business organization essay introduction

How to Write an Essay Introduction (with Examples)   

The introduction of an essay plays a critical role in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. It sets the stage for the rest of the essay, establishes the tone and style, and motivates the reader to continue reading. 

Table of Contents

What is an essay introduction , what to include in an essay introduction, how to create an essay structure , step-by-step process for writing an essay introduction , how to write an introduction paragraph , how to write a hook for your essay , how to include background information , how to write a thesis statement .

• Argumentative Essay Introduction Example: 
• Expository Essay Introduction Example 

Literary Analysis Essay Introduction Example

Check and revise – checklist for essay introduction , key takeaways , frequently asked questions .

An introduction is the opening section of an essay, paper, or other written work. It introduces the topic and provides background information, context, and an overview of what the reader can expect from the rest of the work. 1 The key is to be concise and to the point, providing enough information to engage the reader without delving into excessive detail. 

The essay introduction is crucial as it sets the tone for the entire piece and provides the reader with a roadmap of what to expect. Here are key elements to include in your essay introduction: 

• Hook : Start with an attention-grabbing statement or question to engage the reader. This could be a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or a compelling anecdote. 
• Background information : Provide context and background information to help the reader understand the topic. This can include historical information, definitions of key terms, or an overview of the current state of affairs related to your topic. 
• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position on the topic. Your thesis should be concise and specific, providing a clear direction for your essay. 

Before we get into how to write an essay introduction, we need to know how it is structured. The structure of an essay is crucial for organizing your thoughts and presenting them clearly and logically. It is divided as follows: 2  

• Introduction:  The introduction should grab the reader’s attention with a hook, provide context, and include a thesis statement that presents the main argument or purpose of the essay.  
• Body:  The body should consist of focused paragraphs that support your thesis statement using evidence and analysis. Each paragraph should concentrate on a single central idea or argument and provide evidence, examples, or analysis to back it up.  
• Conclusion:  The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis differently. End with a final statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Avoid new information or arguments. 

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an essay introduction: 

• Start with a Hook : Begin your introduction paragraph with an attention-grabbing statement, question, quote, or anecdote related to your topic. The hook should pique the reader’s interest and encourage them to continue reading. 
• Provide Background Information : This helps the reader understand the relevance and importance of the topic. 
• State Your Thesis Statement : The last sentence is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be clear, concise, and directly address the topic of your essay. 
• Preview the Main Points : This gives the reader an idea of what to expect and how you will support your thesis. 
• Keep it Concise and Clear : Avoid going into too much detail or including information not directly relevant to your topic. 
• Revise : Revise your introduction after you’ve written the rest of your essay to ensure it aligns with your final argument. 

Here’s an example of an essay introduction paragraph about the importance of education: 

Education is often viewed as a fundamental human right and a key social and economic development driver. As Nelson Mandela once famously said, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” It is the key to unlocking a wide range of opportunities and benefits for individuals, societies, and nations. In today’s constantly evolving world, education has become even more critical. It has expanded beyond traditional classroom learning to include digital and remote learning, making education more accessible and convenient. This essay will delve into the importance of education in empowering individuals to achieve their dreams, improving societies by promoting social justice and equality, and driving economic growth by developing a skilled workforce and promoting innovation. 

This introduction paragraph example includes a hook (the quote by Nelson Mandela), provides some background information on education, and states the thesis statement (the importance of education). 

This is one of the key steps in how to write an essay introduction. Crafting a compelling hook is vital because it sets the tone for your entire essay and determines whether your readers will stay interested. A good hook draws the reader in and sets the stage for the rest of your essay.  

• Avoid Dry Fact : Instead of simply stating a bland fact, try to make it engaging and relevant to your topic. For example, if you’re writing about the benefits of exercise, you could start with a startling statistic like, “Did you know that regular exercise can increase your lifespan by up to seven years?” 
• Avoid Using a Dictionary Definition : While definitions can be informative, they’re not always the most captivating way to start an essay. Instead, try to use a quote, anecdote, or provocative question to pique the reader’s interest. For instance, if you’re writing about freedom, you could begin with a quote from a famous freedom fighter or philosopher. 
• Do Not Just State a Fact That the Reader Already Knows : This ties back to the first point—your hook should surprise or intrigue the reader. For Here’s an introduction paragraph example, if you’re writing about climate change, you could start with a thought-provoking statement like, “Despite overwhelming evidence, many people still refuse to believe in the reality of climate change.” 

Including background information in the introduction section of your essay is important to provide context and establish the relevance of your topic. When writing the background information, you can follow these steps: 

• Start with a General Statement:  Begin with a general statement about the topic and gradually narrow it down to your specific focus. For example, when discussing the impact of social media, you can begin by making a broad statement about social media and its widespread use in today’s society, as follows: “Social media has become an integral part of modern life, with billions of users worldwide.” 
• Define Key Terms : Define any key terms or concepts that may be unfamiliar to your readers but are essential for understanding your argument. 
• Provide Relevant Statistics:  Use statistics or facts to highlight the significance of the issue you’re discussing. For instance, “According to a report by Statista, the number of social media users is expected to reach 4.41 billion by 2025.” 
• Discuss the Evolution:  Mention previous research or studies that have been conducted on the topic, especially those that are relevant to your argument. Mention key milestones or developments that have shaped its current impact. You can also outline some of the major effects of social media. For example, you can briefly describe how social media has evolved, including positives such as increased connectivity and issues like cyberbullying and privacy concerns. 
• Transition to Your Thesis:  Use the background information to lead into your thesis statement, which should clearly state the main argument or purpose of your essay. For example, “Given its pervasive influence, it is crucial to examine the impact of social media on mental health.” 

A thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, or other type of academic writing. It appears near the end of the introduction. Here’s how to write a thesis statement: 

• Identify the topic:  Start by identifying the topic of your essay. For example, if your essay is about the importance of exercise for overall health, your topic is “exercise.” 
• State your position:  Next, state your position or claim about the topic. This is the main argument or point you want to make. For example, if you believe that regular exercise is crucial for maintaining good health, your position could be: “Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health.” 
• Support your position:  Provide a brief overview of the reasons or evidence that support your position. These will be the main points of your essay. For example, if you’re writing an essay about the importance of exercise, you could mention the physical health benefits, mental health benefits, and the role of exercise in disease prevention. 
• Make it specific:  Ensure your thesis statement clearly states what you will discuss in your essay. For example, instead of saying, “Exercise is good for you,” you could say, “Regular exercise, including cardiovascular and strength training, can improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.” 

Examples of essay introduction 

Here are examples of essay introductions for different types of essays: 

Argumentative Essay Introduction Example:  

Topic: Should the voting age be lowered to 16? 

“The question of whether the voting age should be lowered to 16 has sparked nationwide debate. While some argue that 16-year-olds lack the requisite maturity and knowledge to make informed decisions, others argue that doing so would imbue young people with agency and give them a voice in shaping their future.” 

Expository Essay Introduction Example  

Topic: The benefits of regular exercise 

“In today’s fast-paced world, the importance of regular exercise cannot be overstated. From improving physical health to boosting mental well-being, the benefits of exercise are numerous and far-reaching. This essay will examine the various advantages of regular exercise and provide tips on incorporating it into your daily routine.” 

