tesco in india case study

Despite the popularity of globalisation in retailing, most retailers are still struggling to develop competencies to succeed in global markets. To what extent should the "original" format and merchandise be adapted is a major issue. Walmart learnt this the hard way when its initial entry into China had the wrong merchandise. On the other hand, Mexican customers were disappointed when they did not find enough imported US merchandise in the Walmart stores. Toys R Us has learnt that there are differences in consumption patterns. The Japanese demand electronic toys, other Asian consumers demand educational toys, Europeans favour traditional toys, while American kids prefer television- and movie-endorsed toys.

The Tesco case in South Korea demonstrates that despite the company's many problems, it has been a leader in developing multichannel solutions. With consumers preferring the convenience and selection of e-commerce, traditional brick-and-mortar retailers are challenged to address how to serve this customer profitably. The home-delivery option is much valued by consumers but cannot be as profitable as the traditional store. Therein lies the dilemma.

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Tesco Corporation’s Internationalization Strategy Case Study

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Introduction

Analysis of the existing strategy, costs and benefits of the strategy, environmental challenges, resources/capabilities, new strategic directions.

Tesco is one of the leading UK retailers that started its international expansion in the 1990s. The company’s focus on internationalization was a successful strategy that led to remarkable growth in many regions and considerable profits that reached $3.8 billion in 2011 (Wrigley, Lowe, & Cudworth, 2013). However, success in some regions was accompanied by major failures in other areas, which led to significant losses, both financial and reputational. This paper includes a brief analysis of the company’s strategy, as well as challenges the company faces and new strategic directions to adapt to address these challenges.

The focus on international expansion was determined by the growing regulatory and competitive pressures Tesco had to handle in the domestic market. The first areas of expansion were countries of Central Europe that were undergoing major transformations in the 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Regulations in those countries were minimal, and competitors were also quite a few, which enabled the company to earn a significant share of the market (up to 27%) in 2011 (Wrigley et al., 2013). At that, Tesco experienced the most unprecedented growth in Asia, specifically in South Korea. The company is now the second-largest retailer in the country, with revenues of over £5 billion (Butler & Neville, 2013). The company is successfully penetrating the markets of India and China.

Nevertheless, the expansion into the US market that started in 2007 proved to be a failure as the company announced that all the stores would be closed and sold in the near future (Ruddick, 2013). It is noteworthy that Philip Clarke, the company’s CEO, understood the complexity of operating in the USA as the market was saturated, and the competition was rather fierce. However, the decision was to enter the American market with a focus on fresh food (which was quite expensive).

The internationalization of Tesco has a number of peculiarities. First, the company made some partnerships. One of the most successful partnerships was implemented in South Korea (Wrigley et al., 2013). Tesco and Samsung collaboration was successful as Tesco managed to address various issues associated with operating in new markets. First, the retailer managed to learn the peculiarities of the country’s legislation and regulatory policies.

Customers’ needs and characteristic features were also acknowledged. Tesco also managed to establish a retail chain that seemed fully domestic. Another peculiarity of Tesco’s expansion was the focus on its private labels rather than manufacturers’ products. The company also tried to be customer-oriented. However, in many regions, Tesco failed to achieve this goal, which led to failures and losses (Yoder, Visich, & Rustambekov, 2016). The company did not meet the needs of customers in the USA, Japan, and other regions.

It is necessary to note that internationalization is often an effective strategy used when the competition in the domestic market becomes too fierce, or other environmental challenges come into play (Wrigley et al., 2013). The expansion to other markets allows companies to improve profits through the increase in sales. The company can allocate funds wisely and invest in profitable projects. Operating in new markets helps companies become more flexible and innovative.

On the one hand, businesses learn about different regulatory policies and laws. On the other hand, they learn how to adjust to such environments. This flexibility is essential in the contemporary globalized world as regulations and norms existing in some countries tend to be adopted in other regions as well. There are chances that the norms and regulations existing in a foreign market will be used (with some differences) in the domestic market as well.

Nonetheless, the costs associated with the use of this strategy are also substantial. First, any expansion requires significant financial investments (related to acquisitions, alliances, construction of facilities, and so on). For instance, Tesco invested £1.25 billion to enter the American market (Wrigley et al., 2013). Clarke stated that this kind of investment was affordable for the company, and it could become transformational for Tesco in case of success. The CEO also stated that the major reputational loss in case of failure was associated with his name, not the company. Nevertheless, the reputational loss is apparent, and its negative effect can become visible soon. Unsuccessful expansion can come at a high cost, and Tesco’s failures in some regions can be seen as illustrations of these costs.

Tesco’s failures are associated with a number of wrong decisions as well as environmental challenges. First, the company entered the American market a year before the global financial crisis of 2008 (Butler & Neville, 2013). The environmental factor was accompanied by the inability to adjust and the inability to address customer needs (Yoder et al., 2016). For example, Fresh & Easy stores offered high-quality products, but they became unaffordable for price-sensitive Americans.

Furthermore, the focus on private labels was also ineffective in the US market. Martinez-Ruiz, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Jimenez-Zarco, and Izquierdo-Yusta (2016) stress that American customers often become loyal to particular brands. People’s needs and preferences were not addressed, which resulted in failures. Customers’ peculiarities were not taken into account in other regions as well. For instance, in Poland, people prefer convenience stores to large hypermarkets while Tesco focuses on this type of retail units in that region (Ruddick, 2013). Apart from the inability to identify people’s needs, Tesco also faced issues related to the introduction of new regulations.

For instance, the changes in the Indian legislature has a negative effect on the development of the company and its further expansion in the region (Butler & Neville, 2013). Finally, many countries are trying to address serious financial issues and introduce new taxes, which also has an adverse impact on the company’s growth.

When discussing the resources and capabilities of the international retailer, it is necessary to note that Tesco has substantial funds to invest in numerous projects. The company’s billion profits show that significant funds can be allocated to innovate and expand. Apart from the obvious financial resources, the company also has other resources and capabilities. For instance, Tesco has a positive experience associated with the collaboration with companies operating in new (for Tesco) regions (Wrigley et al., 2013).

This experience can be helpful when expanding to new markets (in India and China). Tesco’s experience in collaborating with other companies can generate value as the company will be able to employ it in other regions (collaborating with other companies). The use of this strategy can help the company reduce costs, understand new markets better, and develop a proper image in the new market.

The company also tries to innovate and come up with new products and services. The development of private labels is one of the areas where Tesco has succeeded in many regions. For example, its tablets have acquired significant popularity (Warman, 2013). Hence, the development of private labels can help the company meet the existing and potential customers’ needs in a more efficient way.

The company is also expanding its e-commerce operations. Tesco’s management claims that being online is one of the major competitive advantages in the retailing industry (Warman, 2013). The company has quite effective information systems that can be used to implement marketing research, share knowledge within the company, and so on. The data obtained can help the company create value-added products and services that can attract more customers and meet the needs of the existing customers.

It may seem that the most appropriate strategy for Tesco is the focus on the domestic market and the most successful foreign markets (such as South Korea). However, the UK market is saturated, and the competition is very serious. The company needs to expand, but the expansion strategy should be based on the lessons learned from previous years. First, Tesco should launch large-scale market research with a focus on customers’ characteristic features (profile).

It is essential to understand what people need and want. One of the successful methods to learn more about new customers is the development of partnerships and alliances. Tesco can collaborate with local businesses to develop a successful marketing strategy.

Yoder et al. (2016) note that ineffective supply chain management contributed to Tesco’s failures. The company should implement research concerning the most efficient locations of stores and other facilities. This task is closely connected with another area of concern. The company should analyze the existing competition in new markets. Tesco should properly evaluate the existing competition and (based on this analysis) decide whether new Tesco stores can be set or other locations should be chosen. It is also important to identify Tesco’s competitive advantage to be able to win the competition or, at least, remain a successful player in the market.

Finally, Tesco should focus on innovation as this strategy has proved to be effective in South Korea and many other countries. The use of technology is instrumental in achieving this goal. For example, South Korean customers enjoy so-called virtual stores (Wrigley et al., 2013). These advances can be equally successful in western countries as well. The use of mobile technologies is also on the rise. E-commerce is another area to develop.

In conclusion, it is possible to state that Tesco has chosen an effective strategy that implies internationalization. This strategy is associated with numerous opportunities, including larger profits, growth, flexibility, organizational learning, etc. However, it is vital to avoid the mistakes the company has made. For instance, Tesco should reconsider its supply chain management, especially when it comes to the choice of location. The company should implement extensive research concerning customers’ needs and preferences.

It is also critical to evaluate properly the existing competition in different markets as well as environmental issues as macro and micro-economic factors affecting the development of countries and regions. Tesco should maintain its focus on innovation, but the use of advanced technologies and marketing strategies should be based on extensive market research. Although the company is still facing numerous internal and external issues, Tesco can still retain its leading position and improve its operations in different markets.

