History for Kids
Anderson Shelter Facts & Information for Kids
What is an anderson shelter.
The Anderson shelter was an air raid shelter designed to accommodate up to six people. It was designed in 1938 by William Paterson and Oscar Carl (Karl) Kerrison in response to a request from the Home Office.
The Anderson shelter was named after Sir John Anderson, who was Lord Privy Seal with the responsibility of preparing air-raid precautions immediately prior to the outbreak of World War II.
Interesting Facts About Anderson Shelter
Below are some interesting facts and information on this very important air raid shelter.
- In 1938 the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain placed Sir John Anderson in charge of air raid precautions. Anderson worked with an engineer called William Patterson to design and ball a small, inexpensive air raid shelter that people could build in their garden.
- The first Anderson shelter was built in 1939. It was built in a garden in Islington, London on February 25, 1939.
- Over 1.5 million Anderson shelters were given out before the start of WW2. They were distributed between February 1939 and the start of the Second World War that September. The shelters were given to people in areas that were at risk of being bombed by the Germans.
- Over the course of World War 2, another 2.1 million Anderson shelters were built in gardens around the country.
- Anderson shelters were free for people who earned less than £250 per year. For those with a higher income, they could be bought for £7.
- The shelters were very easy to build. Anderson shelters were made from six corrugated steel panels that were curved and bolted together at the top.
- The Anderson shelters were buried up to a meter in the ground. They would also have a thick layer of soil and turf on top to keep them secure.
- Shelters could hold up to six people and were incredibly strong. The corrugated sheets made them extra strong against compressive force and was perfect for protecting from nearby bomb explosions.
- You had to assemble your own shelter. Families who received an Anderson shelter got the materials and an instruction guide to put it together themselves.
- Many Anderson shelters are still in use today. A lot of people dug up the old shelters when the war ended to use them as garden sheds.
- A lot of Anderson shelters were decorated by their owners. This could include growing flowers or vegetables on the roof.
- UK bombings on German cities killed about 500,000 people but because of Anderson shelters German bombs killed 90% less — around 50,000. This shows just how effective the Anderson shelters were.
- Only 27% of people in London used Anderson shelters according to a 1940 survey. 9% slept in public shelters and 4% slept in underground railway stations. 60% of people were on duty at night or just slept in their own homes.
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Anderson Shelter Facts & Worksheets
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Table of Contents
The Anderson shelter was designed in 1938 by William Paterson and Oscar Carl Kerrison in response to a request from the Home Office. It was named after Sir John Anderson, who was responsible for preparing air-raid precautions immediately before the start of World War II . See below for more information and Anderson shelter facts.
- Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain placed Sir John Anderson in charge of Air Raid Precautions in November 1938 . Anderson then commissioned an engineer by the name of William Patterson to design and build a small, cheap shelter that people could have in their garden.
- The first ‘Anderson’ shelter was erected in 1939 . It was built in a garden in Islington, London on 25 February, 1939.
- 1.5 million Anderson shelters were given to people before the start of World War 2. These shelters were distributed between February 1939 and the start of the war in September to people in areas that were expected to be bombed by the Luftwaffe.
- Throughout WW1 , another 2.1 million Anderson shelters were built.
- The shelters were given free to anybody who earned less than £250 a year . Anybody with a higher income could buy an Anderson shelter for £7.
- The construction of the shelters were quite simple . They were made from six curved panels of corrugated steel that were bolted together at the top. They had steel plates at either end, and measured 1.95m by 1.35m.
- Once they were built, the shelters were buried up to 1m into the ground . They would then have a thick layer of soil and turf heaped on top to keep them secure.
- The Anderson shelter was built to accommodate up to six people.
- The shelters were quite cramped for taller people . Somebody over 6ft would have found it difficult to fit inside comfortably.
- The Anderson shelter was incredibly strong . They were especially strong against a compressive force – for example the explosion of a nearby bomb – because of their corrugation.