Text: “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee 

“Harper Lee’s novel, ‘To Kill a Mockingbird,’ is a timeless classic that explores themes of racism, injustice, and morality in the American South. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, the reader is taken on a journey that challenges societal norms and forces characters to confront their prejudices. This essay will analyze the novel’s use of symbolism, character development, and narrative structure to uncover its deeper meaning and relevance to contemporary society.” 

• Engaging and Relevant First Sentence : The opening sentence captures the reader’s attention and relates directly to the topic. 
• Background Information : Enough background information is introduced to provide context for the thesis statement. 
• Definition of Important Terms : Key terms or concepts that might be unfamiliar to the audience or are central to the argument are defined. 
• Clear Thesis Statement : The thesis statement presents the main point or argument of the essay. 
• Relevance to Main Body : Everything in the introduction directly relates to and sets up the discussion in the main body of the essay. 

Writing a strong introduction is crucial for setting the tone and context of your essay. Here are the key takeaways for how to write essay introduction: 3  

• Hook the Reader : Start with an engaging hook to grab the reader’s attention. This could be a compelling question, a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or an anecdote. 
• Provide Background : Give a brief overview of the topic, setting the context and stage for the discussion. 
• Thesis Statement : State your thesis, which is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be concise, clear, and specific. 
• Preview the Structure : Outline the main points or arguments to help the reader understand the organization of your essay. 
• Keep it Concise : Avoid including unnecessary details or information not directly related to your thesis. 
• Revise and Edit : Revise your introduction to ensure clarity, coherence, and relevance. Check for grammar and spelling errors. 
• Seek Feedback : Get feedback from peers or instructors to improve your introduction further. 

The purpose of an essay introduction is to give an overview of the topic, context, and main ideas of the essay. It is meant to engage the reader, establish the tone for the rest of the essay, and introduce the thesis statement or central argument.  

An essay introduction typically ranges from 5-10% of the total word count. For example, in a 1,000-word essay, the introduction would be roughly 50-100 words. However, the length can vary depending on the complexity of the topic and the overall length of the essay.

An essay introduction is critical in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. To ensure its effectiveness, consider incorporating these key elements: a compelling hook, background information, a clear thesis statement, an outline of the essay’s scope, a smooth transition to the body, and optional signposting sentences.  

The process of writing an essay introduction is not necessarily straightforward, but there are several strategies that can be employed to achieve this end. When experiencing difficulty initiating the process, consider the following techniques: begin with an anecdote, a quotation, an image, a question, or a startling fact to pique the reader’s interest. It may also be helpful to consider the five W’s of journalism: who, what, when, where, why, and how.   For instance, an anecdotal opening could be structured as follows: “As I ascended the stage, momentarily blinded by the intense lights, I could sense the weight of a hundred eyes upon me, anticipating my next move. The topic of discussion was climate change, a subject I was passionate about, and it was my first public speaking event. Little did I know , that pivotal moment would not only alter my perspective but also chart my life’s course.” 

Crafting a compelling thesis statement for your introduction paragraph is crucial to grab your reader’s attention. To achieve this, avoid using overused phrases such as “In this paper, I will write about” or “I will focus on” as they lack originality. Instead, strive to engage your reader by substantiating your stance or proposition with a “so what” clause. While writing your thesis statement, aim to be precise, succinct, and clear in conveying your main argument.  

To create an effective essay introduction, ensure it is clear, engaging, relevant, and contains a concise thesis statement. It should transition smoothly into the essay and be long enough to cover necessary points but not become overwhelming. Seek feedback from peers or instructors to assess its effectiveness. 

References  

• Cui, L. (2022). Unit 6 Essay Introduction.  Building Academic Writing Skills . 
• West, H., Malcolm, G., Keywood, S., & Hill, J. (2019). Writing a successful essay.  Journal of Geography in Higher Education ,  43 (4), 609-617. 
• Beavers, M. E., Thoune, D. L., & McBeth, M. (2023). Bibliographic Essay: Reading, Researching, Teaching, and Writing with Hooks: A Queer Literacy Sponsorship. College English, 85(3), 230-242. 

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Business Organization and Its Forms: An In-Depth Analysis

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Introduction

Sole proprietorship: the simplest form.

General Partnership: Shared Responsibilities and Risks

Limited partnership: balancing risk and investment, c-corporation: separate legal entity, s-corporation: pass-through taxation with limitations, limited liability company (llc): combining features.

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How to Write a Business Essay for Impactful Communication and Analysis

So, you've got a business essay coming up, and you're feeling a mix of excitement and a tad bit overwhelmed, right? Totally get it. Writing a business essay might sound boring, but trust me, it's a skill that's gonna come in handy when you're out there in the real world.

In this article, we're dishing out some awesome tips just for you if you have question on how to start a business essay. Think of it as your secret weapon to tackle those business essays like a pro. We'll keep it real, easy, and super practical – no fancy jargon or complicated theories. Let's dive into the world of business essay writing, where your words can make a big impact. In case you lack time or motivation to finish your assignment, use our business essay writing service to streamline the process.

What Is a Business Essay

Business essays are written pieces that explore and analyze various aspects of business-related topics, often focusing on management, marketing, finance, or entrepreneurship. They provide a platform for students and professionals to articulate their understanding of business concepts, theories, and real-world applications. Typically written in a formal and structured manner, a business essay requires critical thinking, research skills, and the ability to communicate ideas effectively. Whether delving into case studies, discussing industry trends, or evaluating business strategies, the essay aims to provide insights, draw conclusions, and contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic world of business.

How to Write an Introduction for a Business Essay

A business essay introduction sets the tone for the entire paper and captures the reader's attention. Here are some steps and tips to help you write an effective introduction for a business essay:

• Understand the Purpose of the Introduction

Clearly understand the purpose of your essay. Are you providing an overview of a business concept, analyzing a case study, or arguing a specific point? Tailor your introduction accordingly.

• Start with a Hook

Grab the reader's attention with a compelling hook. This could be a relevant quote, a surprising fact, a rhetorical question, or a thought-provoking statement. The goal is to make the reader want to continue reading.

• Provide Context

After the hook, provide some background or context related to the topic of your essay. Help the reader understand the significance and relevance of the subject matter in the business world.

• Thesis Statement

Clearly state your thesis or the main argument of your essay. This should be a concise and focused statement that outlines what the reader can expect from the rest of the essay. Make sure it is specific and reflects the purpose of your writing.

• Outline the Scope

Briefly outline the main points or areas that your essay will cover. This gives the reader a roadmap of what to expect and helps them understand the structure of your essay.

• Use Clear and Concise Language

Keep your introduction clear and concise. Avoid unnecessary jargon or complex language that might confuse the reader. Aim for clarity and precision.

• Be Relevant

Ensure that every sentence in your introduction is directly related to the topic of your essay. Avoid going off on tangents or providing excessive information that doesn't contribute to the main points.

• Consider the Tone

Choose a tone that is appropriate for your audience and the nature of your essay. Business essays can vary in tone, from formal and academic to more conversational, depending on the context.

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Business Essay Introduction Example

Here’s an example of an introduction for an essay titled “The Rise of E-commerce: Shaping the Future of Retail”:

The retail landscape is undergoing a seismic shift as e-commerce continues to redefine the way consumers shop. In this essay, we explore the profound implications of this digital transformation on traditional retail models and analyze the key strategies businesses are employing to thrive in this dynamic environment. From changing consumer behaviors to the strategic use of technology, the impact of e-commerce on the retail sector is undeniable, prompting businesses to adapt or face the risk of obsolescence.

