial Organization I   Philip Haile and Charles Hodgson

Begins by locating the study of industrial organization within the broader research traditions of economics and related social sciences. Alternative theories of decision making, of organizational behavior, and of market evolution are sketched and contrasted with standard neoclassical theories. Detailed examination of the determinants and consequences of industrial market structure. TTh 9am-10:20am

ECON 606a, Prospectus Workshop in Industrial Organization   Staff

For third-year students in microeconomics, intended to guide students in the early stages of theoretical and empirical dissertation research. Emphasis on regular writing assignments and oral presentations. Th 12pm-1pm

ECON 608a, Industrial Organization Seminar   Staff

For advanced graduate students in applied microeconomics, serving as a forum for presentation and discussion of work in progress of students, Yale faculty members, and invited speakers. T 2:30pm-3:45pm

ECON 630a, Labor Economics   Costas Meghir

Topics include static and dynamic approaches to demand, human capital and wage determination, wage income inequality, unemployment and minimum wages, matching and job turnover, immigration and international trade, unions, implicit contract theory, and efficiency wage hypothesis. TTh 10:30am-11:50am

ECON 638a, Labor and Population Workshop   Staff

A forum primarily for graduate students to present their research plans and findings. Discussions encompass empirical microeconomic research relating to both high- and low-income countries. Th 3pm-4:30pm

ECON 640a, Prospectus Workshop in Labor Economics and Public Finance   Staff

Workshop for students doing research in labor economics and public finance. T 12pm-1pm

ECON 678a / MGMT 762a, Macro Finance   Alp Simsek

T 4:10pm-7:10pm

ECON 679a, Financial Economics Student Lunch   Staff

This workshop is for third-year and other advanced students in financial economics. It is intended to guide students in the early stages of dissertation research. The emphasis is on presentation and discussion of materials presented by students that will eventually lead to dissertation topics. Open to third-year and advanced Ph.D. students only. T 11:35am-12:50pm

ECON 680a, Public Finance I   Orazio Attanasio

Major topics in public finance including externalities, public goods, benefit/cost analysis, fiscal federalism, social insurance, retirement savings, poverty and inequality, taxation, and others. Applications are provided to crime, education, environment and energy, health and health insurance, housing, and other markets and domains. The course covers a variety of applied methods including sufficient statistics, randomized control trials, hedonic models, regression discontinuity, discrete choice, spatial equilibrium, dynamic growth models, differences-in-differences, integrated assessment models, applied general equilibrium, event studies, firm production functions, learning models, general method of moments, and propensity-score reweighting estimators. MW 9am-10:15am

ECON 706a, Prospectus Workshop in International and Spatial Economics   Staff

This workshop is for third-year and other advanced students in international economic fields. It is intended to guide students in the early stages of dissertation research. The emphasis is on students’ presentation and discussion of material that will eventually lead to the prospectus. T 12pm-1pm

ECON 720a, International Trade I   Amit Khandelwal and Costas Arkolakis

The first part of this course covers the basic theory of international trade, from neoclassical theory where trade is the result of comparative advantage (Ricardo, Heckscher-Ohlin) to the “New Trade Theory” where trade is generated by imperfect competition and increasing returns to scale. Particular emphasis is placed on the implications of the different theories concerning the aggregate gains or losses from trade and the distributional implications of trade liberalization. The second part of the course explores new advances in the field. It covers the Eaton-Kortum (2002) and Melitz (2003) models; extensions of these models with many countries, multiproduct firms, and sectors; methods of quantitative trade analysis to revisit classic questions (gains from trade, distributional effects of trade, trade policy); and new advances in dynamic trade theory. MW 1:10pm-2:25pm

ECON 724a, International Finance   Ana Fieler

A study of how consumers and firms are affected by the globalization of the world economy. Topics include trade costs, the current account, exchange rate pass-through, international macroeconomic co-movement, multinational production, and gains from globalization.  Prerequisite: intermediate macroeconomics or equivalent. M 4pm-7pm