Butler, S., & Neville, S. (2013). Tesco’s empire: Expansion checked in UK and beyond . The Guardian . Web.

Martinez-Ruiz, M. P., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, I., Jimenez-Zarco, A. I., & Izquierdo-Yusta, A. (2016). Private labels at the service of retailers’ image and competitive positioning: The case of Tesco. In M. Gomez-Suarez & M. Martinez Ruiz (Eds.), Handbook of research on strategic retailing of private label products in a recovering economy (pp. 104-126). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

Ruddick, G. (2013). Is Tesco’s dream of building an international empire unravelling? The Telegraph . Web.

Warman, M. (2013). Tesco Hudl tablet takes on Kindle and iPad . The Telegraph . Web.

Wrigley, N., Lowe, M., & Cudworth, K. (2013). The internationalization of Tesco: New frontiers and new problems. In G. Johnson, R. Whittington, D. Angwin, K. Scholes, & P. Regner (Eds.), Exploring strategy: Text and cases (pp. 657-661). Harlow, UK: Pearson.

Yoder, S., Visich, J., & Rustambekov, E. (2016). Lessons learned from international expansion failures and successes. Business Horizons , 59 (2), 233-243.

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IvyPanda. (2020, November 13). Tesco Corporation's Internationalization Strategy. https://ivypanda.com/essays/tesco-corporations-internationalization-strategy/

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Bibliography

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Tesco PLC in India Case Solution & Answer

Home » Case Study Analysis Solutions » Tesco PLC in India

Tesco PLC, the largest retailer in the UK, I was thinking in India. The booming economy and the lack of large retail chains in India provided for two national and foreign companies. The entry of foreign retailers, however, has been limited by restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail. India has gradually removed its restriction on FDI in other sectors, but it had not done in retail due to concerns about the fate of small traders. Removal of restrictions on FDI in the retail sector was inevitable, prompting many large industrial groups in India to enter hastily retail sector by global retailers could. In 2006 Reliance Industries, the largest business group in India, said his strategy was to establish a “pan-India footprint POS multi-format” with major rural centers to buy dairy products and products directly from farmers as part of their “” control field to table supply chain. This poses a major problem for global retailers. could enter the market today with its investment restrictions and therefore their forms of organization, or they might expect from other easing regulations on FDI. India last chance is significant market, Tesco Tesco has decided to refer the market, how to enter it, and when. by David P. Baron Source: Stanford Graduate School of Business 6 pages. Release Date: October 20, 2008. Prod #: P62-PDF-ENG Tesco PLC in India? Case Solution

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Tesco PLC Strategy for India Case Analysis and Case Solution

Posted by Peter Williams on Aug-09-2018

Introduction of Tesco PLC Strategy for India Case Solution

The Tesco PLC Strategy for India case study is a Harvard Business Review case study, which presents a simulated practical experience to the reader allowing them to learn about real life problems in the business world. The Tesco PLC Strategy for India case consisted of a central issue to the organization, which had to be identified, analysed and creative solutions had to be drawn to tackle the issue. This paper presents the solved Tesco PLC Strategy for India case analysis and case solution. The method through which the analysis is done is mentioned, followed by the relevant tools used in finding the solution.

The case solution first identifies the central issue to the Tesco PLC Strategy for India case study, and the relevant stakeholders affected by this issue. This is known as the problem identification stage. After this, the relevant tools and models are used, which help in the case study analysis and case study solution. The tools used in identifying the solution consist of the SWOT Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, VRIO analysis, Value Chain Analysis, BCG Matrix analysis, Ansoff Matrix analysis, and the Marketing Mix analysis. The solution consists of recommended strategies to overcome this central issue. It is a good idea to also propose alternative case study solutions, because if the main solution is not found feasible, then the alternative solutions could be implemented. Lastly, a good case study solution also includes an implementation plan for the recommendation strategies. This shows how through a step-by-step procedure as to how the central issue can be resolved.

Problem Identification of Tesco PLC Strategy for India Case Solution

Harvard Business Review cases involve a central problem that is being faced by the organization and these problems affect a number of stakeholders. In the problem identification stage, the problem faced by Tesco PLC Strategy for India is identified through reading of the case. This could be mentioned at the start of the reading, the middle or the end. At times in a case analysis, the problem may be clearly evident in the reading of the HBR case. At other times, finding the issue is the job of the person analysing the case. It is also important to understand what stakeholders are affected by the problem and how. The goals of the stakeholders and are the organization are also identified to ensure that the case study analysis are consistent with these.

Analysis of the Tesco PLC Strategy for India HBR Case Study

The objective of the case should be focused on. This is doing the Tesco PLC Strategy for India Case Solution. This analysis can be proceeded in a step-by-step procedure to ensure that effective solutions are found.

• In the first step, a growth path of the company can be formulated that lays down its vision, mission and strategic aims. These can usually be developed using the company history is provided in the case. Company history is helpful in a Business Case study as it helps one understand what the scope of the solutions will be for the case study.
• The next step is of understanding the company; its people, their priorities and the overall culture. This can be done by using company history. It can also be done by looking at anecdotal instances of managers or employees that are usually included in an HBR case study description to give the reader a real feel of the situation.
• Lastly, a timeline of the issues and events in the case needs to be made. Arranging events in a timeline allows one to predict the next few events that are likely to take place. It also helps one in developing the case study solutions. The timeline also helps in understanding the continuous challenges that are being faced by the organisation.

SWOT analysis of Tesco PLC Strategy for India

An important tool that helps in addressing the central issue of the case and coming up with Tesco PLC Strategy for India HBR case solution is the SWOT analysis.

• The SWOT analysis is a strategic management tool that lists down in the form of a matrix, an organisation's internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats. It helps in the strategic analysis of Tesco PLC Strategy for India.
• Once this listing has been done, a clearer picture can be developed in regards to how strategies will be formed to address the main problem. For example, strengths will be used as an advantage in solving the issue.

Therefore, the SWOT analysis is a helpful tool in coming up with the Tesco PLC Strategy for India Case Study answers. One does not need to remain restricted to using the traditional SWOT analysis, but the advanced TOWS matrix or weighted average SWOT analysis can also be used.

Porter Five Forces Analysis for Tesco PLC Strategy for India

Another helpful tool in finding the case solutions is of Porter's Five Forces analysis. This is also a strategic tool that is used to analyse the competitive environment of the industry in which Tesco PLC Strategy for India operates in. Analysis of the industry is important as businesses do not work in isolation in real life, but are affected by the business environment of the industry that they operate in. Harvard Business case studies represent real-life situations, and therefore, an analysis of the industry's competitive environment needs to be carried out to come up with more holistic case study solutions. In Porter's Five Forces analysis, the industry is analysed along 5 dimensions.

• These are the threats that the industry faces due to new entrants.
• It includes the threat of substitute products.
• It includes the bargaining power of buyers in the industry.
• It includes the bargaining power of suppliers in an industry.
• Lastly, the overall rivalry or competition within the industry is analysed.

This tool helps one understand the relative powers of the major players in the industry and its overall competitive dynamics. Actionable and practical solutions can then be developed by keeping these factors into perspective.

PESTEL Analysis of Tesco PLC Strategy for India

Another helpful tool that should be used in finding the case study solutions is the PESTEL analysis. This also looks at the external business environment of the organisation helps in finding case study Analysis to real-life business issues as in HBR cases.

• The PESTEL analysis particularly looks at the macro environmental factors that affect the industry. These are the political, environmental, social, technological, environmental and legal (regulatory) factors affecting the industry.
• Factors within each of these 6 should be listed down, and analysis should be made as to how these affect the organisation under question.
• These factors are also responsible for the future growth and challenges within the industry. Hence, they should be taken into consideration when coming up with the Tesco PLC Strategy for India case solution.

VRIO Analysis of Tesco PLC Strategy for India

This is an analysis carried out to know about the internal strengths and capabilities of Tesco PLC Strategy for India. Under the VRIO analysis, the following steps are carried out:

• The internal resources of Tesco PLC Strategy for India are listed down.
• Each of these resources are assessed in terms of the value it brings to the organization.
• Each resource is assessed in terms of how rare it is. A rare resource is one that is not commonly used by competitors.
• Each resource is assessed whether it could be imitated by competition easily or not.
• Lastly, each resource is assessed in terms of whether the organization can use it to an advantage or not.

The analysis done on the 4 dimensions; Value, Rareness, Imitability, and Organization. If a resource is high on all of these 4, then it brings long-term competitive advantage. If a resource is high on Value, Rareness, and Imitability, then it brings an unused competitive advantage. If a resource is high on Value and Rareness, then it only brings temporary competitive advantage. If a resource is only valuable, then it’s a competitive parity. If it’s none, then it can be regarded as a competitive disadvantage.