How to Write a Business Essay

Working on a business essay might seem daunting, but it doesn't have to be. In this guide, we'll break down the process into simple steps to help you navigate through it smoothly. In this next section. We’ll be breaking down the essentials of drawing up a business essay from start to finish. From defining your main argument to structuring your points effectively, let's explore the key strategies that will set you on the path to success. 

Analyze the Prompt

Start by carefully reading and understanding the essay prompt. This involves breaking down the question to grasp what it's asking for, identifying the main topics, and recognizing any specific tasks or points to cover. This step helps you set the stage for a focused and relevant essay by ensuring you address all aspects mentioned in the prompt. You can hire a business essay writer to expedite the process if you want.

Think of a Thesis Statement

When writing a business essay, think of the thesis statement as the essay's compass. It should be a concise, strong sentence that lays out your main argument or viewpoint on the topic. Your thesis guides the entire essay, so make sure it's specific, debatable, and gives readers a clear idea of what to expect in your writing.

Create an Outline

We’ve already shared tips on how to write an introduction for a business essay, so let’s move on to the next stages. Organize your thoughts by outlining the main points and structure of your essay. This doesn't have to be too detailed; just a roadmap that helps you see how different ideas connect. An outline ensures a logical flow in your writing and prevents you from going off track. By the way, have you already picked business essay topics ? If not, here’s a list of great ideas you can use!

Provide Topic Background

Before diving into your main points, the business essay writing format implies giving your reader some context about the topic. Briefly introduce the key concepts, relevant facts, or historical background that will help readers understand the importance and relevance of your essay.

Write the Main Body

Start developing your essay by expanding on the main points outlined in your thesis. Each paragraph should focus on a specific idea or argument supported by evidence or examples. Be clear and concise, ensuring a smooth transition between paragraphs. It’s the most difficult part of the assignment, meaning you can use our college essay service to simplify it.

Write a Conclusion

Summarize your key points and conclusively restate your thesis. The conclusion should tie up the loose ends and leave a lasting impression on the reader. Avoid introducing new information but rather reinforce your main argument. For more details about how to write a conclusion for an essay , please refer to our guide.

Add a Bibliography

List all the sources you used in your research. Be meticulous about citing your references properly, following the chosen format (APA, MLA, etc.). This adds credibility to your essay and avoids plagiarism issues.

Edit and Proofread

As you’ve learned how to write a business essay, it’s time to master the art of self-revising. Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and grammatical errors. Editing ensures that your ideas flow smoothly, and proofreading catches any overlooked mistakes. It's a crucial step to polish your essay and present a professional piece of writing. Do you have another assignment on business management ? This guide will help you!

Choose the Writing Format

Reiterate the importance of selecting and adhering to the chosen writing format throughout the essay. Consistency in formatting, citations, and other style elements contributes to the overall professionalism of your work.

Business Essay Example

Business essay examples offer practical assistance to students tackling assignments by showcasing the application of essential writing principles in a real-world context. As a tangible reference, it demonstrates an effective essay structure and how to formulate a clear thesis statement and provide coherent arguments. By examining examples, students can glean insights into research techniques, proper citation practices, and overall essay organization, empowering them to approach their business assignments with increased confidence and proficiency.

Example 1: “The Impact of Technological Advancements on Modern Business Operations”

This essay explores the multifaceted impact of technology on operational efficiency, innovation, customer relations, and global connectivity. From integrating automation and artificial intelligence for streamlined processes to facilitating global expansion through digital platforms, technology emerges as a driving force shaping the success and sustainability of contemporary enterprises. While acknowledging the numerous benefits, the essay also highlights the challenges and ethical considerations inherent in adopting these technologies, emphasizing the need for businesses to navigate these complexities responsibly for long-term growth and competitiveness.

Example 2: “Sustainable Business Practices: A Strategic Imperative for Corporate Success”

This essay explores the pivotal role of sustainable business practices as a strategic imperative for corporate success in the contemporary entrepreneurship scene. Addressing environmental concerns, social consciousness, and economic viability, the essay delves into the multifaceted benefits of adopting sustainable approaches. It discusses how businesses can align profitability with responsible practices, emphasizing environmental stewardship, social impact, and community engagement. The essay underscores the importance of regulatory compliance and risk mitigation in business by examining the economic advantages and innovation opportunities arising from sustainable initiatives.

Final Considerations

Students engage in writing business essays to develop essential skills and knowledge crucial for success in the professional world. These essays serve as a platform for honing critical thinking, analytical, and communication skills, allowing students to articulate and analyze complex business concepts. Through the process of researching, organizing thoughts, and constructing coherent arguments, students gain a deeper understanding of business principles and practices. Business essays also cultivate the ability to synthesize information, evaluate various perspectives, and present well-reasoned conclusions. If you find with task troublesome, you can always tell us, ‘ write my research paper ,’ and one of our wordsmiths will fulfill the assignment quickly.

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How Many Paragraphs Does a Business Essay Have?

What is the most important part of a business essay, how do you start off a business essay.

Annie Lambert

specializes in creating authoritative content on marketing, business, and finance, with a versatile ability to handle any essay type and dissertations. With a Master’s degree in Business Administration and a passion for social issues, her writing not only educates but also inspires action. On EssayPro blog, Annie delivers detailed guides and thought-provoking discussions on pressing economic and social topics. When not writing, she’s a guest speaker at various business seminars.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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Business Organization, Essay Example

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When creating a business there are many factors that need to be sorted. One of the most important factors in creating a business is determining the business organization. The type of business organization determines the structure or foundation which best fits the new company. Each group or individual has different objectives and may feel a certain type of business structure suits their business best. The first factor in deciding the business form and structure is the knowing what the size of the company will be. This factor ties into the individual needs of the owner, if they are looking for a partner, a group, or they want to work it alone. This is extremely important when figuring out legal liability. The essential reasoning in incorporating the business is to protect the personal assets. Financing and liabilities go hand in hand, and when they are smaller they might require a small business loan, or investment. Knowing the type of business structure can protect the owners from liability and risks. Taxes is also essential as the implications are needed when filing as a corporation, sole proprietorship, or partnership.

Business structure is also important is the type of expenses that need to pay when starting your business, and fees they pay each year. When determining the business structure there are four main business structures that include partnerships that protects the partner when either drafting a partner agreement that reports income and losses for each tax return so that it won’t be doubled. Partnerships doesn’t require a lot of paperwork from the state or federal government. Corporations are another business structure that corporations that are more costly than any other form of business structure. It is also difficult to maintain, taxed on income and required to file tax returns. Not only are difficult to navigate to the untrained owner, federal agencies carry stiff regulations and requirements that corporations must meet in order to operate unlike partnerships that operate like a sole proprietorship which is easy.

Stock Ratios

One of the most important stock ratio that assess the performance of the ratio is by the payout ratio. The payout ratio is considered one of the most influential ratio for companies to value their stock and cost of capital. These ratios are generally referred to as rates on return. The stock ratios measures the profitability of stock by their return on assets and their return on equity. Each ratio takes into account the total average assets and the stockholder’s equity. Equity and assets are the two common measures used to determine book value. Return on investment is a commons stock ratio used when calculating the money a company has gained or lost on an investment or stock.