- It was very cold inside the Anderson shelter. In fact, to try and prevent people from leaving their shelter to go back to their warmer homes at night, the Government issued some guidelines on how to make them warmer and more comfortable. The Morrison shelter was also developed to be used inside the home.
- People were expected to assemble their own shelters . Families would receive their shelter with an instruction guide and materials to put the Anderson shelter together.
- A lot of Anderson shelters still exist today . Many people dug up the shelters after the war and used them as garden sheds.
- Many families used to try and brighten up their shelters. They would often grow flowers and vegetables on the roof. One person actually wrote: “There is more danger of being hit by a vegetable marrow falling off the roof, than of being hit by a bomb!”.
- Strategic German bombing of the UK from 1939-1945 killed around 50,000 people. UK attacks on German cities killed ten times as many people – around 500,000 – which shows just how effective the Anderson shelter was.
- A survey in November 1940 survey discovered that only 27% of Londoners used Anderson shelters. 9% slept in public shelters and 4% used underground railway stations. The remaining 60% of people were either on duty at night or slept in their own homes. They said that if they were going to die they would rather die in the comfort of their own home.
Anderson Shelter Worksheets
This bundle includes 11 ready-to-use Anderson Shelter worksheets that are perfect for students to learn about The Anderson shelter which was designed in 1938 by William Paterson and Oscar Carl Kerrison in response to a request from the Home Office. It was named after Sir John Anderson, who was responsible for preparing air-raid precautions immediately before the start of World War II.
Throughout the extensive worksheet pack there are multiple lesson resources and quizzes for students to practice their knowledge which can be used within the classroom or homeschooling environment.
Included Anderson Shelter worksheets:
Anderson Shelter Word Search Students will tackle this Anderson Shelter quiz in the form of a word search which students will complete using the knowledge gained from previous activities and quizzes.
Analyse the Parts Analysis writing task. Analyse the different parts of the Anderson Shelter then answer the given questions.
Cartoon Analysis Questions and answers piece based upon analysis of a cartoon image.
Inside A Shelter Inside a shelter writing piece. Students must read the passage and answer a number of challenging emotive questions.
My Life During World War II Creative writing task. Students must imagine themselves in World War 2 and share their thoughts in the shape of a diary entry.
Design A Shelter Fun, creative task. Students must design their own Shelter. Utilise the space to create a prototype design.
Local Interview Students must interview someone locally or create an interview for someone who experienced an Air Raid.
A Special Letter Students must write an emotive, special letter to those caught up in conflict today.
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Anderson Shelter
Photograph inside an Anderson Shelter, 1941-1943, Catalogue ref: HO 207/469
Experts said that bombing would kill hundreds of thousands of people. So new plans were made for mass evacuation, the construction of large public shelters, and the erection of small units in private gardens (“Anderson” shelters) and inside houses (“Morrison” shelters). Although the War began in September 1939, bombing of Britain did not start immediately. People developed a false sense of security and were not keen to have shelters. Once heavy bombing began, from the summer of 1940 onwards, shelters became more popular.
- Can you explain how the Morrison shelter worked?
- Compare this to the Anderson shelter ‘Diagram of how to construct an Anderson Shelter’, Catalogue ref: ZPER 34/196.
- According to Jenny Fleming in her letter addressed to Herbert Morrison what were the problems of public shelters, 1940? Catalogue ref: HO 207/783
- Do you think Herbert Morrison would have responded to this letter?
- Could the government have done anything to improve public shelters?
Documents on the same theme
Anderson Shelter Facts
Here are some facts about Anderson Shelters, popular air raid shelter used during the Blitz.
- The Anderson shelter was designed in 1938.
- It was named after Sir John Anderson, the man responsible for preparing Britain to withstand German air raids.
- Anderson shelters were designed for 6 people.
- The construction of the shelter was reasonably simple. The main part of the shelter was formed from six corrugated steel panels. Flat corrugated steel panels were bolted on to form the sides and end panels (one of which contained the door).
- The shelters measured 1.4m wide, 2m long and 1.8m tall. They were quite cramped and someone taller than 6ft would not have been able to stand up in one.