Value Chain Analysis of Tesco PLC Strategy for India

The Value chain analysis of Tesco PLC Strategy for India helps in identifying the activities of an organization, and how these add value in terms of cost reduction and differentiation. This tool is used in the case study analysis as follows:

• The firm’s primary and support activities are listed down.
• Identifying the importance of these activities in the cost of the product and the differentiation they produce.
• Lastly, differentiation or cost reduction strategies are to be used for each of these activities to increase the overall value provided by these activities.

Recognizing value creating activities and enhancing the value that they create allow Tesco PLC Strategy for India to increase its competitive advantage.

BCG Matrix of Tesco PLC Strategy for India

The BCG Matrix is an important tool in deciding whether an organization should invest or divest in its strategic business units. The matrix involves placing the strategic business units of a business in one of four categories; question marks, stars, dogs and cash cows. The placement in these categories depends on the relative market share of the organization and the market growth of these strategic business units. The steps to be followed in this analysis is as follows:

• Identify the relative market share of each strategic business unit.
• Identify the market growth of each strategic business unit.
• Place these strategic business units in one of four categories. Question Marks are those strategic business units with high market share and low market growth rate. Stars are those strategic business units with high market share and high market growth rate. Cash Cows are those strategic business units with high market share and low market growth rate. Dogs are those strategic business units with low market share and low growth rate.
• Relevant strategies should be implemented for each strategic business unit depending on its position in the matrix.

The strategies identified from the Tesco PLC Strategy for India BCG matrix and included in the case pdf. These are either to further develop the product, penetrate the market, develop the market, diversification, investing or divesting.

Ansoff Matrix of Tesco PLC Strategy for India

Ansoff Matrix is an important strategic tool to come up with future strategies for Tesco PLC Strategy for India in the case solution. It helps decide whether an organization should pursue future expansion in new markets and products or should it focus on existing markets and products.

• The organization can penetrate into existing markets with its existing products. This is known as market penetration strategy.
• The organization can develop new products for the existing market. This is known as product development strategy.
• The organization can enter new markets with its existing products. This is known as market development strategy.
• The organization can enter into new markets with new products. This is known as a diversification strategy.

The choice of strategy depends on the analysis of the previous tools used and the level of risk the organization is willing to take.

Marketing Mix of Tesco PLC Strategy for India

Tesco PLC Strategy for India needs to bring out certain responses from the market that it targets. To do so, it will need to use the marketing mix, which serves as a tool in helping bring out responses from the market. The 4 elements of the marketing mix are Product, Price, Place and Promotions. The following steps are required to carry out a marketing mix analysis and include this in the case study analysis.

• Analyse the company’s products and devise strategies to improve the product offering of the company.
• Analyse the company’s price points and devise strategies that could be based on competition, value or cost.
• Analyse the company’s promotion mix. This includes the advertisement, public relations, personal selling, sales promotion, and direct marketing. Strategies will be devised which makes use of a few or all of these elements.
• Analyse the company’s distribution and reach. Strategies can be devised to improve the availability of the company’s products.

Tesco PLC Strategy for India Blue Ocean Strategy

The strategies devised and included in the Tesco PLC Strategy for India case memo should have a blue ocean strategy. A blue ocean strategy is a strategy that involves firms seeking uncontested market spaces, which makes the competition of the company irrelevant. It involves coming up with new and unique products or ideas through innovation. This gives the organization a competitive advantage over other firms, unlike a red ocean strategy.

Competitors analysis of Tesco PLC Strategy for India

The PESTEL analysis discussed previously looked at the macro environmental factors affecting business, but not the microenvironmental factors. One of the microenvironmental factors are competitors, which are addressed by a competitor analysis. The Competitors analysis of Tesco PLC Strategy for India looks at the direct and indirect competitors within the industry that it operates in.

• This involves a detailed analysis of their actions and how these would affect the future strategies of Tesco PLC Strategy for India.
• It involves looking at the current market share of the company and its competitors.
• It should compare the marketing mix elements of competitors, their supply chain, human resources, financial strength etc.
• It also should look at the potential opportunities and threats that these competitors pose on the company.

Organisation of the Analysis into Tesco PLC Strategy for India Case Study Solution

Once various tools have been used to analyse the case, the findings of this analysis need to be incorporated into practical and actionable solutions. These solutions will also be the Tesco PLC Strategy for India case answers. These are usually in the form of strategies that the organisation can adopt. The following step-by-step procedure can be used to organise the Harvard Business case solution and recommendations:

• The first step of the solution is to come up with a corporate level strategy for the organisation. This part consists of solutions that address issues faced by the organisation on a strategic level. This could include suggestions, changes or recommendations to the company's vision, mission and its strategic objectives. It can include recommendations on how the organisation can work towards achieving these strategic objectives. Furthermore, it needs to be explained how the stated recommendations will help in solving the main issue mentioned in the case and where the company will stand in the future as a result of these.
• The second step of the solution is to come up with a business level strategy. The HBR case studies may present issues faced by a part of the organisation. For example, the issues may be stated for marketing and the role of a marketing manager needs to be assumed. So, recommendations and suggestions need to address the strategy of the marketing department in this case. Therefore, the strategic objectives of this business unit (Marketing) will be laid down in the solutions and recommendations will be made as to how to achieve these objectives. Similar would be the case for any other business unit or department such as human resources, finance, IT etc. The important thing to note here is that the business level strategy needs to be aligned with the overall corporate strategy of the organisation. For example, if one suggests the organisation to focus on differentiation for competitive advantage as a corporate level strategy, then it can't be recommended for the Tesco PLC Strategy for India Case Study Solution that the business unit should focus on costs.
• The third step is not compulsory but depends from case to case. In some HBR case studies, one may be required to analyse an issue at a department. This issue may be analysed for a manager or employee as well. In these cases, recommendations need to be made for these people. The solution may state that objectives that these people need to achieve and how these objectives would be achieved.

The case study analysis and solution, and Tesco PLC Strategy for India case answers should be written down in the Tesco PLC Strategy for India case memo, clearly identifying which part shows what. The Tesco PLC Strategy for India case should be in a professional format, presenting points clearly that are well understood by the reader.

Alternate solution to the Tesco PLC Strategy for India HBR case study

It is important to have more than one solution to the case study. This is the alternate solution that would be implemented if the original proposed solution is found infeasible or impossible due to a change in circumstances. The alternate solution for Tesco PLC Strategy for India is presented in the same way as the original solution, where it consists of a corporate level strategy, business level strategy and other recommendations.

Implementation of Tesco PLC Strategy for India Case Solution

The case study does not end at just providing recommendations to the issues at hand. One is also required to provide how these recommendations would be implemented. This is shown through a proper implementation framework. A detailed implementation framework helps in distinguishing between an average and an above average case study answer. A good implementation framework shows the proposed plan and how the organisations' resources would be used to achieve the objectives. It also lays down the changes needed to be made as well as the assumptions in the process.

• A proper implementation framework shows that one has clearly understood the case study and the main issue within it.
• It shows that one has been clarified with the HBR fundamentals on the topic.
• It shows that the details provided in the case have been properly analysed.
• It shows that one has developed an ability to prioritise recommendations and how these could be successfully implemented.
• The implementation framework also helps by removing out any recommendations that are not practical or actionable as these could not be implemented. Therefore, the implementation framework ensures that the solution to the Tesco PLC Strategy for India Harvard case is complete and properly answered.

Recommendations and Action Plan for Tesco PLC Strategy for India case analysis

For Tesco PLC Strategy for India, based on the SWOT Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, VRIO analysis, Value Chain Analysis, BCG Matrix analysis, Ansoff Matrix analysis, and the Marketing Mix analysis, the recommendations and action plan are as follows:

• Tesco PLC Strategy for India should focus on making use of its strengths identified from the VRIO analysis to make the most of the opportunities identified from the PESTEL.
• Tesco PLC Strategy for India should enhance the value creating activities within its value chain.
• Tesco PLC Strategy for India should invest in its stars and cash cows, while getting rid of the dogs identified from the BCG Matrix analysis.
• To achieve its overall corporate and business level objectives, it should make use of the marketing mix tools to obtain desired results from its target market.

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Pickton, D. W., & Wright, S. (1998). What's swot in strategic analysis? Strategic Change, 7(2), 101-109.

Porter, M. E. (2001). The value chain and competitive advantage. Understanding Business Processes, 50-66.

Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance (Vol. 2). New York: Free Press.