Risks are very important to potential investors. They have to look at stock and maeausre if in the long run or the short run the stock will be successful or fell. Investors used several mechanism such as stock ratios in order to help value the risks if a stock price is too high. The stock market ratio commonly used is the price/earnings stock ratio that compares the current prices of the stock to its per-share earnings. The ratio calculates dividing the two factor then gauges thee value of the stock. The price earnings ratio generally reflects the expectations of the stock future prospects. When the stock has a high price to earnings ratio compared to other similar stocks, the investors can view the stock as being overvalued, unless the stock is viewed as worth the money in the future, and more importantly what the stock could be worth.

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Business Essay Introduction – Everything You Need To Know

Want to know business essay introduction then you are at the right place. Here we will discuss everything you need to know about business essay introduction. On the other hand, a business essay is a type of writing that presents an argument or analysis related to a specific business topic. It is a critical component of any business curriculum as it helps students develop their analytical and writing skills, which are essential in the business world. A business essay can be written on various topics, including marketing, finance, management, and entrepreneurship, among others.

In this blog, we will discuss the essential elements of a business essay introduction. The introduction is the first part of the essay that the reader encounters. Therefore, it should be engaging, informative, and persuasive. The introduction sets the tone for the rest of the essay and should capture the reader’s attention.

What is a Business Essay and Why is it Important?

Table of Contents

A business essay is an academic or professional piece of writing that discusses a specific aspect of the business world. It may focus on topics such as marketing, finance, management, entrepreneurship, or any other area related to the field of business. Business essays may be assigned as coursework in a business degree program or may be written by professionals for publication in industry-specific journals.

Business essays are important for several reasons. Firstly, they provide a platform for the discussion of critical issues facing the business world. By analyzing and discussing these issues, business essays can help individuals and organizations to develop better strategies and approaches to solving problems.

Secondly, business essays are a valuable tool for education and professional development. They help students and professionals to develop their understanding of complex business concepts and to improve their analytical and writing skills. Through the process of researching and writing a business essay, individuals can develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter and gain new insights into the challenges facing the business world.

Thirdly, business essays are important for thought leadership and innovation. By publishing thought-provoking and insightful essays, business professionals can contribute to the advancement of their field and help to shape the direction of future research and development.

Finally, business essays are important for sharing knowledge and best practices across the business community. By sharing their insights and experiences, business professionals can help others to learn from their successes and failures, and to apply these lessons to their own organizations.

Role of Business Essay Introduction

The introduction is a critical component of any business essay, setting the tone for the rest of the paper and providing the reader with a clear understanding of the purpose and scope of the essay. A good introduction should grab the reader’s attention, provide background information, state the thesis, outline the essay, persuade the reader, explain the importance of the topic, and provide information on the scope of the essay.

In the world of business, effective communication is essential for success. Whether you are communicating with customers, employees, or other stakeholders, the ability to convey your message clearly and concisely is critical. Business essays provide a platform for individuals and organizations to explore and discuss critical issues facing the business world, helping to develop better strategies and approaches to solving problems.

In this essay, we will examine the role of effective communication in the business world and explore the various strategies and tools that individuals and organizations can use to improve their communication skills. We will also discuss the importance of communication in different areas of business, including marketing, management, and entrepreneurship.

Through this analysis, we will demonstrate how effective communication can drive success in the business world, helping organizations to achieve their objectives and compete in a rapidly changing global marketplace. By focusing on the importance of communication in the business context, this essay aims to provide valuable insights and practical strategies for individuals and organizations seeking to improve their communication skills and succeed in the dynamic world of business.

The Importance Of A Business Essay Introduction

The introduction is a crucial part of any essay as it provides the reader with an overview of what to expect in the rest of the paper. A good introduction should:

1. Grab the reader’s attention

The introduction should be engaging and capture the reader’s attention. It should be interesting enough to make the reader want to continue reading the essay.

2. Provide background information

The introduction should provide some background information on the topic. This information helps the reader understand the context of the essay.

3. State the thesis

The introduction should state the thesis or the main argument of the essay. This statement helps the reader understand the purpose of the essay.

4. Outline the structure

The introduction should outline the structure of the essay. This information helps the reader understand the flow of the essay.

5. Persuade the reader

The introduction should be persuasive. It should convince the reader that the essay is worth reading.

Elements Of A Business Essay Introduction

The introduction of a business essay should include the following elements:

1. Attention-grabbing opening sentence

The introduction should start with an attention-grabbing sentence that captures the reader’s attention. This sentence could be a quote, a statistic, or an anecdote related to the topic.

2. Background information

The introduction should provide some background information on the topic. This information could include the history of the topic, current trends, or relevant facts and figures.

3. Thesis statement

The introduction should state the thesis or the main argument of the essay. The thesis statement should be clear and concise.

4. Outline of the essay

The introduction should provide an outline of the essay. This outline could include the main points that will be discussed in the essay.

5. Importance of the topic

The introduction should explain why the topic is important. This explanation could include the relevance of the topic to the business world, the impact of the topic on society, or the significance of the topic to the reader.

6. Scope of the essay

The introduction should also provide information on the scope of the essay. This information could include the specific aspects of the topic that will be discussed in the essay.

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Examples Of Business Essay Introductions

Example 1: marketing.

Marketing is a critical component of any business strategy. It is the process of identifying and satisfying customer needs through the creation and delivery of value. In today’s competitive business environment, companies that fail to market their products effectively risk losing market share to their competitors. This essay will discuss the importance of marketing in business and the various strategies that companies can use to market their products.

Example 2: Finance

Finance is the backbone of any business. It is the process of managing money and investments to ensure the financial stability and growth of a company. In today’s complex business environment, companies need to have a solid financial strategy to remain competitive. This essay will discuss the role of finance in business and the various financial strategies that companies can use to achieve their financial objectives.

Example 3: Management

Management is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals. Effective management is critical to the success of any business, as it ensures that the company’s resources are used efficiently and effectively. This essay will discuss the importance of management in business and the various management strategies that companies can use to achieve their objectives. We will also explore the different management styles and their impact on organizational performance.

Example 4: Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the process of creating, developing, and managing a new business venture. It involves identifying a business opportunity, developing a business plan, and securing the necessary resources to start and grow the business. This essay will discuss the importance of entrepreneurship in the modern business world and the different entrepreneurial strategies that individuals can use to start and grow their businesses. We will also explore the challenges and opportunities that entrepreneurs face in today’s dynamic business environment.

Benefits of Writing a Good Business Introduction

Writing a good business essay introduction has several benefits, including:

1. Capturing the reader’s attention

A well-written introduction grabs the reader’s attention and encourages them to read further. This is especially important in a business context where attention to detail is critical.

2. Communicating the purpose of the essay

The introduction states the main argument or thesis of the essay, giving the reader a clear understanding of what to expect in the rest of the paper.

3. Setting the tone

The introduction sets the tone for the essay, providing a framework for the rest of the writing. This helps the reader to understand the author’s perspective and approach to the topic.

4. Outlining the structure of the essay

The introduction outlines the structure of the essay, providing the reader with a roadmap of the points that will be covered in the paper. This helps the reader to understand the flow of the essay and to follow the argument logically.

5. Providing context

The introduction provides context for the topic, explaining why it is important and relevant to the business world. This helps the reader to understand the significance of the topic and to engage with the content.

6. Persuading the reader

A well-written introduction is persuasive, encouraging the reader to take the author’s perspective seriously and to engage with the content. This is important in a business context, where the ability to persuade others is a key skill.

7. Demonstrating writing skills

Writing a good business essay introduction demonstrates the author’s writing skills, including their ability to organize ideas, use appropriate language, and communicate effectively. This is important in a business context, where clear and concise communication is critical.