ECON 728a / MGMT 521a, Workshop: International Trade   Staff

Workshop/seminar for presentations and discussion on topics in the field of international trade. W 2:30pm-3:50pm

ECON 730a, Economic Development I   Mark Rosenzweig and Kaivan Munshi

Development theory at both aggregate and sectoral levels; analysis of growth, employment, poverty, and distribution of income in both closed and open developing economy contexts. W 4pm-6:30pm

ECON 733a, Urban and Environmental Economics   Costas Arkolakis and Mushfiq Mobarak

A Ph.D. field course covering latest research topics in urban economics and in environmental and energy economics. Topics include the links between urban planning and city productivity and livability, infrastructure investments in electrification and water management, managing externalities, environmental regulation, and the effects of climate change in cities and in rural areas. Prerequisites: first-year Ph.D. economics courses in microeconomics, macroeconomics, and econometrics (or equivalent), or instructor permission. MW 9am-10:20am

ECON 750a, Trade and Development Workshop   Staff

A forum for graduate students and faculty with an interest in the economic problems of developing countries. Faculty, students, and a limited number of outside speakers discuss research in progress. M 2:30pm-3:50pm

ECON 756a, Prospectus Workshop in Development   Staff

Workshop for students doing research in development to present and discuss work. M 12pm-1pm

ECON 899a, Individual Reading and Research   Staff

By arrangement with faculty. HTBA

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International and Development Economics

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The IDE program at Yale University, housed within the  Economic Growth Center (EGC) and the Department of Economics, is a one-year Masters program intended to help students build the necessary toolkit for embracing such obstacles in their future careers, whether as career practitioners and economic analysts or to follow a path through the policy analysis field on their way to subsequent Ph.D. work.

This site is to inform prospective students of the program, the university and life in New Haven. We encourage prospective students to also visit the website of the  Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) for more information on the application procedure, policies, living in New Haven and other Yale facilities that are all open to IDE Students.

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INFORMATION FOR

• Prospective Students
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Doctor of Philosophy

The primary mission of the PhD program is to provide scholars with the disciplinary background and skills required to contribute to the development of our understanding of better ways of measuring, maintaining, and improving the public’s health. Examples of research conducted by PhD students includes but is not limited to: cancer epidemiology, clinical trials, cardiovascular disease, molecular epidemiology, vector-borne diseases, parasitology, mental health epidemiology and HIV/AIDS. Students are encouraged to work with faculty throughout the university since much of the work done in EPH is interdisciplinary.

How to Apply

Applications are submitted through the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences .

Select program: "Public Health" and your Concentration: Biostatistics (PhD or MS), Chronic Disease Epidemiology (PhD or MS), Environmental Health Sciences (PhD), Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases (PhD) or Epidemiology Infectious Disease (MS), Health Informatics (MS) Health Policy and Management (PhD) or Social and Behavioral Sciences (PhD).

The GRE and TOEFL code for Yale GSAS is: 3987. A writing sample is not required.

The deadline is December 15th.

PhD Program

All PhD students are guaranteed five years of 12-month stipend and tuition support in the form of YSPH fellowships, teaching fellowships, traineeships and research assistantships. In addition to support for tuition and living costs, students receive a health award to covers the full cost of single-student Yale Health Plan Hospitalization/Specialty Coverage.

Faculty Advisors

PhD applicants are not required to secure a faculty mentor prior to applying to the program.

We expect applicants to provide information in their personal statement about the research they hope to conduct if admitted and to state the faculty in our department whose research aligns with their interests.

Diversity Research Awards

The PhD program in Public Health enhances commitment its PhD students who identify as underrepresented minority students, first-generation college graduates and students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds by offering research awards to the top candidates admitted to the program. Each year a minimum of two PhD admitted students will be offered $2,000 each for research funds in addition to their financial aid package. Recipients have up to 2 years to spend these funds, which can be used for books, computers, software, conference travel, research travel or research supplies.