Porter, M.E. (1979, March). Harvard Business Review: Strategic Planning, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. Retrieved July 7, 2016, from https://hbr.org/1979/03/how-competitive-forces-shape-strategy

Rastogi, N., & Trivedi, M. K. (2016). PESTLE Technique–a Tool to Identify External Risks in Construction Projects. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 3(1), 384-388.

Rauch, P. (2007). SWOT analyses and SWOT strategy formulation for forest owner cooperations in Austria. European Journal of Forest Research, 126(3), 413-420.

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Tesco PLC in India? – Case Solution

Tesco PLC, the largest retailer in the United Kingdom, was pondering India with its booming economy and the absence of major retail chains which provides an opportunity for both domestic and foreign firms. However, restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) in retailing limit the entry of foreign retailers. Although India had done away with such restrictions on FDI in other sectors, it had not done so in retailing in consideration of the fate of small retailers. Yet, it is inevitable that FDI retailing restrictions would soon be removed. Thus, many large Indian industrial groups entered the retailing sector before global retailers could. Global retailers then are faced with the dilemma of entering the Indian market now with constraints on their investments or wait until such time when FDI regulations are further relaxed. Tesco PLC had to decide whether to enter the market, how to enter it, and when to do it.

​Baron, David P. Stanford University ( P62-PDF-ENG ) 10/20/2008

Case questions answered:

• How should Tesco PLC sustain the advantage of being the first global multi-brand retailer to be allowed to invest in India? (Who are Tesco’s current competitors in the UK? In India? Why does this matter?).
• How should Tesco fine-tune its tried and tested global business model to suit the Indian retail market?
• How should Tesco avoid the kind of failure it had recently experienced in its U.S. business? (There are various short articles available on the Internet that highlight the reasons for Tesco PLC’s failures. How can Tesco learn from these?).

Not the questions you were looking for? Submit your own questions & get answers .

Tesco PLC in India? Case Answers

Tesco plc in india: will the sun set on this british food empire.

Even into the 21st century, businesses in the United Kingdom cannot resist branching into markets in India. Britain’s largest grocery retailer, Tesco PLC, set its sights on expanding into the food-retailing sector of India as a way of continuing their international expansion.

Having failed in its attempt to make this same entrance into the market of the United States, Tesco PLC could not afford to disregard any of its advantages nor half-heartedly utilize its previously implemented expansion strategies.

The British brand will have to consider current competitors in the Indian market, adjust to consumer tastes and preferences in a large foreign nation, and hit the right proverbial notes to reach a breakeven point fiscally.

Tesco PLC ought to strive to sustain its distinct advantage of being the first global multi-brand retailer to be allowed to invest in India.

This first-to-market advantage is pivotal in promoting the success of the brand in a foreign country, as this sort of investment can prove challenging if not maneuvered correctly.

While Tesco had over two decades of internationalization experience with the company, it had not been able to recover the cost of its capital outside of the United Kingdom, where the brand originated.

Beginning their foray into the market of India, Tesco PLC had certain advantages that were not present in their previous attempts for expansion.

For instance, India was the second-largest country in the world by population, and the food retailing industry in that country was growing at a compound rate of 10% per…

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Marketing Process Analysis

Segmentation, targeting, positioning, marketing strategic planning, marketing 5 concepts analysis, swot analysis & matrix, porter five forces analysis, pestel / pest / step analysis, cage distance analysis international marketing analysis leadership, organizational resilience analysis, bcg matrix / growth share matrix analysis, block chain supply chain management, paei management roles, leadership with empathy & compassion, triple bottom line analysis, mckinsey 7s analysis, smart analysis, vuca analysis ai ethics analysis analytics, tesco plc: strategy for india case study solution & analysis / mba resources.

• Tesco PLC: Strategy for India
• Strategy & Execution / MBA Resources

Introduction to case study solution

EMBA Pro case study solution for Tesco PLC: Strategy for India case study

At EMBA PRO , we provide corporate level professional case study solution. Tesco PLC: Strategy for India case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Christopher Williams, Chandra Sekhar Ramasastry. The Tesco PLC: Strategy for India (referred as “Tesco Jv” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Strategy & Execution. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, Joint ventures. Our immersive learning methodology from – case study discussions to simulations tools help MBA and EMBA professionals to - gain new insight, deepen their knowledge of the Strategy & Execution field, and broaden their skill set.

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Case Description of Tesco PLC: Strategy for India Case Study

As multinational enterprises expand operations in emerging economies, identifying and responding to unique marketing challenges may require strategy that focuses on local adaptation and global integration on a country by country basis. In March 2014, Tesco PLC (Tesco), the largest retailer in the United Kingdom and the third largest supermarket group in the world, has signed an agreement with Trent Hypermarkets, the retail division of the Tata Group, a leading Indian business conglomerate, for setting up a 50:50 joint venture (JV) in Indian retail. Tesco is committed to investing A?85 million (US$110 million) as its share of capital. As it gets down to the basics of operating the JV, the management of Tesco, head quartered in London, United Kingdom, is facing three major dilemmas: How should Tesco sustain the advantage of being the first global multi-brand retailer to be allowed to invest in India? How should it fine-tune its tried and tested global business model to suit Indian retail? How could the company avoid the kind of failure it had experienced in the U.S. market, which it exited in April 2013?

Case Authors : Christopher Williams, Chandra Sekhar Ramasastry

Topic : strategy & execution, related areas : joint ventures, what is the case study method how can you use it to write case solution for tesco plc: strategy for india case study.

Almost all of the case studies contain well defined situations. MBA and EMBA professional can take advantage of these situations to - apply theoretical framework, recommend new processes, and use quantitative methods to suggest course of action. Awareness of the common situations can help MBA & EMBA professionals read the case study more efficiently, discuss it more effectively among the team members, narrow down the options, and write cogently.

Case Study Solution Approaches

Three Step Approach to Tesco PLC: Strategy for India Case Study Solution

The three step case study solution approach comprises – Conclusions – MBA & EMBA professionals should state their conclusions at the very start. It helps in communicating the points directly and the direction one took. Reasons – At the second stage provide the reasons for the conclusions. Why you choose one course of action over the other. For example why the change effort failed in the case and what can be done to rectify it. Or how the marketing budget can be better spent using social media rather than traditional media. Evidences – Finally you should provide evidences to support your reasons. It has to come from the data provided within the case study rather than data from outside world. Evidences should be both compelling and consistent. In case study method there is ‘no right’ answer, just how effectively you analyzed the situation based on incomplete information and multiple scenarios.

Case Study Solution of Tesco PLC: Strategy for India

We write Tesco PLC: Strategy for India case study solution using Harvard Business Review case writing framework & HBR Strategy & Execution learning notes. We try to cover all the bases in the field of Strategy & Execution, Joint ventures and other related areas.

Objectives of using various frameworks in Tesco PLC: Strategy for India case study solution

By using the above frameworks for Tesco PLC: Strategy for India case study solutions, you can clearly draw conclusions on the following areas – What are the strength and weaknesses of Tesco Jv (SWOT Analysis) What are external factors that are impacting the business environment (PESTEL Analysis) Should Tesco Jv enter new market or launch new product (Opportunities & Threats from SWOT Analysis) What will be the expected profitability of the new products or services (Porter Five Forces Analysis) How it can improve the profitability in a given industry (Porter Value Chain Analysis) What are the resources needed to increase profitability (VRIO Analysis) Finally which business to continue, where to invest further and from which to get out (BCG Growth Share Analysis)

SWOT Analysis of Tesco PLC: Strategy for India

SWOT analysis stands for – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and Weaknesses are result of Tesco Jv internal factors, while opportunities and threats arise from developments in external environment in which Tesco Jv operates. SWOT analysis will help us in not only getting a better insight into Tesco Jv present competitive advantage but also help us in how things have to evolve to maintain and consolidate the competitive advantage.

- Streamlined processes and efficient operation management – Tesco Jv is one of the most efficient firms in its segment. The credit for the performance goes to successful execution and efficient operations management.

- Experienced and successful leadership team – Tesco Jv management team has been a success over last decade by successfully predicting trends in the industry.

- Low profitability which can hamper new project investment – Even though Tesco Jv financial statement is stable, but going forward Tesco Jv 5-7% profitability can lead to shortage of funds to invest into new projects.

- Little experience of international market – Even though it is a major player in local market, Tesco Jv has little experience in international market. According to Christopher Williams, Chandra Sekhar Ramasastry , Tesco Jv needs international talent to penetrate into developing markets.

Opportunities

- Increase in Consumer Disposable Income – Tesco Jv can use the increasing disposable income to build a new business model where customers start paying progressively for using its products. According to Christopher Williams, Chandra Sekhar Ramasastry of Tesco PLC: Strategy for India case study, Tesco Jv can use this trend to expand in adjacent areas Joint ventures.

- Developments in Artificial Intelligence – Tesco Jv can use developments in artificial intelligence to better predict consumer demand, cater to niche segments, and make better recommendation engines.