In conclusion, the introduction is a critical component of any business essay. It sets the tone for the rest of the essay and should be engaging, informative, and persuasive. A good introduction should grab the reader’s attention, provide background information, state the thesis, outline the essay, persuade the reader, explain the importance of the topic, and provide information on the scope of the essay. By following these guidelines, writers can create effective business essay introductions that will engage their readers and provide them with valuable insights into the topic being discussed.

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1.1 The Nature of Business

• How do businesses and not-for-profit organizations help create our standard of living?

Take a moment to think about the many different types of businesses you come into contact with on a typical day. As you drive to class, you may stop at a gas station that is part of a major national oil company and grab lunch from a fast food chain such as Taco Bell or McDonald’s or the neighborhood pizza place. Need more cash? You can do your banking on a smartphone or other device via mobile apps. You don’t even have to visit the store anymore: online shopping brings the stores to you, offering everything from clothes to food, furniture, and concert tickets.

A business is an organization that strives for a profit by providing goods and services desired by its customers. Businesses meet the needs of consumers by providing medical care, autos, and countless other goods and services. Goods are tangible items manufactured by businesses, such as laptops. Services are intangible offerings of businesses that can’t be held, touched, or stored. Physicians, lawyers, hairstylists, car washes, and airlines all provide services. Businesses also serve other organizations, such as hospitals, retailers, and governments, by providing machinery, goods for resale, computers, and thousands of other items.

Thus, businesses create the goods and services that are the basis of our standard of living. The standard of living of any country is measured by the output of goods and services people can buy with the money they have. The United States has one of the highest standards of living in the world. Although several countries, such as Switzerland and Germany, have higher average wages than the United States, their standards of living aren’t higher, because prices are so much higher. As a result, the same amount of money buys less in those countries. For example, in the United States, we can buy an Extra Value Meal at McDonald’s for less than $5, while in another country, a similar meal might cost as much as $10.

Businesses play a key role in determining our quality of life by providing jobs and goods and services to society. Quality of life refers to the general level of human happiness based on such things as life expectancy, educational standards, health, sanitation, and leisure time. Building a high quality of life is a combined effort of businesses, government, and not-for-profit organizations. In 2017, Vienna, Austria, ranked highest in quality of life, followed by Zurich, Switzerland; Auckland, New Zealand; and Munich, Germany. It may come as a surprise that not one of the world’s top cities is in the United States: seven of the top 10 locations are in western Europe, two are in Australia/New Zealand, and one is in Canada. At the other end of the scale, Baghdad, Iraq, is the city scoring the lowest on the annual survey. 1 Creating a quality of life is not without risks, however. Risk is the potential to lose time and money or otherwise not be able to accomplish an organization’s goals. Without enough blood donors, for example, the American Red Cross faces the risk of not meeting the demand for blood by victims of disaster. Businesses such as Microsoft face the risk of falling short of their revenue and profit goals. Revenue is the money a company receives by providing services or selling goods to customers. Costs are expenses for rent, salaries, supplies, transportation, and many other items that a company incurs from creating and selling goods and services. For example, some of the costs incurred by Microsoft in developing its software include expenses for salaries, facilities, and advertising. If Microsoft has money left over after it pays all costs, it has a profit . A company whose costs are greater than revenues shows a loss.

When a company such as Microsoft uses its resources intelligently, it can often increase sales, hold costs down, and earn a profit. Not all companies earn profits, but that is the risk of being in business. In U.S. business today, there is generally a direct relationship between risks and profit: the greater the risks, the greater the potential for profit (or loss). Companies that take too conservative a stance may lose out to more nimble competitors who react quickly to the changing business environment.

Take Sony , for example. The Japanese electronics giant, once a leader with its Walkman music player and Trinitron televisions, steadily lost ground—and profits—over the past two decades to other companies by not embracing new technologies such as the digital music format and flat-panel TV screens. Sony misjudged what the market wanted and stayed with proprietary technologies rather than create cross-platform options for consumers. Apple , at the time an upstart in personal music devices, quickly grabbed the lion’s share of the digital music market with its iPods and iTunes music streaming service. By 2016, Sony restructured its business portfolio and has experienced substantial success with its PlayStation 4 gaming console and original gaming content. 2

Not-for-Profit Organizations

Not all organizations strive to make a profit. A not-for-profit organization is an organization that exists to achieve some goal other than the usual business goal of profit. Charities such as Habitat for Humanity , the United Way , the American Cancer Society , and the World Wildlife Fund are not-for-profit organizations, as are most hospitals, zoos, arts organizations, civic groups, and religious organizations. Over the last 20 years, the number of nonprofit organizations—and the employees and volunteers who work for them—has increased considerably. Government is our largest and most pervasive not-for-profit group. In addition, more than 1.5 million nongovernmental not-for-profit entities operate in the United States today and contribute more than $900 billion annually to the U.S. economy. 3

Like their for-profit counterparts, these groups set goals and require resources to meet those goals. However, their goals are not focused on profits. For example, a not-for-profit organization’s goal might be feeding the poor, preserving the environment, increasing attendance at the ballet, or preventing drunk driving. Not-for-profit organizations do not compete directly with one another in the same manner as, for example, Ford and Honda , but they do compete for talented employees, people’s limited volunteer time, and donations.

The boundaries that formerly separated not-for-profit and for-profit organizations have blurred, leading to a greater exchange of ideas between the sectors. As discussed in detail in the ethics chapter, for-profit businesses are now addressing social issues. Successful not-for-profits apply business principles to operate more effectively. Not-for-profit managers are concerned with the same concepts as their colleagues in for-profit companies: developing strategy, budgeting carefully, measuring performance, encouraging innovation, improving productivity, demonstrating accountability, and fostering an ethical workplace environment.

In addition to pursuing a museum’s artistic goals, for example, top executives manage the administrative and business side of the organization: human resources, finance, and legal concerns. Ticket revenues cover a fraction of the museum’s operating costs, so the director spends a great deal of time seeking major donations and memberships. Today’s museum boards of directors include both art patrons and business executives who want to see sound fiscal decision-making in a not-for-profit setting. Therefore, a museum director must walk a fine line between the institution’s artistic mission and financial policies. According to a survey by The Economist , over the next several years, major art museums will be looking for new directors, as more than a third of the current ones are approaching retirement. 4

Factors of Production: The Building Blocks of Business

To provide goods and services, regardless of whether they operate in the for-profit or not-for-profit sector, organizations require inputs in the form of resources called factors of production . Four traditional factors of production are common to all productive activity: natural resources , labor (human resources) , capital , and entrepreneurship . Many experts now include knowledge as a fifth factor, acknowledging its key role in business success. By using the factors of production efficiently, a company can produce more goods and services with the same resources.

Commodities that are useful inputs in their natural state are known as natural resources. They include farmland, forests, mineral and oil deposits, and water. Sometimes natural resources are simply called land, although, as you can see, the term means more than just land. Companies use natural resources in different ways. International Paper Company uses wood pulp to make paper, and Pacific Gas & Electric Company may use water, oil, or coal to produce electricity. Today urban sprawl, pollution, and limited resources have raised questions about resource use. Conservationists, environmentalists, and government bodies are proposing laws to require land-use planning and resource conservation.

Labor, or human resources, refers to the economic contributions of people working with their minds and muscles. This input includes the talents of everyone—from a restaurant cook to a nuclear physicist—who performs the many tasks of manufacturing and selling goods and services.