This funding is offered upon acceptance into the program. The criteria for the award is:

• Previous involvement in diversity-related initiatives in their community and/or volunteer activities helping underserved populations.
• Research interest in serving an underserved population

External Fellowships

Doctor of philosophy (phd) overview.

• Application Fees & Fee Waivers
• PhD/Master's Application Process

The application fee for all degree-seeking applicants is US $105.00. Application fees are non-refundable.

Please pay this fee immediately upon submitting your application through the application platform. The fee must be paid, or a fee waiver must be granted, before your application will be reviewed. If you fail to pay the application fee or to obtain a fee waiver, your application will be cancelled.  

Acceptable Forms of  Payment

• Visa, Mastercard, Discover and American Express are the only accepted means of payment. 
• Debit cards and credit card debit authorizations are not accepted.
• Wire transfers (such as SWIFT or Fedwire) are not accepted.

Troubleshooting

If you experience an issue or error submitting payment, please confirm that you have used either a Visa, Mastercard, Discover, or American Express card and that you entered the:

• correct card number
• correct expiration date and date format
• correct security code (found on the back of your credit card)

If that does not resolve your issue, please check with your credit card company to make sure that you have not exceeded your credit line and that no holds are on your account. You may also try using a different card.

Fee Waivers

Some PhD or Master's applicants may be eligible for a fee waiver. The eligibility requirements and process to request a waiver are below. Note: fee waiver requests are submitted separately from the application for admission and usually take 2-3 business days to process. Please plan to submit your fee waiver request in well advance of your application deadline whenever possible. The final deadline to submit a fee waiver request is January 2.

Fee Waiver Eligibility 

You must be applying for a PhD or Master's degree. Non-degree applicants are not eligible for fee waivers. US citizens, permanent residents, and non-US citizens are all eligible to request a fee waiver.

Fee waivers may be granted on the basis of:

• participation in a special program, event, fellowship, or status (see below)
• documented financial hardship

Special Program, Event, Fellowship, or Status

If you are a member of one of the groups listed here, please provide documentation of your participation/affiliation and dates of participation on your fee waiver request form.

• AfroTech Conference
• American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES)
• American Physical Society Division of Nuclear Physics Conference Experience for Undergraduates (APS DNP CEU)
• American Political Science Association - Diversity Fellowship Program/Minority Fellowship Program
• American Political Science Association - Minority Student Recruitment Program
• American Political Science Association - Ralph Bunche Summer Institute (RBSI)
• Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students (ABRCMS)
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• Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) Initiative
• Central American-Caribbean Bridge in Astrophysics Program
• Científico Latino Graduate School Mentorship Program (GSMI)
• Collegiate Science and Technology Entry Program (CSTEP)
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• National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers (NOBCChe)
• National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE)
• National Society of Black Physicists (NSBP)
• National Society of Hispanic Physicists (NSHP)
• NSF CSGrad4uS Fellows
• NSF REU Site (at Yale University): Interdisciplinary Research Training Across Biology, Physics, and Engineering
• Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
• Out in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (oSTEM)
• Peace Corps
• Philosophy in an Inclusive Key Summer Institute (PIKSI)
• Pickering Foreign Affairs Fellowship/Rangel Program
• Pittsburgh Summer Program 1 in Philosophy
• Public Policy & International Affairs (PPIA)
• QuestBridge Scholars
• Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing Conference (TAPIA)
• Rutgers Summer Institute for Diversity in Philosophy
• Sally Casanova Scholars Program
• Sarah Pettit Fellowship
• Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers (SHPE)
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• Summer Immersion Program in Philosophy at Brown University (SIPP)
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• Yale Office for Graduate Student Development and Diversity (OGSDD) 
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Documented Financial Hardship

If the application fee presents a financial hardship for you, you may request an application fee waiver by following the instructions below. The Fee Waiver Request Form will ask for detailed financial information and documentation to support your request. Acceptable documentation may include one or more of the following:

• a letter from your undergraduate university financial aid officer
• a statement of liabilities, including prior education loans
• a statement describing your economic circumstances, including income and assets

How to Request a Fee Waiver

Please follow the instructions below to submit a fee waiver request. A request for a fee waiver should be submitted in well in advance of the application deadline for your program and is separate from your application for admission.