- Home market marketing technique won’t work in new markets such as India and China where scale is prized over profitability.

- Customers are moving toward mobile first environment which can hamper the growth as Tesco Jv still hasn’t got a comprehensive mobile strategy.

Once all the factors mentioned in the Tesco PLC: Strategy for India case study are organized based on SWOT analysis, just remove the non essential factors. This will help you in building a weighted SWOT analysis which reflects the real importance of factors rather than just tabulation of all the factors mentioned in the case.

What is PESTEL Analysis

PESTEL /PEST / STEP Analysis of Tesco PLC: Strategy for India Case Study

PESTEL stands for – Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors that impact the macro environment in which Tesco Jv operates in. Christopher Williams, Chandra Sekhar Ramasastry provides extensive information about PESTEL factors in Tesco PLC: Strategy for India case study.

Political Factors

- Political and Legal Structure – The political system seems stable and there is consistency in both economic policies and foreign policies.

- Little dangers of armed conflict – Based on the research done by international foreign policy institutions, it is safe to conclude that there is very little probability of country entering into an armed conflict with another state.

Economic Factors

- According to Christopher Williams, Chandra Sekhar Ramasastry . Tesco Jv should closely monitor consumer disposable income level, household debt level, and level of efficiency of local financial markets.

- Inflation rate is one of the key criteria to consider for Tesco Jv before entering into a new market.

Social Factors

- Leisure activities, social attitudes & power structures in society - are needed to be analyzed by Tesco Jv before launching any new products as they will impact the demand of the products.

- Consumer buying behavior and consumer buying process – Tesco Jv should closely follow the dynamics of why and how the consumers are buying the products both in existing categories and in segments that Tesco Jv wants to enter.

Technological Factors

- 5G has potential to transform the business environment especially in terms of marketing and promotion for Tesco Jv.

- Artificial intelligence and machine learning will give rise to importance of speed over planning. Tesco Jv needs to build strategies to operate in such an environment.

Environmental Factors

- Consumer activism is significantly impacting Tesco Jv branding, marketing and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives.

- Environmental regulations can impact the cost structure of Tesco Jv. It can further impact the cost of doing business in certain markets.

Legal Factors

- Intellectual property rights are one area where Tesco Jv can face legal threats in some of the markets it is operating in.

- Property rights are also an area of concern for Tesco Jv as it needs to make significant Joint ventures infrastructure investment just to enter new market.

What are Porter Five Forces

Porter Five Forces Analysis of Tesco PLC: Strategy for India

Competition among existing players, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of new entrants, and threat of substitutes.

What is VRIO Analysis

VRIO Analysis of Tesco PLC: Strategy for India

VRIO stands for – Value of the resource that Tesco Jv possess, Rareness of those resource, Imitation Risk that competitors pose, and Organizational Competence of Tesco Jv. VRIO and VRIN analysis can help the firm.

What is Porter Value Chain

Porter Value Chain Analysis of Tesco PLC: Strategy for India

As the name suggests Value Chain framework is developed by Michael Porter in 1980’s and it is primarily used for analyzing Tesco Jv relative cost and value structure. Managers can use Porter Value Chain framework to disaggregate various processes and their relative costs in the Tesco Jv. This will help in answering – the related costs and various sources of competitive advantages of Tesco Jv in the markets it operates in. The process can also be done to competitors to understand their competitive advantages and competitive strategies. According to Michael Porter – Competitive Advantage is a relative term and has to be understood in the context of rivalry within an industry. So Value Chain competitive benchmarking should be done based on industry structure and bottlenecks.

What is BCG Growth Share Matrix

BCG Growth Share Matrix of Tesco PLC: Strategy for India

BCG Growth Share Matrix is very valuable tool to analyze Tesco Jv strategic positioning in various sectors that it operates in and strategic options that are available to it. Product Market segmentation in BCG Growth Share matrix should be done with great care as there can be a scenario where Tesco Jv can be market leader in the industry without being a dominant player or segment leader in any of the segment. BCG analysis should comprise not only growth share of industry & Tesco Jv business unit but also Tesco Jv - overall profitability, level of debt, debt paying capacity, growth potential, expansion expertise, dividend requirements from shareholders, and overall competitive strength. Two key considerations while using BCG Growth Share Matrix for Tesco PLC: Strategy for India case study solution - How to calculate Weighted Average Market Share using BCG Growth Share Matrix Relative Weighted Average Market Share Vs Largest Competitor

5C Marketing Analysis of Tesco PLC: Strategy for India

4p marketing analysis of tesco plc: strategy for india, porter five forces analysis and solution of tesco plc: strategy for india, porter value chain analysis and solution of tesco plc: strategy for india, case memo & recommendation memo of tesco plc: strategy for india, blue ocean analysis and solution of tesco plc: strategy for india, marketing strategy and analysis tesco plc: strategy for india, vrio /vrin analysis & solution of tesco plc: strategy for india, pestel / step / pest analysis of tesco plc: strategy for india, swot analysis and solution of tesco plc: strategy for india, references & further readings.

Christopher Williams, Chandra Sekhar Ramasastry (2018) , "Tesco PLC: Strategy for India Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.

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In India, an exhausted female doctor took a nap at work. What happened next horrified a nation

Topic: Sexual Offences

Doctors have protested around India after a young medical professional was allegedly raped and killed on the job.  ( Reuters: Adnan Abidi )

A young female doctor was allegedly raped and murdered at her workplace in Kolkata. 

A police volunteer stationed within the hospital has been arrested and charged. 

What's next?

The victim's family alleges it was gang rape and more than one person was involved.

During a marathon 36-hour shift at a government hospital in India's east, a young female trainee doctor ducked off for a quick sleep.

WARNING: The details in this story might be distressing to some readers. 

According to her colleagues, she headed to an empty seminar room used by on-duty doctors to rest.

There, she was brutally raped and murdered.

The 31-year-old's death while at work at the Kolkata R. G. Kar Medical College on August 9 has ignited a furore across India.

Tens of thousands of people have marched through the streets across the country during the past two weeks, calling for justice for the victim and a radical reshaping of attitudes towards women.

More than a million doctors are estimated to have gone on strike, and the country's highest court has ordered a national taskforce be set up to improve workplace safety in hospitals.

But awful crimes like this aren't uncommon in India.

An ABC analysis of government crime data shows in 2022 a woman was raped on average every 17 minutes.

Many cases go unreported in the media. Most don't result in any sort of punishment.

A quick scan of local media shows coverage of dozens of rape incidents in the past month alone.

So, in a country infamous for sexual attacks on women, why has this particular case garnered so much attention?

'Another incident? Again?'

Anti-rape activist Yogita Bhayana says the answer is simple: the victim was a doctor.

"It's beyond disgusting. Where can we call a safe place for women in this country?" says activist Yogita Bhayana.  ( Instagram: Yogita Bhayana )

"That is a trigger point," Ms Bhayana, who runs the organisation People Against Rapes in India, told the ABC.

"The reason there is so much outrage is because [a hospital] is supposed to be the safest place.

"It gives me jitters that in a public facility like a hospital where she was serving others and continuously working for many, many hours, this is her fate.

"It's beyond disgusting. Where can we call a safe place for women in this country?"

Amisha Maroo, a 24-year-old second-year resident at a government training hospital in New Delhi, is one of thousands of doctors who suspended non-emergency work at their hospital and joined the protests.

She said abuse of female doctors is common in India.

"A lawyer should be safe in court. A police officer should be safe in his own police station. Likewise, a doctor should be at least safe in the workplace where he or she is working," Dr Amisha Maroo said.  ( Instagram: Dr Amisha Maroo )

"Honestly, I was like, 'Another incident? Again?'" she said. 

"Women are now empowered [to work] in every workplace, be scientists, doctors, but still common people and citizens are not able to respect that."

She said the Kolkata incident has made her question the government's interest in safe and secure workplaces.

"A lawyer should be safe in court. A police officer should be safe in his own police station. Likewise, a doctor should be at least safe in the workplace where he or she is working," she said. 

"That is the basic right we can expect from a government."

That expectation is also held by the country's highest court.

On Tuesday, the Supreme Court ordered a national taskforce be set up to improve safety standards in hospitals, suggesting things like separate resting rooms for female staff and better CCTV coverage.

"If women cannot go to a place of work and be safe, then we are denying the basic conditions of equality," Chief Justice D Y Chandrachud said.

Will there be justice?

Government data shows between 2017 and 2022 there were 189,000 reported rape cases in India.

More than 31,000 rapes of women or girls were reported in 2022 alone.

However, the conviction rate remains low , hovering between 27 and 28 per cent from 2018 to 2022.