The tools, machinery, equipment, and buildings used to produce goods and services and get them to the consumer are known as capital . Sometimes the term capital is also used to mean the money that buys machinery, factories, and other production and distribution facilities. However, because money itself produces nothing, it is not one of the basic inputs. Instead, it is a means of acquiring the inputs. Therefore, in this context, capital does not include money.

Entrepreneurs are the people who combine the inputs of natural resources, labor, and capital to produce goods or services with the intention of making a profit or accomplishing a not-for-profit goal. These people make the decisions that set the course for their businesses; they create products and production processes or develop services. Because they are not guaranteed a profit in return for their time and effort, they must be risk-takers. Of course, if their companies succeed, the rewards may be great.

Today, many individuals want to start their own businesses. They are attracted by the opportunity to be their own boss and reap the financial rewards of a successful firm. Many start their first business from their dorm rooms, such as Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook , or while living at home, so their cost is almost zero. Entrepreneurs include people such as Microsoft cofounder Bill Gates , who was named the richest person in the world in 2017, as well as Google founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page . 5 Many thousands of individuals have started companies that, while remaining small, make a major contribution to the U.S. economy.

Catching the Entrepreneurial Spirit

Stickergiant embraces change.

Entrepreneurs typically are not afraid to take risks or change the way they do business if it means there is a better path to success. John Fischer of Longmont, Colorado, fits the profile.

The drawn-out U.S. presidential election in 2000 between Bush and Gore inspired Fischer to create a bumper sticker that claimed, “He’s Not My President,” which became a top seller. As a result of this venture, Fischer started an online retail sticker store, which he viewed as possibly the “ Amazon of Stickers.” Designing and making stickers in his basement, Fischer’s start-up would eventually become a multimillion-dollar company, recognized in 2017 by Forbes as one of its top 25 small businesses.

The StickerGiant online store was successful, supplying everything from sports stickers to ones commemorating rock and roll bands and breweries. By 2011, the business was going strong; however, the entrepreneur decided to do away with the retail store, instead focusing the business on custom orders, which became StickerGiant ’s main product.

As the company became more successful and added more employees, Fischer once again looked to make some changes. In 2012 he decided to introduce a concept called open-book management, in which he shares the company’s financials with employees at a weekly meeting. Other topics discussed at the meeting include customer comments and feedback, employee concerns, and colleague appreciation for one another. Fischer believes sharing information about the company’s performance (good or bad) not only allows employees to feel part of the operation, but also empowers them to embrace change or suggest ideas that could help the business expand and flourish.

Innovation is also visible in the technology StickerGiant uses to create miles and miles of custom stickers (nearly 800 miles of stickers in 2016). The manufacturing process involves digital printing and laser-finishing equipment. Fischer says only five other companies worldwide have the laser-finishing equipment StickerGiant uses as part of its operations. Because of the investment in this high-tech equipment, the company can make custom stickers in large quantities overnight and ship them to customers the next day.

This small business continues to evolve with an entrepreneur at the helm who is not afraid of making changes or having fun. In 2016, StickerGiant put together Saul the Sticker Ball, a Guinness World Records winner that weighed in at a whopping 232 pounds. Fischer and his employees created Saul when they collected more than 170,000 stickers that had been lying around the office and decided to put them to good use. With $10 million in annual sales and nearly 40 employees, StickerGiant continues to be a successful endeavor for John Fischer and his employees almost two decades after Fischer created his first sticker.

• How does being a risk-taker help Fischer in his business activities?
• If you were a small business owner, would you consider sharing the company’s financial data with employees? Explain your reasoning.

Sources: “All About StickerGiant,” https://www.stickergiant.com, accessed May 29, 2017; Bo Burlingham, “Forbes Small Giants 2017: America’s Best Small Companies,” Forbes, http://www.forbes.com, May 9, 2017; Karsten Strauss, “Making Money and Breaking Records in the Sticker Business,” Forbes, http://www.forbes.com, January 26, 2016; Emilie Rusch, “StickerGiant Does Big Business in Tiny Town of Hygiene,” Denver Post, April 19, 2016, http://www.denverpost.com; Eric Peterson, “StickerGiant,” Company Week, https://companyweek.com, September 5, 2016.

A number of outstanding managers and noted academics are beginning to emphasize a fifth factor of production—knowledge. Knowledge refers to the combined talents and skills of the workforce and has become a primary driver of economic growth. Today’s competitive environment places a premium on knowledge and learning over physical resources. Recent statistics suggest that the number of U.S. knowledge workers has doubled over the last 30 years, with an estimated 2 million knowledge job openings annually. Despite the fact that many “routine” jobs have been replaced by automation over the last decade or outsourced to other countries, technology has actually created more jobs that require knowledge and cognitive skills. 6

Concept Check

• Explain the concepts of revenue, costs, and profit.
• What are the five factors of production?
• What is the role of an entrepreneur in society?

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Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-business/pages/1-introduction

• Authors: Lawrence J. Gitman, Carl McDaniel, Amit Shah, Monique Reece, Linda Koffel, Bethann Talsma, James C. Hyatt
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• Book title: Introduction to Business
• Publication date: Sep 19, 2018
• Location: Houston, Texas
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Business Essay and the Best Way of Its Writing

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Business is an essential aspect of today’s evolving world. It is a lucrative industry that impacts many sectors, including education. Business-related courses are popular as many students are pursuing the programs. There are many branches in the business field, from business management to finance. College tutors often give students different business papers to test their knowledge as part of the assessment.

A business essay is an academic assignment that involves writing a paper that responds with a strategic and analytical approach to specific situations occurring in the market. Each business essay has a different topic that students tackle. However, the primary purpose of such essays is to collect relevant facts that align with the research question and analyze the data to get solutions.

Writing a business essay might seem simple, but it requires impressive writing skills and extensive research. You must be familiar with the topic to know the paper’s direction. Topic selection is a tricky section that affects the entire writing process. It is essential to identify a relevant topic to assist you in crafting a remarkable paper. You have to write a well-structured and compelling paper to get good grades. Presenting accurate arguments with supporting examples from reliable sources is an essential research aspect. Thus, a business essay must follow the required academic standards and theoretical frameworks.

However, writing is not everyone’s cup of tea, and incorporating logical arguments can be challenging. If you are stuck, you can check any business essay example online to understand the format. You will know how to structure the paper and relate it to the relevant themes.

That is why our writing service is here to help needy students craft exceptional essays. We will connect with a proficient business essay writer to help with the research and writing process. Get flawless documents from us and earn the best score in your class.

Business Essay Format

Most learners often overlook the importance of having a business essay format. It is imperative to use a format to help you outline your work. Proper thought organization and articulation are essential aspects that translate into a well-written business essay.

Below is an example of the format:

• Introduction
• Background information
• Introduce main topics
• Thesis statement
• Topic sentence
• Research explanation
• Restate points
• Significance of the study

The above outline is a map that will guide you to know what to include in each section. In addition, you will understand what the assignment requires you to do from the introduction to the conclusion.

If you still find it challenging to get the proper format, you can study a relevant business essay example from our site and jumpstart your paper. Whether you need a business school essay or a business plan essay, we have you covered.

Write Business Essay In 5 Steps

While writing might seem challenging, with the proper format and topic familiarity, you are on the right track. It is imperative to understand the writing process before composing your business essay. You need to read the prompt carefully to know what you are supposed to research and write about.