• Create an application account by starting your PhD or Master's application.
• Complete the Fee Waiver Request Form . Note: If you started your PhD/Master's application very recently, it may take a few minutes for the system to register your new application and grant you access to the Fee Waiver Request Form.
• Submit the Fee Waiver Request Form well in advance of your application deadline. The Fee Waiver Request form will not be available after January 2.
• Once you have submitted your fee waiver request, you will receive an email within 2-3 business days indicating whether you have been granted a waiver. If you are not granted a fee waiver, you will need to pay the application fee when you submit your application. 

Do not submit your application fee until your fee waiver request has been processed and you have received a reply. Paid application fees will not be refunded.

Application Management

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Search form

Yale has announced a new testing policy for first-year and transfer applicants for fall 2025 admission.  Read the announcement  and review the policy . 

Applying to Yale as an International Student

Students applying from abroad follow the same procedure and have essentially the same application requirements as all other students.

For a list of these requirements and instructions visit Application Instructions & Components . Since some of these requirements may be unfamiliar to international students, additional information is provided here.

All applicants for first-year admission must submit one of the following:

• The Coalition Application with Yale-Specific Questions
• The Common Application with Yale-Specific Questions
• The QuestBridge National College Match Application

Yale will accept any one of these applications, without preference for one over another. Students should submit one—and only one—application per admissions cycle.

Additional requirements for all first-year applicants:

$80 application fee or fee waiver, recommendations from two teachers and one counselor, school report with transcript.

• Standardized test results (ACT, AP, IB, or SAT) ( See below)
• English proficiency test results - required for non-native English-speakers (See below)

Mid-Year Report & Final Report

See additional details about these required application components below. 

Please note that if your application materials include any documents that are not in English, you must provide an official English translation in addition to the original documents.

Additional Information

• Application Deadlines
• Application Acknowledgment, Checklist, and Admissions Decisions  
• Single-Choice Early Action
• Supplementary Materials
• Sending Application Materials
• Interviews for International Applicants
• Financial Aid for International Applicants

Applicants should pay the $80 application fee via the Common Application or Coalition Application website.

Applicants using the Common Application or Coalition Application may request that the application fee be waived.  Learn more on the fee waiver page.  The fee waiver scale is based on family size and income in US dollars but is applicable to all international students.

Request recommendations from two teachers who have taught you in core academic subjects (e.g. English, Foreign Language, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies) who know you well, and who have seen you at your best. It is preferable, but not required, that recommendations come from teachers who have taught you during your final or next-to-final year of secondary school.

Also request a recommendation from your school’s college counselor. If your counselor does not know you well, the recommendation may still provide helpful contextual information about your school and its academic programs. If your school does not have someone serving as a college counselor, please request a recommendation from a school administrator such as a house master, principal, or academic advisor. 

Your counselor or other school official should submit a School Report with an official transcript that includes all your secondary school courses. If a question on the School Report form is not applicable to your secondary school, leave it blank. 

Recommendations and transcripts should be submitted electronically through the Common Application or Coalition Application website. If necessary, teachers and counselors may also submit their recommendations and transcripts via mail  or digital upload . Recommendations may be sent before or after you submit your application; materials that arrive before your application will be kept on file. The admissions office will make reasonable allowances for late school documents in situations where it is not possible for teachers and counselors to meet the application deadlines.

School Report forms and transcripts must be submitted directly from an applicant’s school. Educational support program counselors (such as EducationUSA advisors and others) may provide supplemental recommendations, and they and may be able to advise school officials on compiling documents, but only school officials should submit required application materials. 