Senior Supreme Court lawyer and human rights activist Vrinda Grover said the danger against a woman who has been assaulted can often intensify after the crime has been committed.

Doctors walked off the job after a woman was raped and murdered at work in a hospital in Kolkata.  ( Reuters: Sahiba Chawdhary )

"Many women drop out [of pursuing justice] because there is so much threat and intimidation," Ms Grover told the ABC.

"We've had cases where a woman going to court has been kidnapped, she has been burned to death because the people who have committed the rape are so powerful, socially and politically.

"Why should a woman have to pay with her life because she has filed a complaint?"

Rape causing death can be a capital punishment offence in India.

Those convicted may be hanged, or jailed for 20 years to life.

India's last hanging was in 2020 , when four adult men convicted of gang raping and murdering a 23-year-old physiotherapy student on a bus in Delhi in 2012 were executed.

Days after the Kolkata incident, the Chief Minister of West Bengal – where the crime occurred – led a rally demanding the person or people responsible for the doctor's death be hanged within the week.

Ms Grover said she has "never heard a more odd thing".

"There is an entire trial to be conducted," she said.

Female doctors say the crime has left them fearful of going to work.  ( AP: Mahesh Kumar A. )

"There is a presumption of innocence enshrined in the Indian constitution for every accused, including a rapist."

In any case, those convicted of rape causing murder are not automatically given the death penalty; that's reserved for cases deemed "rarest of the rare" by a court.

Ms Bhayana from People Against Rapes in India said the attention on the Kolkata case would hopefully lead to a more severe punishment for those responsible, but lamented the huge number of victims who don't ever get justice.

"[Judges] go by the outrage, unfortunately, they don't go by the merits," she said.

"This case might get justice, but unfortunately, not many cases get justice in this country.

"It can't turn into outrage every time because there is no backing, there is no support."

Across India, women in STEM have attended protests and vigils to remember the woman who was killed at work in Kolkata.  ( AP: Anupam Nath )

Ms Grover, who assisted the trial court regarding the sentencing of the Delhi gang rapists to death, said India's sexual assault statistics are a "perfect example" of capital punishment not deterring would-be criminals.

"Four men were hanged in March 2020. Who did it deter?" she asked. 

"The Kolkata horrible, horrific incident reminds us of the same thing."

She accused governments of using inflammatory calls for "the spectacle" of the death sentence to divert attention away from possible failures to provide safe workplaces or contribute to meaningful change in attitudes towards women.

Where's the investigation at?

A police volunteer stationed within the hospital has been arrested and charged with rape and murder.

However, the victim's family alleges it was gang rape and more than one person was involved.

An autopsy has confirmed sexual assault.

Days after the incident, Kolkata's High Court criticised local police for their handling of the investigation and transferred the case to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), India's federal crime investigation agency.

On Thursday, the CBI submitted a status report on its investigation to the Supreme Court.

The government of West Bengal also submitted an update on its investigation into a mob attack on the hospital last week.

An angry mob stormed the R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital in Kolkata and smashed up facilities in the wake of the murder.  ( Reuters: Sahiba Chawdhary )

The Supreme Court again urged striking doctors to return to work, after making the same request on Tuesday.

But many are still refusing to provide anything other than emergency care.

Resident doctors at the Kolkata hospital issued a statement on Tuesday night asking for Indians' "unwavering support and solidarity" as they strike for "the safety, dignity, and rights of every medical professional in our country".

The incident has deeply impacted 26-year-old Tabinda Farooq, who works at a remote hospital in northern India.

She hoped the inconvenience of the protests would lead to change.

"If the hospitals will be shut for a day, it's going to blow out the whole nation," Dr Farooq said.

"This is the way we can fight for it and get justice.

"After God's will, it's doctors who heal people and send them back home happy and healthy."

The case highlights the danger that all women face in India, and not just those in professional roles, according to women's studies academic Deeplina Banerjee, from Western University in Ontario. 

"Growing up, we have been told that the honour of the family rests with us in our bodies. 

"So if anything is to happen to that honour, if we are violated by perpetrators who are men, who are violent, then the blame is on us.

"What we are seeing really is the tip of the iceberg. The problem is far more entrenched and deep-rooted." 

Additional reporting by Oscar Coleman .

Female students walked out of class to demonstrate against the murder of a young doctor this month.  ( AP: Anupam Nath )

• You Are At:

Kolkata rape: What did Justice Verma panel say on death penalty for rapists after Nirbhaya case? Explained

The kolkata doctor rape and murder case has triggered nationwide protests led by medics, demanding justice for the victim's family and protection for the medical fraternity..

It is pertinent to mention that a postgraduate trainee doctor was raped and murdered while on duty at the hospital on August 9. Later, the semi-naked body of the 32-year-old woman was found in the seminar hall of the government-run hospital in Kolkata. A civic volunteer was arrested in connection with the crime the next day. Following this, the Calcutta High Court ordered the transfer of the probe into the case from the Kolkata Police to the Central Bureau of Investigation.

The Justice JS Verma Committee, which recommended changes to criminal laws in 2013, explicitly stated that it was not inclined to recommend the death penalty for rape, even in the rarest of rare cases. "...seeking of death penalty would be a regressive step in the field of sentencing and reformation," the said in its report. 

The panel was set up in the wake of the brutal gang rape of a 23-year-old woman in Delhi on December 16, 2012, was headed by former chief justice of India JS Verma. The other members of the three-member committee were former Himachal Pradesh chief justice Leila Seth and former solicitor-general Gopal Subramaniam.

What did Justice Verma Committee recommend?

The Justice Verma Committee recommended that rapists who cause the death of the victim or inflict serious injuries be punished with not less than 20 years imprisonment, "which shall mean for the rest of the convict’s natural life". The committee has raised the bar of punishment for a wide range of existing and proposed sexual offences.

"Whoever commits an offence punishable under Section 376(1) or Section 376(2) and in the course of such commission inflicts an injury which causes the death of the person or causes the person to be in a persistent vegetative state, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, but may be for life, which shall mean the rest of that person’s natural life," it noted. 

It is also noted that "there is considerable evidence that the deterrent effect of death penalty on serious crimes is actually a myth. According to the Working Group on Human Rights, the murder rate has declined consistently in India over the last 20 years despite the slowdown in the execution of death sentences since 1980. Hence we do take note of the argument that introduction of death penalty for rape may not have a deterrent effect."

In its 630-page report, the committee also proposed introducing new criminal offenses such as stalking, disrobing a woman, trafficking, voyeurism, and marital rape. It recommended that these offenses, along with threatening sexual behavior through words or gestures, could result in imprisonment for three to five years.

The committee also determined that existing anti-rape laws were adequate if enforced correctly and opposed the suggestion to lower the age of juveniles from 18 to 16.

What panel recommends on marital rape?

The Verma Committee recommended that the exception to marital rape be removed, pointing out that “a marital or other relationship between the perpetrator or victim is not a valid defence against the crimes of rape or sexual violation.” 

"Our view is supported by the judgment of the European Commission of Human Rights in CR v UK, which endorsed the conclusion that a rapist remains a rapist regardless of his relationship with the victim. Importantly, it acknowledged that this change in the common law was in accordance with the fundamental objectives of the Convention on Human Rights, the very essence of which is respect for human rights, dignity and freedom. This was given statutory recognition in the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994," it said.

However, the Union government did not adopt this recommendation and chose not to criminalize marital rape. According to the BNS, Exception 2 of Section 63 stipulates that "sexual intercourse or acts by a man with his wife, provided the wife is not under 18 years of age, is not considered rape."

Union govt on death penalty 

When the Union Cabinet approved an ordinance on sexual assault in 2013 and enacted criminal amendments into law, it did not adopt the recommendation regarding the death penalty from the Justice JS Verma Committee. This committee submitted its recommendations on January 23, 2013. 

Instead, key amendments included provisions for the death penalty in cases where rape results in the victim's death or a persistent vegetative state (Section 376A of the Indian Penal Code) and for repeat offenders (Section 376E). In 2018, further changes made the death penalty applicable to all participants in a gang rape if the victim is under 12 years old (Section 376DB), and life imprisonment if the victim is under 16 (Section 376DA). Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Sections 64, 65, and 70(2) stipulate the death penalty for gang rape of a woman under 18.

Also Read: Kerala: 70-year-old woman raped, blinded with chilli powder during robbery bid

Aslo Read: PM Modi vouches for strict punishment in crimes against women amid Kolkata rape-murder stir

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What is Harvard Business School (HBS) Case Method

Harvard Business School (HBS) Case Method, a renowned approach to business education, using business case studies in the field of marketing, sales, leadership, technology, finance, enterpreneurship, human resources, and more .