Here is an overview of the writing process in 5 simple steps:

• Topic Selection

Choosing a good topic is mandatory in crafting an excellent paper. You must select a theme that aligns with the research question. Additionally, ensure you select a familiar topic you are passionate about to avoid writing mistakes and illogical paragraphs.

• Extensive Research

Conduct extensive research to get facts and supporting evidence. Narrow down your theme and include only good points. Avoid broad topics because you will waste time during research.

• Essay Outline

Make sure you use a proper outline to organize your thoughts and line of arguments. Follow the format essay

Start writing your paper while using the required academic format. Organize your work and include the introduction, main body paragraphs, or conclusion.

• Editing and Proofreading

Finally, edit and proofread your essay to eliminate grammatical and spelling mistakes.

The above steps will help you during business essay writing to craft remarkable papers. It would be best to plan your time adequately to avoid rushing through the process. However, you must select an appropriate topic for your paper. It could be a business management essay or a marketing paper. No matter the subject discipline, ensure you follow the correct procedure.

Business Essay Topics

Our experts have compiled a list of different business essay topics to inspire your writing:

• Discuss the importance of bookkeeping in a business.
• Evaluate the impact of value addition in products.
• An analysis of income and expenditure transactions.
• Analyze the supply-chain industry.
• The effects of product promotion in business growth.
• How to develop an effective marketing strategy.
• Impact of policymaking in enhancing company productivity.
• What is multilevel marketing?
• Impact of technology in the business world.
• Discuss the challenges affecting entrepreneurship.
• Significance of human resource management.
• Explore the importance of budget analysis.
• How does technology impact advertising?
• The importance of a financial strategy.
• How to start an online business.
• How can organizations profit from sustainable practices?
• How to develop a positive organizational culture.
• The importance of employee diversity in an organization.
• Effective ways of fraud prevention in a company.
• Explore the communication channels in an organization.

Let us look at interesting argumentative business essay topics

• Discuss the influence of cultural differences on international companies.
• A comprehensive analysis of cryptocurrencies.
• Discuss the ethical dilemmas in international organizations.
• The influence of globalization on the business community.
• Should large organizations have a social media presence?
• Causes and effects of economic recession.
• Impact of politics on business growth.
• Discuss the effective strategies of negotiating cross-cultural business deals.
• Explore the integrity of online entrepreneurship.
• The impact of corporate social responsibility in an organization.

The field is quite diverse with various course programs. You can derive different topics from these programs to get logical arguments. So, get inspiration from the compelling business school essay examples and craft exceptional papers.

How To Start A Business Essay

Knowing how to start a business essay is essential for academic writing. The first step entails topic selection because it will determine the essay’s direction. Identifying a relevant topic is vital, and you need to ensure you get the suitable theme. It will also help save you time during research and simplify the writing process.

When it comes to essay writing service , business papers are among the assignments that require extensive research and analysis. Read the essay prompt carefully to understand the tutor’s expectations. Then, make sure you conduct a comprehensive brainstorming session to get the major points for your paper. Having the right points will help you compose logical arguments in a flawless manner.

Moreover, it would help to read previous essays and publications from reliable essays widely. You will get essential data to support your arguments. Besides, the sources will help you cite your essay correctly.

Start your essay with an insightful introduction and include your perspective regarding the topic. Incorporate a powerful thesis statement that informs your readers of the paper’s direction and the major points you will discuss.

Proceed to write the body paragraphs with a topic sentence that captures all significant arguments. Each paragraph should have well-explained arguments that flow logically.

Finally, conclude your business essay by restating your main points and the significance of the study.

Still, need help with your paper? Worry no more. Our competent business essay writers are on standby, ready to assist you with any academic paper. Stop wasting time and reach out to us. We will help you score top-of-the-class grades within no time.

The paper “Enterprises Resource Planning Success and Failure” is an outstanding example of a business essay. An Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system according to Aslan et al. (2012, p.693) is a management system within an organization that has sets of connected inclusive software, which may be used when espoused and put into practice effectively, to oversee and connect every organizational function. Basically, ERP systems may be employed as a tool for helping to improve the supply chain network as well as the level of performance by helping in decreasing cycle times.

Besides that, ERP systems have been utilized routinely in capital-intensive industries like building, construction, manufacturing, as well as defence. Latterly, ERP systems have advanced further and nowadays they are prevalent in industries such as education, health care, finance, hospitality, and telecommunications. Fundamentally, the benefits of ERP systems are hard to realise not unless a strong disposition, as well as participation, is established within the organisation; so, the article seeks to critically analyse ERP success and failure experienced by organisations.

BodyAs mentioned by Hellens et al. (2005, p.283), ERP systems are built upon a single database and application, as well as a coordinate that is unified in the whole organization. For that reason, every application serving different departments such as HR, accounting, and supply chain are integrated firmly under a single ERP system. Al-as observed by Al-Masha et al. (2003, p.354), ERP systems are useful when successfully implemented because they accelerate the process of decision-making. So, the success of ERP systems depends on the ability of an organisation’s managers to efficiently oversee the operation of a business, given that ERP systems can help them reduces operation costs.

Success drivers of ERP systems can be categorised into two: operational and technological drivers. In this case, operational drivers are associated with ways of improving organisational performance, supporting business strategies, as well as cutting production costs. On the other hand, technological drivers are predominantly associated with compliance with existing rules and regulations. The notion of success varies as the process of implementation continues, in that for planning and implementation (the first two stages of the cycle) success is mainly rooted in completing the ERP project to the standards that are acceptable within the budget as well as a time limit.

As pointed out by Hanafizadeh et al. (2010), stabilization as well as Improvement (the last two stages of the cycle) success is founded on the seeming impact of the ERP system on the performance of the organization. As indicated in Hanafizadeh et al. (2010) study, there are scores of factors vital for the success of ERP systems; support is top management one of the factors, and it involves encouraging commitment, positivity, and support of top management in the ERP project. Another factor is the utilization of knowledge as well as experience of system and technology consultants.

Additionally, the balanced project team is crucial for the success of ERP systems because it includes the integration of employees and information technology with the broad knowledge of the processes in the organization. As evidenced in Hellens et al. (2005) study, the accuracy of the information is crucial to the success of ERP project, so, data loaded from accessible legacy systems must at all times be of high quality. ERP project cannot succeed if the project management teams do not have a well-defined, detailed project plan related to the goals of the project.

Change management is also a success factor in the implementation of ERP project; so, careful attention has to be offered to this, considering that several changes in business processes are experienced during ERP systems implementation. Training and education are also important given that technical expertise regarding the ERP system, its reference model, and facts regarding its working are useful in the process of implementation. Other factors crucial for success consists of, availability of experts who aside from being in top management will frequently help the organization realize ERP system benefits.

Failure of ERP projects has been prevalent, and this has continued to bite worldwide across all business platforms. As pointed out in Xue et al. (2005, p.279) study, ERP poise substantial benefits like improving customer service, reducing manufacturing costs and boosts productivity, but these benefits are only realised after successfully implementing the ERP systems. Nevertheless, statistics show that implementation of ERP systems is still a failure amongst scores of companies. Statistically, 90 per cent of ERP systems implementations in Asia countries, especially China are either completed late or use more money and resources than those stipulated in budget.