- Once constructed, the Anderson shelters were buried over 1 metre in the ground and then they were covered over with a thick layer of soil and turf.
- Anderson shelters were free to those with an annual income of less than £250. For those who didn’t fall into this category, the price was £7.
- Approximately 3.5 million Anderson shelters were built either before the war had started or during the conflict.
- Anderson shelters were very effective at saving lives and preventing major injuries during air raids, but they were really cold during the winter months. To try to prevent people going back to their warm houses at night when the weather got colder, the Government issued some guidelines about how to make the Anderson shelters more comfortable. They also developed the Morrison shelter which could be used indoors.
- Many Anderson shelters have survived to this day. Lots were dug up and used as garden sheds.
- Families were provided with the materials and were expected to construct the Anderson shelters from a set of instructions.
Find out more about other types of air raid shelters , check out some facts about the Blitz and look at our World War 2 links page.
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History Hit Story of England: Making of a Nation
- 20th Century
10 Facts About Anderson Shelters
Chris Smith
15 nov 2021.
Anderson shelters were a practical solution to a drastic problem: during World War Two , as the threat of aerial bombardment loomed over Britain, millions of these structures were erected in gardens across Britain. Typically made of corrugated iron and then covered in soil, they offered households vital protection from German bombing campaigns.
Quaint but cramped, safe but restricting, they were often far from ideal in terms of comfort. Nonetheless, Anderson shelters played a vital role during the war and undoubtedly saved thousands of lives.
Here are 10 facts about Anderson shelters, the innovative structures which became an iconic symbol of Britain’s war effort.
1. Anderson shelters were named after the Minister of Home Security
In November 1938, while serving as Lord Privy Seal and Minister of Home Security, Sir John Anderson was asked by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain to prepare Britain for defense against bombing raids. The resultant shelters Anderson commissioned were named after him.
Anderson shelters were named after Sir John Anderson, the Minister of Home Security at the outbreak of World War Two.
Image Credit: Karsh of Ottawa / CC BY-SA 3.0 NL
2. The shelters could fit up to 6 people
Anderson commissioned engineers William Patterson and Oscar Carl Kerrison to find a viable structure. Their design consisted of 14 steel panels – 8 internal sheets and 6 curved sheets bolted together to cover the structure. The structure was to be buried over 1m into the ground and covered with soil.
Just 1.4m wide, 2m long and 1.8m tall, the shelters were designed to accommodate a maximum of 6 people – 4 adults and 2 children. Following a thorough evaluation of the concept, Anderson, along with Bertram Lawrence Hurst and Sir Henry Jupp from the Institution of Civil Engineers, adapted the model for mass production.
3. Anderson shelters were free for some people
Anderson shelters were provided free of charge for people with household annual incomes of less than £250 (equivalent to approximately £14,700 today). They cost £7 (roughly £411 today) to buy for everyone else.
At the end of the war, many local authorities collected the corrugated iron, though people who wished to purchase their shelters could pay a nominal fee.
4. Anderson shelters were initially pre-emptive
Britain’s preparations for air raid shelters began in 1938, and the first Anderson shelter was set up in Islington, London, in February 1939. By the time Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, 1.5 million Anderson shelters had already been constructed.
While Britain’s pre-emptive approach had prepared them well, the substantial casualties suffered during the Luftwaffe’s month-long Blitz bombing campaign underlined the need for Britain to go further. An additional 2.1 million Anderson shelters were built during the war.
5. People rebelled against the use of Anderson shelters
After heavy bombing raids in early September 1940, thousands of Londoners flocked to underground stations against government advice, rather than using Anderson shelters. The police didn’t intervene, and some station managers provided additional toilet facilities.
On 21 September, government policy was changed and 79 stations were fitted with bunks for 22,000 people and 124 canteens. First aid facilities and chemical toilets were also supplied. The underground stations housed only 170,000 people during World War Two bombing raids, but they were regarded as one of the safest forms of shelter.