Core Principles:

• Real-World Dilemmas: HBS cases delve into genuine business challenges faced by companies, exposing students to the complexities and uncertainties of real-world decision-making.
• Active Participation: Students are not passive recipients of knowledge. The case method emphasizes active participation through case discussions, fostering critical thinking and analysis.
• Developing Judgment: There are often no single “correct” answers in case studies. The focus is on developing sound judgment by weighing evidence, considering various perspectives, and making well-supported recommendations.
• Diversity and Collaboration: Diverse backgrounds and experiences enrich case discussions. Students learn from each other as they analyze the case from different viewpoints.

Structure and Implementation:

• Pre-Class Preparation: Effective case study learning hinges on thorough preparation. Students are expected to read and analyze the case beforehand, identifying key issues, conducting research, and formulating potential solutions.
• Case Discussion: The case discussion in class is the heart of the method. The instructor facilitates a dynamic discussion, encouraging active participation from all students.
• Open-Ended Questions: Instead of spoon-feeding answers, instructors pose open-ended questions that stimulate critical thinking and analysis.
• Cold Calling: The HBS method is known for its “cold calling” technique, where professors randomly call on students to respond, promoting active engagement and preparation.
• Socratic Dialogue: Instructors often employ the Socratic method, asking probing questions to challenge assumptions, encourage deeper analysis, and draw out student reasoning.

Benefits of the HBS Case Method:

• Develops Critical Thinking Skills: Grappling with complex business problems and analyzing diverse perspectives strengthens critical thinking abilities.
• Enhances Communication Skills: Active participation and clear articulation of ideas within case discussions hone communication skills.
• Sharpens Analytical Abilities: Students learn to dissect complex situations, identify key drivers, and weigh evidence effectively.
• Promotes Decision-Making Confidence: The case method fosters the ability to make well-reasoned decisions under uncertainty.
• Builds Leadership Skills: Active participation in discussions and persuasively advocating for solutions develops leadership potential.
• Prepares Students for Real-World Business: The case method equips students with the knowledge and skills to navigate the complexities of real-world business environments.

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How to Write a Great Case Study Solution | HBR Case Study Assignment Help

A top-tier Harvard Business School (HBS) case study solution comprises a thorough analysis, strategic insights, and actionable recommendations. The solution is not just an academic exercise but a practical approach to solving real-world business problems. Here’s an illustration of what the best Harvard case study solutions comprise, along with a detailed checklist to ensure excellence.

Key Components of a Harvard Case Study Solution

Comprehensive Understanding of the Case

• Summary of the Case : Provide a concise summary that outlines the key issues, stakeholders, and objectives. This sets the stage for deeper analysis.
• Problem Identification : Clearly define the main problem or decision point that the case presents. This includes understanding the underlying causes and the broader business context.

Detailed Analysis

• Qualitative Analysis : Evaluate qualitative factors such as organizational culture, leadership styles, and market conditions. This helps in understanding the non-quantifiable aspects that impact the business scenario.
• Quantitative Analysis : Use data and financial metrics to analyze the business performance. This includes profit margins, cost structures, revenue streams, and other relevant financial indicators.
• SWOT Analysis : Conduct a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis to provide a structured view of the internal and external factors affecting the business.

Strategic Alternatives

• Generation of Alternatives : Develop multiple strategic alternatives to address the identified problem. Each alternative should be feasible and align with the company’s goals and resources.
• Evaluation of Alternatives : Assess each alternative based on criteria such as cost, feasibility, impact, and alignment with the company’s strategic objectives. Use quantitative data where possible to support the evaluation.

Recommended Solution

• Selection of the Best Alternative : Choose the most viable solution from the generated alternatives. Justify the choice with clear, logical reasoning and supporting evidence.
• Implementation Plan : Develop a detailed implementation plan that includes steps, timelines, resources required, and potential risks. This ensures the recommended solution is actionable and practical.
• Contingency Plan : Outline a contingency plan to address potential challenges or risks that may arise during the implementation phase.

Reflection and Learning

• Lessons Learned : Reflect on the case study process and the key lessons learned. This includes insights into decision-making, strategic thinking, and the application of business concepts.
• Future Implications : Discuss the broader implications of the case study for the industry and future business scenarios.

Checklist for a Great Harvard Case Study Solution

Comprehensive Understanding

• Clearly summarized the case
• Identified the main problem and stakeholders
• Understood the broader business context
• Conducted qualitative analysis (organizational culture, market conditions, etc.)
• Performed quantitative analysis (financial metrics, data analysis)
• Completed a SWOT analysis
• Generated multiple feasible alternatives
• Evaluated alternatives based on relevant criteria
• Supported evaluations with data and logical reasoning
• Selected the most viable alternative with a strong justification
• Developed a detailed and practical implementation plan
• Created a contingency plan to manage potential risks
• Reflected on the case study process
• Identified key lessons learned
• Discussed future implications for the industry and business practices

At Fern Fort University creating a top-tier Harvard case study solution involves a methodical approach to understanding the case, performing detailed analysis, generating and evaluating strategic alternatives, and providing actionable recommendations. By following this structured process, our case solution writing experts deliver solutions that are best in class.

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Fern Fort University is committed to delivering top-quality work that meets the highest academic and professional standards. Our case studies solutions are thoroughly researched, well-written, and meticulously reviewed to ensure accuracy and coherence. This commitment to quality guarantees that you receive a product that can withstand rigorous scrutiny and provide valuable insights.

By leveraging Fern Fort University’s expertise, you gain a competitive advantage. Our insightful analyses and strategic recommendations can help you identify new opportunities, mitigate risks, and make informed decisions that drive success. This can be particularly beneficial in a competitive business environment where having a well-crafted case study can set you apart from your peers.

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The case study writing process at Fern Fort University is meticulously designed to ensure clients receive comprehensive, high-quality solutions tailored to their specific needs. Below is a detailed breakdown of the process:

Step 1: Fill the Form and Upload Guidelines

The first step involves clients filling out a detailed form to provide necessary information about their case study solution needs. This form includes fields for essential details such as the topic, objectives, scope, and any specific guidelines or instructions that need to be followed. Uploading comprehensive guidelines is crucial as it sets the foundation for a well-aligned and accurate case study solution. This ensures that the case study writer fully understands the client’s requirements and expectations from the outset.

Step 2: Upload the Case Study PDF

Once the guidelines are uploaded, clients are required to upload the case study PDF. This document contains the case study that needs to be analyzed and solved. Providing the case study in its PDF format allows the writer to thoroughly review and understand the context, background, and specifics of the problem at hand. This step ensures that the writer has all the necessary materials to begin the in-depth analysis.

Step 3: Converse with the Case Study Solution Writer

After the initial submission of guidelines and the case study, the next step involves direct communication between the client and the case study solution writer. This conversation is pivotal as it allows for clarification of any ambiguities and discussion of project deliverables. The writer can ask questions to gain a deeper understanding of the client’s needs, while the client can provide additional insights or preferences. This step ensures that both parties are on the same page and that the writer can tailor the analysis and solution to meet the client’s exact expectations.

Step 4: Delivery of the Case Study Solution

Upon completion of the analysis and drafting of the case study solution, the writer delivers the final product to the client. The delivery includes a comprehensive report that outlines the problem, detailed analysis, proposed solutions, and actionable recommendations. The case study solution is presented in a clear, structured format that is easy to understand and implement. This step marks the culmination of the writer’s efforts and provides the client with a well-crafted solution that addresses all the guidelines and expectations .

Step 5: Improvements (If Required)

After the delivery of the case study solution, clients have the opportunity to review the document and request any necessary improvements. This step ensures that the final product meets the client’s satisfaction and adheres to all specified requirements. The writer makes the required adjustments based on the client’s feedback, fine-tuning the analysis and recommendations as needed. This iterative process guarantees that the case study solution is of the highest quality and fully aligned with the client’s expectations.

Importance of Each Step in the Process

Filling the form and uploading guidelines.

This initial step is critical as it sets the direction for the entire project. Clear and detailed guidelines ensure that the writer understands the scope, objectives, and specific requirements, reducing the risk of misalignment and ensuring a focused approach.

Uploading the Case Study PDF

Providing the case study in its original format ensures that the writer has all the necessary context and background information. This step is crucial for a thorough understanding of the problem and accurate analysis.

Communication with the Writer

Direct communication allows for clarification of any doubts and ensures that both the client and the writer have a mutual understanding of the project deliverables. This interaction is essential for tailoring the solution to meet the client’s specific needs.

Delivery of the Solution

Delivering a comprehensive and well-structured case study solution provides the client with actionable insights and recommendations. This step showcases the writer’s expertise and ensures that the client receives a valuable product that addresses the case study’s challenges effectively.

Requesting Improvements

The opportunity for revisions ensures that the final product meets the client’s expectations and adheres to all requirements. This step adds a layer of quality assurance, ensuring client satisfaction.