Standardized test results: ACT, AP, IB, or SAT

More information on Yale’s test policies is available on the standardized testing page . Standardized tests are just one component of a student’s application and are viewed within the context of the student’s entire file. There is no minimum score required for admission, nor is there a score that will guarantee admission.

English proficiency exams

Yale requires that non-native English-speakers who have not taken at least two years of secondary education where English is the medium of instruction submit the results from any of the proficiency tests listed below.

TOEFL   Test of English as a Foreign Language

The TOEFL requires pre-registration for available testing dates. Yale’s most competitive applicants have scores of at least 100 on the internet-based TOEFL.

IELTS   International English Language Testing System

The IELTS offers proficiency tests in locations around the world. Pre-registration is required. Yale’s most competitive applicants have IELTS scores of 7 or higher.

Cambridge English Qualifications

Cambridge English exams are available at testing locations around the world. Pre-registration is required. Yale’s most competitive applicants have Cambridge English scores of 185 or higher on the C1 Advanced, C2 Proficiency, or B2 First exams.

DET   Duolingo English Test

Applicants may submit the Duolingo English Test (DET), which combines an English proficiency test with a brief video interview. Duolingo’s technology and format allows applicants to complete the test at any time or place with internet access. Yale’s most competitive applicants have DET scores of at least 120.

InitialView   InitialView

InitialView provides live, unscripted video interviews that candidates may submit to colleges for consideration with other application materials. Interview times must be reserved in advance. There is no scoring associated with these interviews.

Students who do not receive new secondary school grades by February 1, including students who have already completed secondary school, are not required to submit a Mid-Year Report. This includes many international students. Applicants who receive new grades by February 1 should submit a Mid-Year Report.

Only admitted students are required to submit the Final Report, which provides final secondary school grades and examination marks. Admitted students submit the Final Report in the summer before fall matriculation.

If your secondary school provides predicted results for external exams such as A-levels, the International Baccalaureate, and other international or national testing organizations, they should be submitted by your school alongside your transcript or Mid-Year Report.

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• Department of Economics

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• All Headlines

Yale SOM Launches $5 Million Financial Aid Initiative to Increase Access to Business and Leadership Education

The new scholarship awards, called Aspire Fellowships, will be targeted to students who have overcome socioeconomic challenges and are part of a broader effort to extend access to MBA education at Yale.

The Yale School of Management has committed $5 million in scholarship funds in the next year to create new Aspire Fellowships for incoming students in the full-time MBA program who have overcome significant socioeconomic disadvantages. The new fellowship program is one of several steps that the school is taking to expand access to business school and leadership education.

Anjani Jain, deputy dean for academic programs, commented that the new fellowships will benefit both students and the school. “Our mission of educating leaders for business and society calls on us to prepare our students for addressing some of the most daunting challenges facing us on the planet. The mission compels us to attract to our programs the most talented students from all parts of the world regardless of their financial wherewithal, socioeconomic antecedents, or the disparities of opportunity resulting from the accident of birth,” said Jain. “I look forward to seeing how this program will unlock opportunity and potential for many talented individuals, and to seeing the difference Aspire Fellows make in the world as they pursue their aspirations.”

Yale’s MBA program equips students with the knowledge, the resources, and the networks to pursue positive and ambitious change. Graduates of the program go on to make a difference in a variety of roles across a range of organizations and communities. The new Aspire Fellowships will enable more students to pursue their academic and professional aspirations by supporting and empowering students who have shown resilience and determination in the face of socioeconomic challenges. The initiative is part of Yale University’s comprehensive efforts to enhance educational opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds.

Aspire Fellowships will be determined post-admission. Over $5,000,000 will be offered, with individual awards ranging from $60,000 to full tuition and fees. Much of the information required to apply for these scholarships will be gathered from the admissions application, and additional details will be provided to students after admission, guiding them through the fellowship selection process.