An intact Anderson shelter remains standing despite the destruction of nearby properties on Latham Street in Poplar, London. 1941.
Image Credit: Ministry of Information Photo Division / Public Domain
6. Anderson shelters were tough to endure during winter
While the corrugated steel sheets provided protection from bomb blasts, they offered little protection from the elements. Anderson shelters were bitingly cold during the winter months while rainfall often led to flooding and sometimes the collapse of structures.
As a result, many people would defy government instructions to spend the majority of their time in Anderson shelters. Some families would take their cue from the air raid siren while others would ignore it altogether and remain in their homes.
7. Decoration competitions were held
People were free to decorate and where possible add comfort to their shelters as they pleased. Bunk beds could be purchased but were often built at home. As a way of boosting wartime morale, some communities held competitions to determine the best-decorated shelters in the neighbourhood.
People also took advantage of the fact that shelters require a considerable amount of soil above and to the sides of the structure to support it. Encouraged by the government’s ‘Dig for Victory’ campaign in 1940, which implored citizens to grow their own food at home, vegetables and flowers were often planted in the upturned soil on or near a household’s Anderson shelter.
8. Anderson shelters were not ideal for urban areas
Given the requirement for garden space to accommodate an Anderson shelter, they were not a particularly viable option in built-up urban areas. Around a quarter of the population did not have gardens.
A 1940 survey found that only 27% of Londoners stayed in an Anderson shelter, while 9% slept in public shelters, 4% used underground stations, and the rest opted to stay in their homes.
9. Anderson shelters were not the most effective option available
During World War Two, Spain utilised the shelter model of engineer Ramón Perera. Larger and sturdier than Anderson shelters, Perera’s shelter proved effective: Barcelona only suffered around 2,500 casualties from 194 bombing raids, earning Perera the nickname ‘the man who saved Barcelona’.
The British government ignored Perera’s expertise and rejected his shelter model. Confidential reports in Britain expressed regret at this decision, suggesting the total of 50,000 Britons killed during Luftwaffe raids could have been reduced.
A couple sleeping in their Morrison shelter during the war.
10. Anderson shelters were replaced by Morrison shelters
When it became common knowledge that the public preferred to stay in their homes and would generally avoid using their Anderson shelters, a new, indoor version was prioritised. This arrived in 1941 in the form of the Morrison shelter, named after Herbert Morrison who had replaced Anderson as the Minister of Home Security.
The Morrison shelter was essentially a large metal cage which, for many of the approximately 500,000 people who had one installed, doubled up as a dining table.
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Anderson Shelter Homework Project
Take a look at our amazing Anderson air-read shelters!
As part of our Second World War topic, Primary 7 were assigned a seven-week homework project to research, design and create an Anderson air-raid shelter. As you can see, the shelters have been a great success. Next week the children will test their shelters in order to evaluate their designs.
A huge thank you to all the family members who helped their children create these air-raid shelters. The pupils are so proud of their work and it really makes a difference when parents are so involved!
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Learn about the different types of air raid shelters used by people in Britain during World War 2, such as Anderson, Morrison and underground shelters. Find out why they were built, how they were made, and what they were like to live in.
Learn about the Anderson shelter, a simple and effective air raid shelter used by millions of people in Britain during World War 2. Find out how it was designed, built, and decorated, and how it saved lives from German bombs.
Learn how to build an Anderson shelter, a small unit in private gardens to protect against bombing during World War 2. See diagrams, letters and documents from the official archive.
Morrison shelter?Two - Build shelter!T. ke photographs of your creative proce. s. Three - Test your Anderson shelter!1. The weight test - c. n. t stay upright with 1kg weight on it?2. The waterproof test - can your lego man stay dry inside - place a lego man inside, does he stay dry if you pour water fro.
An engaging way to get children involved with their History learning is to teach them how to make an Anderson shelter in the classroom. This arts and crafts activity combines History and Art for a brilliant cross-curricular lesson. For this activity, you will need to print out pages 2 to 6 of the resource. This activity requires safe handling of scissors and the use of glue. The model is ...