The case study writing service process at Fern Fort University is designed to deliver high-quality, tailored solutions through a structured and client-focused approach. Each step in the process is carefully crafted to ensure clarity, thorough analysis, and client satisfaction. By following this comprehensive process, Fern Fort University guarantees that clients receive insightful and actionable case study solutions that meet their specific needs and contribute to their academic or business success.

Professional Case Study Writers | Business Case Study Writing Service

Fern Fort University’s professional case study solution writers have the following attributes that can help you to boost your academic and professional growth --

1. Analytical Skills : Professional case study solution writers at Fern Fort University possess exceptional analytical skills. They can break down complex problems into manageable parts, identify key issues, and understand the underlying factors influencing the situation. This enables them to provide a deep and insightful analysis that addresses the core of the problem.

2. Research Proficiency : Our writers excel in conducting thorough and rigorous research. They are adept at gathering relevant data from credible sources, including academic journals, industry reports, and case-specific documents. Their research proficiency ensures that the case study solutions are well-informed and supported by solid evidence.

3. Critical Thinking : Critical thinking is a hallmark of Fern Fort University’s writers. They evaluate information from multiple perspectives, assess the validity of sources, and develop logical, well-reasoned conclusions. This skill allows them to craft nuanced solutions that consider various possible outcomes and implications.

4. Writing Clarity : Our writers are known for their clear and concise writing style. They present complex ideas in an understandable manner, ensuring that the case study solutions are accessible to a broad audience. This clarity helps communicate the findings and recommendations effectively.

5. Industry Knowledge : Writers at Fern Fort University have a deep understanding of the industries they write about. Whether it’s finance, healthcare, technology, or any other sector, they bring industry-specific insights that enrich the case study analysis and make the solutions relevant and practical.

6. Attention to Detail : Attention to detail is critical in case study writing, and our writers excel in this area. They meticulously ensure the accuracy of data, adherence to guidelines, and completeness of the analysis. This thoroughness prevents errors and enhances the credibility of the solutions.

7. Problem-Solving : Our writers are skilled problem-solvers. They go beyond identifying issues by proposing actionable and realistic solutions. Their recommendations are practical and tailored to the specific context of the case study, providing clients with clear steps to address the challenges.

8. Communication Skills : Effective communication is vital for conveying complex ideas and solutions. Writers at Fern Fort University are adept at communicating their findings and recommendations clearly and persuasively. They can articulate their points in a way that resonates with stakeholders.

9. Time Management : Delivering high-quality case study solutions within tight deadlines is a standard practice at Fern Fort University. Our writers are efficient and organized, managing their time effectively to meet deadlines without compromising on the quality of their work.

10. Adaptability : Our writers are highly adaptable, capable of tailoring their approach to meet the unique needs of different cases and clients. Whether it’s a change in scope, new information, or specific client preferences, they adjust their strategies to deliver customized and relevant solutions.

Fern Fort University’s professional case study solution writers deliver comprehensive, insightful, and actionable case study solutions that meet the highest academic and professional standards.

Where Can I Find a Case Solution for Harvard Business Cases or HBR Cases? | Pre-written Solutions

At Fern Fort University, you can find comprehensive case analysis solutions for Harvard Business School (HBS) or Harvard Business Review (HBR) cases. These solutions are different from custom case study solutions. They are provided to help clients to prime their research and analysis. These pre-written HBR case study solutions are designed to help you in several ways:

• Thorough Analysis : Each solution includes a detailed examination of the case, identifying key issues, challenges, and opportunities.
• Structured Approach : The solutions are organized in a clear, logical manner, making it easier for you to follow and understand the analysis process.
• Actionable Recommendations : Practical and realistic recommendations are provided, offering clear steps to address the case’s problems.
• Insightful Learning : By studying these solutions, you gain insights into effective problem-solving techniques and strategic thinking.

How Pre-Written Solutions Can Help You:

• Time-Saving : Access to pre-written solutions saves significant time that you would otherwise spend on researching and writing.
• Learning Tool : These solutions serve as excellent learning tools, helping you understand how to approach case analysis methodically.
• Enhanced Understanding : You gain a deeper understanding of various business scenarios and how to address them.
• Quality Reference : High-quality solutions can act as a benchmark for your own case study analyses, ensuring you maintain a high standard.
• Academic Success : Using these comprehensive and well-researched solutions can improve your academic performance by providing clear examples of successful case analyses.
• Professional Development : These solutions also help in professional settings by demonstrating how to tackle real-world business challenges effectively.

By leveraging the pre-written case study solutions from Fern Fort University, you can enhance your academic and professional capabilities, ensuring that you are well-prepared to address complex business problems.

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Watch CBS News

Details emerge after doctor raped and murdered in India as thousands protest

August 15, 2024 / 6:32 AM EDT / CBS/AFP

Thousands took to the streets of Kolkata early Thursday to condemn the rape and murder of a local doctor , demanding justice for the victim and an end to the chronic issue of violence against women in Indian society.

The discovery of the 31-year-old's brutalized body last week at a state-run hospital has sparked nationwide protests, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi demanding swift punishment for those who commit "monstrous" deeds against women.

Large crowds marched through the streets of Kolkata in West Bengal to condemn the killing, with a candlelight rally at midnight coinciding with the start of India's independence day celebrations on Thursday.

The protesters in Kolkata, who marched under the slogan "reclaim the night", called for a wider tackling of violence against women and held up handwritten signs demanding action.

"We want justice," read one sign at the rally. "Hang the rapist, save the women," read another.

"The atrocities against women do not stop," midnight marcher Monalisa Guha told Kolkata's The Telegraph newspaper.

"We face harassment almost on a daily basis," another marcher, Sangeeta Halder, told the daily. "But not stepping out because of fear is not the solution."

"Monstrous behavior against women"

Modi, speaking in New Delhi on Thursday morning at independence day celebrations, did not specifically reference the Kolkata murder, but expressed his "pain" at violence against women.

"There is anger for atrocities committed against our mothers and sisters, there is anger in the nation about that," he said.

"Crimes against women should be quickly investigated; monstrous behavior against women should be severely and quickly punished," he added. "That is essential for creating deterrence and confidence in the society."

Doctors are also demanding swift justice and better workplace security in the wake of the killing, with those in government hospitals across several states on Monday halting elective services "indefinitely" in protest.

Protests have since occurred in several other hospitals across the country, including in the capital.

"Doctors nationwide are questioning what is so difficult about enacting a law for our security," Dhruv Chauhan, from the Indian Medical Association's Junior Doctors' Network, told the Press Trust of India news agency. "The strike will continue until all demands are formally met."

The Telegraph on Thursday praised the "spirited public protests" across India.

"Hearteningly, doctors and medical organizations are not the only ones involved," it said in an editorial. "The ranks of the protesters have been swelled by people from all walks of life."

Police accused of mishandling case

Indian media have reported the murdered doctor was found in the teaching hospital's seminar hall, suggesting she had gone there for a brief rest during a long shift.

An autopsy has confirmed sexual assault, and in a petition to the court, the victim's parents have said that they suspected their daughter was gang-raped, according to Indian broadcaster NDTV.  

Though police have detained a man who worked at the hospital helping people navigate busy queues, officers have been accused of mishandling the case.

Kolkata's High Court on Tuesday transferred the case to the elite Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to "inspire public confidence."

In the early hours of Thursday, a mob of some 40 people angry at authorities' handling of the case stormed the grounds of the R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, the site of the murder.

The men smashed property and hurled stones at police, who fired tear gas in response, authorities said.

West Bengal lawmaker Abhishek Banerjee, from the Trinamool Congress party, condemned the "hooliganism and vandalism," but said "the demands of the protesting doctors are fair and justified."

History of sexual violence in India

Sexual violence against women is a widespread problem in India. An average of nearly 90 rapes a day were reported in India in 2022, according to  data  from the National Crime Records Bureau.

That year, police  arrested 11 people  after the alleged brutal gang rape and torture of a young woman that included her being paraded through the streets of Dehli. Also in 2022, a police officer in India was arrested after being  accused of raping  a 13-year-old girl who went to his station to report she had been gang-raped.

In March 2024, multiple Indian men were arrested after the  gang rape of a Spanish tourist  on a motorbike trip with her husband.

For many, the gruesome nature of the attack has invoked comparisons with the horrific 2012 gang rape and murder  of a young woman on a Delhi bus.

The woman became a symbol of the socially conservative country's failure to tackle sexual violence against women.

Her death sparked huge, and at times violent, demonstrations in Delhi and elsewhere.

Under pressure, the government introduced harsher penalties for rapists, and the death penalty for repeat offenders.

Several new sexual offences were also introduced, including stalking and jail sentences for officials who failed to register rape complaints.

• Sexual Violence

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