In addition to the Aspire Fellowships, Yale SOM has introduced several other measures to broaden access to its MBA program, including:

• Application fee waivers : Available to graduates from nearly 700 U.S. colleges and universities with significant enrollment of Pell Grant recipients, ensuring that financial barriers do not hinder aspiring students from applying.
• Income-based application fees : A sliding scale fee structure for all applicants based on their income, making the application process more equitable and affordable.
• Holistic, context-based application review : An admissions process that is sensitive to the individual circumstances surrounding applicants’ candidacies, resulting in first-generation college students representing 20% of our current MBA class, roughly doubling the percentage over the past five years.

Recipients of the Aspire Fellowships will also benefit from school support throughout their MBA studies. This support will include access to dedicated alumni mentoring and specialized programming designed to enrich their educational experience and prepare them for leadership roles in their respective fields.

Bruce DelMonico, assistant dean for admissions, said that the Aspire Fellowships represent an important step in the school’s ongoing efforts to further equity in business education. “Talent is everywhere, but we know that for a variety of deeply engrained reasons talent and opportunity do not always meet,” said DelMonico. “The Aspire Fellowships and our suite of access-enhancing offerings reflect our dedication to breaking down financial barriers and empowering students from all backgrounds to achieve their full potential.”

• Frank Cerabino
• Nation & World
• Fort Lauderdale

Barron Trump at New York University, not UPenn or Georgetown, breaking family tradition

Barron trump, sole child of donald and melania trump, is bucking family tradition. his college decision was nyu in new york..

Sorry, UPenn and Georgetown: Barron Trump is attending New York University.

Barron Trump, the sole child of  Donald and Melania Trump , picked NYU and started fall 2024 classes on Wednesday, Sept. 4 (the day after Labor Day), Donald Trump reportedly told the Daily Mail .

The announcement ends a months-long query: Where is Barron Trump going to college?

The former president dropped hints long after his youngest son graduated from Oxbridge Academy in West Palm Beach in May 2024: First, in a July 9 Trump rally at the family golf club in Doral, Florida; then in an Aug. 20 New York Post story : “He’s all set in a certain school that’s very good,” the former president told the New York Post in an exclusive interview. “He’s always been a very good student, he’s smart.”

On Sept. 4, the day after Labor Day, when fall 2024 classes officially started at NYU,  Donald Trump revealed to DailyMail.com that Barron  was a student at New York University's Stern School of Business, sealing his college decision amid speculation of which New York school he would attend.

The 6-foot-7 (or in some reports 6-foot-9) son of former president Donald Trump has been keeping a really low-profile:  Barron Trump was the only Trump family member  who did not make an appearance at the  Republican National Convention in Milwaukee in July. His half-niece, 17-year-old Kai Trump, who's a year younger than him, did appear at the RNC and has (publicly) announced her college choice: the University of Miami , not far from where she goes to high school now .

As Donald Trump has been campaigning for the 2024 presidential election against his Democratic opponent, Vice President Kamala Harris, it is not known whether he or Barron Trump's mother, former first lady Melania Trump , attended college move-in events. It's also not known whether Barron Trump will live off-campus.

What is known, however, is that Barron Trump will not attend the University of Pennsylvania or Georgetown University , which have strong ties to the Trump family. Donald Trump and his other children — Donald Trump Jr., Ivanka Trump, Eric Trump and Tiffany Trump — have attended or graduated from the prestigious universities in Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C., respectively.

With Barron Trump attending New York University, it is notable that he is breaking away from family tradition. Here's a roundup of who (and who didn't) graduate from college in the Trump family and the famous family's ties to UPenn and Georgetown.

Where is Barron Trump going to college?

Donald Trump revealed to DailyMail.com that Barron  is a student at New York University's Stern School of Business, sealing his college decision amid speculation of which New York school he would attend.

Barron Trump is attending NYU. Barron Trump started fall 2024 classes there

In April 2024, rumors about Barron Trump possibly attending New York University started flying around. The NYU campus is not far from Trump Tower in Manhattan, where Barron Trump spent much of his childhood and lived until his father was sworn in as the 45th president in early 2017. Barron Trump lived in the White House with his parents until 2019, when Donald and Melania Trump permanently relocated to Trump's private club, Mar-a-Lago in Palm Beach, Florida.