Learn about the Anderson shelter, a common type of air raid shelter used in the UK during World War II. Find out how it was made, how it worked, and how it compared to other shelters in different countries.
Anderson Shelters. A PowerPoint that details what Anderson Shelters were, how they were used & why. Suitable for KS3 students that are studying WWII. Requires the students to make notes then create a leaflet using the information at the end. Once I have gone through the slides once, I leave it on a loop. Report this resource to let us know if ...
Imagine War KS1 Resource Pack Spanish. Explore more than 27 "Anderson Shelter" resources for teachers, parents and pupils as well as related resources on "Anderson Shelters". Instant access to inspirational lesson plans, schemes of work, assessment, interactive activities, resource packs, PowerPoints, teaching ideas at Twinkl!
Learn about the Anderson shelter, a simple and cheap air-raid shelter used in World War II in the UK. Download or edit worksheets on its design, history, and effects.
Here are some fantastic facts about Anderson Shelters that you can teach your KS2 children: - They were made by bolting together 6 sheets of corrugated iron. - They were buried 1 metre into the ground to help protect the base from bomb blasts. - They stood 6 feet 6 inches tall. - They could hold up to 6 people.
The ARP Wardens also reported the extent of bomb damage and assess the local need for help from the emergency and rescue services. They were responsible for the handing out of gas masks and pre-fabricated air-raid shelters (such as Anderson shelters, as well as Morrison shelters), and organised and staffed public air raid shelters. They used ...
A woman waters flowers growing over her Anderson shelter in the Clapham district of south London, England, during World War II. Londoners built such shelters in their gardens to protect their families from bombs dropped by the Germans during the Blitz.
Learn about the history and design of Anderson shelters, small units built in private gardens to protect people from bombing during World War II. Find out how they worked, what problems they had, and how people felt about them.
Learn about the history and design of Anderson shelters, the most common type of air raid shelter used in Britain during World War 2. Find out how they were built, how many were made, and how they were used and survived.
Get creative with this fantastic paper craft Anderson Shelter, simply cut and fold to create a paper Anderson shelter which is perfect for your classroom display, role play area or even as something lovely for your children to take home! The above video may be from a third-party source. We accept no responsibility for any videos from third ...
Learn about the history and design of Anderson shelters, the corrugated iron structures that protected millions of Britons from German bombing during World War Two. Discover how they were named, built, used, and replaced by Morrison shelters.
As part of our Second World War topic, Primary 7 were assigned a seven-week homework project to research, design and create an Anderson air-raid shelter. As you can see, the shelters have been a great success. Next week the children will test their shelters in order to evaluate their designs. A huge thank you to all the family members who ...
By September 1939, at the start of the Second World War, around 1.5 million Anderson shelters had been built in gardens - mainly in areas that would be likely targets for bombing raids. Throughout the war, a further 2.1 million Anderson shelters were built. Once built, an Anderson shelter measured 1.95m long, 1.35m wide and 1.8m tall.
Learn about the evacuation of children and women from big cities and towns to safer places during the Second World War. Find out when, why, how and where evacuation took place, and what it was like to be an evacuee.
shelter / Anderson shelter. Think about which materials would be best to use. Draw and label an aeroplane from WWII e.g. British Spitfire. Written Task - Choose ONE of the following tasks: (If you are writing by hand please complete straight into your h/w book.) Interview a family member/friend about their experiences of WWII. Write
Facts about Anderson Shelters KS2. They were made by bolting together 6 sheets of corrugated iron. They were buried 1 metre into the ground to help protect the base from bomb blasts. They stood 6 feet 6 inches tall. They could hold up to 6 people. Start a discussion about the differences between life then and now with this handy worksheet.
Age range: 7-11. Resource type: Worksheet/Activity. File previews. docx, 12.73 KB. A table for comparing Anderson shelters, Morrison shelters and Public shelters like London Underground stations. A great task to set for homework (research can easily be done on the Primary Homework Help page on WW2 shelters).