Living on campus at NYU is optional, but "first-year residents of Manhattan-based schools are assigned to Manhattan residence halls only. There are no exceptions," the university's site says. College move-in dates for NYU, which has its own  NYU housing handle on Instagram , were August 24 and 25, 2024. More than "5,000 first-year students will arrive at NYU's campus!" an April 11 IG post states.

Where did Donald Trump attend college?

Donald Trump graduated from the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce at the University of Pennsylvania,  graduating in May 1968  with a bachelor's degree in economics.

Where did Melania Trump attend college?

Melania Trump, the former first lady of the U.S. from 2016 to 2020, briefly attended college, but never graduated. Then Melania Knauss, the Slovenian "began modeling at age 16, and two years later she signed on with an agency in Milan. She enrolled at the University of Ljubljana but dropped out after one year to pursue her modeling career," according to the  Melania Trump bio on biography.com .

In her early days of modeling, the site states, Melania Trump worked in Milan and Paris before moving to New York in 1996. She met future husband Donald Trump two years later at a New York fashion party. (The Trumps were engaged in 2004 and married in 2005.)

Melania Trump, then known professionally as Melania Knauss, appeared on the covers of Harper's Bazaar (Bulgaria edition), Vanity Fair (Italy edition), GQ (for which she posed nude in January 2000) and the  Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue .

The  University of Ljubljana , or UL, is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia.

Where did Donald Trump Jr. attend college?

Donald Trump Jr., Donald Trump's eldest son with first wife Ivana Trump, graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 2000. Like his father, Donald Trump Jr. has a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Finance.

Where did Eric Trump attend college?

Eric Trump, son of Donald Trump and Ivana Trump, graduated from the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., with a bachelor's degree in finance and management in 2006.

Where did Ivanka Trump attend college?

According to a  March 2017 story in the Georgetown Voice , Donald Trump's eldest daughter with Ivana Trump, Ivanka Trump, was a student at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., but transferred after two years to the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania. Ivanka Trump graduated cum laude with a bachelor's degree in economics from Penn in 2004.

Where did Tiffany Trump attend college?

Like her father, Tiffany Trump attended the University of Pennsylvania and graduated in 2016 with a bachelor's degree in sociology. Four years later, Tiffany Trump, daughter of Donald Trump's second wife, Marla Maples, graduated from Georgetown Law School as part of the class of 2020. Like many class of 2020 seniors (for high school and college), Tiffany Trump's college graduation was a virtual commencement ceremony because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Contributing: Lianna Norman, USA TODAY Network-Florida

Sangalang is a lead digital producer for USA TODAY Network-Florida. Follow her on  Twitter  or Instagram at  @byjensangalang . Support local journalism.  Consider subscribing to a Florida newspaper .

Andrew Brodhead

Economics BS

The undergraduate Bachelor of Science degree provides an excellent background for those who plan to pursue PhD degrees in Economics or related disciplines, or technical careers in fields such as finance and data analytics. The department expects undergraduate majors in the BS program to be able to:

• Understand and apply the core knowledge within Economics
• Analyze a problem and draw correct inferences using both qualitative and quantitative reasoning
• Communicate economic ideas and findings clearly and persuasively
• Evaluate theory and critique research within the discipline
• Formulate and interpret mathematical and statistical models of economic phenomena

Students must complete all of the following courses:

• Econ 1 (5 units). This is the only Econ core course that may be  double-counted . 
• Econ 50 OR 50Q (5 units): basic price theory. Prerequisite: Econ 1 and Math 20 (or equivalent).
• Econ 51 (5 units): intermediate micro. Prerequisites: Econ 50. 
• Econ 52 (5 units): intermediate macro. Prerequisites: Econ 50. 
• STATS 117 (3 units): Theory of Probability I
• Econ 102B (5 units): econometrics. Prerequisites: Economics 102A or STATS 117.
• ECON 102C (5 units): Advanced Topics in Econometrics. Prerequisite: ECON 102B
• ECON 160 (5 units): Game Theory and Economic Applications
• CS 106B (5 units): Programming Abstractions*
• MATH 115 (4 units): Functions of a Real Variable. Prerequisite: MATH51 or equivalent.

*CS 106B MUST be taken for 5 units to be counted towards the ECON BS.

A full list of field courses for the ECON BA, BS, and Minor Programs can be found here. 

In addition to the Economics Field Courses, students must complete at least 8 units from the following course list:

• MATH113 - Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory
• MATH118 - Mathematics of Computation
• MATH136 - Stochastic Processes
• MATH151 - Introduction to Probability Theory
• MATH171 - Fundamental Concepts of Analysis
• MATH172 - Lebesgue Integration and Fourier Analysis
• STATS200 - Introduction to Statistical Inference
• STATS202 - Data Mining and Analysis
• STATS206 - Applied Multivariate Analysis
• STATS207 - Introduction to Time Series Analysis
• STATS208 - Bootstrap, Cross-Validation, and Sample Re-use
• STATS209 - Introduction to Causal Inference
• STATS214 - Machine Learning Theory
• STATS216 - Introduction to Statistical Learning (Inactive)
• STATS217 - Introduction to Stochastic Processes I
• STATS218 - Introduction to Stochastic Processes II
• STATS219 - Stochastic Processes
• STATS229 - Machine Learning
• STATS250 - Mathematical Finance
• STATS270 - Bayesian Statistics
• CS129 - Applied Machine Learning
• CS161 - Design and Analysis of Algorithms
• CS221 - Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Techniques
• CS228 - Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques
• CS229 - Machine Learning
• CS233 - Geometric and Topological Data Analysis
• CS246 - Mining Massive Data Sets
• MS&E111 - Introduction to Optimization
• MS&E112 - Graph and Combinatorial Optimization
• MS&E121 - Introduction to Stochastic Modeling
• MS&E135 - Networks

For a full list of approved non-economics electives, click here. 

Beginning with the graduating class of 2025, all Stanford Students will be required to complete a Capstone Project as part of their major. The Economics Capstone is made up of two requirements: (1) An ePortfolio completed with the student's advisor during their junior year and (2) completion of either the (A) ECON 101 course or (B) an Economics Honors Thesis during their senior year. Both components are intended to provide students with the opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills they have gained in their course of study and to strengthen the relationships between students and mentors. 

Successful completion of either ECON 101 or the Economics Honors Program will also count for the Economics Writing in the Major requirement. 

More details about each component can be found on the Economics Capstone page . 

• At least 75 of the 85 units required for the major must be taken at Stanford in California. 
• No courses receiving Department of Economics credit under the preceding requirements may be taken CR/NC.
• Math 51 (or equivalent) is a prerequisite for an Economics BS degree. It must be taken for a letter grade to satisfy the MATH115 prerequisite.
• Students scoring a 5 on both the advanced placement (AP) microeconomics and macroeconomics tests or a score of 7 on International Baccalaureate (IB) higher level economics test may petition the Director of Undergraduate Studies to have the ECON 1 course requirement waived.  Students do not receive units credit for placing out of ECON 1. 
• A grade point average (GPA) of C= (2.0) or better must be received for all units applied toward the Major. 
• To use transfer credit in partial satisfaction of the requirements, the student must obtain written consent from the department's Director of Undergraduate Study, who will establish the amount of credit to be granted toward the department requirements. 
• The maximum time limit for satisfactory completion of a course is one year from the date a grade of incomplete ("I") is given. Instructors may require that a course is completed anytime up to the one-year time limit. Students are responsible for seeing that all grades of incomplete are cleared within the time limit. The university's rule is that a grade of incomplete that is not cleared within the time limit becomes a grade of NP. 
• Students must complete their declaration of the major no later than the last day of the quarter, one quarter before anticipated degree conferral.