In Xue et al. (2005) study, where they differentiated implementation success of ERP system in China as well as western countries, they noted that China had a higher percentage of failure which was attributed mainly to lack of support from top management as well as data inaccuracy. Other factors that led to ERP failure include poor participation, education and training, insignificant time ensuing from a minimal understanding of cross-operational organisational processes (Dechow & Mouritsen, 2005, p.691). Furthermore, ERP systems are exceedingly expensive, and also the need for the organisation to hire consultants to assist in the configuration as well as implementation, results in further escalation of price; thus, creating a high possibility of failure.

The cost used on consultants is almost thrice the cost of an ERP system; this negatively affects the productivity of the company and can lead also to the failure of the ERP system. ConclusionIn conclusion, it has been argued that ERP systems are beneficial because they improve the flow of information between every function of the company and also manages the connections to external stakeholders. Currently, the key basis of competitive advantage is the capability of a business to improve the processes of the supply chain.

This necessity has created the need for more advanced information systems like ERP systems. The articles have heightened numerous factors critical to the success of ERP, and which have allowed companies to efficiently plan their resources resulting in business efficient functionality and increased productivity. Failures as discussed in the article are caused by lack of support from top management, data inaccuracy, and lack of sufficient education and training.

The paper “New iPhones Show a Hit For Apple as Quarterly Profit Fluctuate 13 Percent” is an outstanding example of a business literature review. Yao (2014) explains that China is expected to provide information about its weakest growth since the occurrence of the global financial crisis within the third quarter while the property downturn is assessed based on manufacturing and investment. As a result, more pressure has been put on Beijing to unveil new stimulus measures. According to Yao (2014), the market assumes that the Communist Party leader will be able to adjust to the gradual slowdown. This will happen only in circumstances where there are no possibilities of experiencing a potentially destabilizing fluctuation in unemployment. However, anything weaker would lead to more speculations of key stimulus measures, for instance, an interest rate cut. Although the leadership has consistently provided steady aid specifically to vulnerable sectors of the economy, it has been noted that several stimuli have been ignored because China is still struggling to pay a huge local government debt (Yao 2014).

Article 2: New iPhones show a hit for Apple as quarterly profit fluctuate 13 percent

Due to strong demand for APPLE’s new larger-screen iPhones released in September, its quarterly profit increased by 13 percent. This also enabled APPLE to overcome the sluggish iPad sales (Jones 2014). Despite the more intensifying competition felt by Samsung Electronics as APPLE’s leading Smartphone competitor, Jones (2014) points out that the iPhone is attracting more consumers who are also ready to pay high prices particularly for cutting-edge handsets. Through its latest phones, Apple is profitably catching with its major competitors, such as, Samsung that have from time to time managed to post attractive sales of larger phones. It has also been noted that the marketing strength that iPhone has gained stands in contrast to sluggish iPad sales and the issues affecting Samsung’s Smartphone business (Jones 2014).

Article 3: Coal not the solution for poverty

Couchi (2014) examines that cheap coal-fueled electricity is highly considered by miners and politicians as the best alternative way out of poverty, particularly for developing nations. However, Africa has not considered this. In the business report provided by Couchi (2014) about the U.S financial group Citi, it can be noted that the booming market for African electricity has been a result of the coal approach. In the attempt to reinforce coals bearish outlook, Couchi (2014) reports that Citi discovered that a new International Energy Agency (IEA) outlook on the commodity is in contrast with the idea of BHP, the US coal producer Peabody as well as the Minerals Council of Australia which maintains that coal would play an integral role in minimizing energy poverty, particularly for developing countries. Despite its metallurgical and thermal forms, coal is considered the second-biggest mineral exported from Australia after iron ore (Couchi 2014).

Article 4: Ebola could be in the headlines, but tobacco is yet another killer in Africa

Research conducted by The Guardian (2014) shows that although Ebola dominates the headlines, there is yet another killer pandemic of great importance that continues to kill many people in the African continent unnoticeably. It is has been noted that tobacco kills at least one between two long term smokers. Currently, it is anticipated to kill 1 billion people globally before 2100. This is relatively more compared to the current number of people who die of Ebola. The Guardian (2014) terms this global issue as injustice and inequality because Transnational Tobacco Companies (TTCs), such as UK-based British American Tobacco (BAT) earn humungous profits yet they cause economic damage worthy over half a trillion dollars each year. Besides, TTCs contribute more to environmental degradation and thus create risks that compromise the health as well as the sustainability of populations. To earn more profits, TTCs are currently shifting and expanding their business to untapped markets in regions with unrestricted opportunities for growth (The Guardian 2014).

Article 5: NAB, ANZ lead pack in building home-lending share

The home loan is still considered the major driving force in recovering credit growth for banks. In this case, National Australian Bank (NAB) and ANZ are on the frontline to encourage the big banks in taking the advantage of the mortgage market, while home and business lending are sustainably becoming strong. Therefore, NAB and ANZ have put on media their fastest growth out of the big in all the past three months (Yeates 2014). Despite the faster growth and expansion made by NAB compared to their rivals in home lending, Yeates (2014) notes that analysts see business lending as a bigger concern because the bank has lost shares and faced more pressure, particularly on its margins. Generally, the home loan market is considered a major driving force that enables banks to recover from credit growth regardless of the risks associated with life specifically in business lending (Yeates 2014).

The paper “Globalization and Culture” is an outstanding example of a business essay. Today, it is common to hear people refer to the world as ‘a global village’. This has been a result of the process of globalization. This process has opened up and improved trade across regional and national borders. Not only has globalization enhanced economic interactions across nations but also improved access to information and uplifted the fight for human rights, among other benefits. Recent technological and communication developments along with improved road networks have been the key drivers of globalization. However, critics of globalization say that these benefits have been realized at a very high price: that of surrendering regional and national cultural values, mainly, for Western morals (Kwame, 2007).

Regarding this debate, two key schools of thought emerge. From one angle critics argue that globalization spreads out any and every culture all over the realm, leading to cultural heterogeneity and deeper understanding between diverse groups. This is mainly defined through the global production and distribution of commodities such that people in different parts of the world have access to commodities they would otherwise have never seen. A case in point is the cultural interaction between the United States and Japan. Teens in the U.S interact with the Japanese culture through their comic books, animations and video games, while teens in Japan interact with the American culture through watching TV shows and Hollywood movies produced in the U.S (Kwame, 2007).

On the flip side, critics argue that globalization erodes the regional and national cultural identity through cultural homogeneity. This leads to a cohesive global culture constituting diluted varieties of regional and national cultural nuances. For instance, French pastries, ‘American’ fried chicken, and Japanese sushi can be eaten in almost any part of the world. Restraint chains such as MacDonald’s and Starbucks have influenced traditions and behaviors in different countries. Even though champions of globalization claim that this merely affects consumer goods and media broadcasting, critics contend that it deteriorates customary culture ((Kwame, 2007; Czinkota, 2003).

Culture is a prevalent aspect in business whether it is in marketing, production, or human resource management. It is a key variable in the function of success in new markets (Czinkota, 2003). People’s purchasing decisions are based on a product’s design, style or color that supports their religious beliefs and practices. Empirical evidence shows that the success or failure of a company, especially, in a foreign market is reliant upon the effective managerial exercise of local religious beliefs and practices. Therefore, managers ought to be on familiar terms with their market’s religious differences given that religion influences people’s attitudes. For instance, Asians have a different attitude toward authority and women that differs from Western beliefs and practices. Whereas many parts of the world, including Asia, South America, and Africa, value collectivism very much, Americans are more individualistic. Chinese, Latin Americans and Koreans take time casually even as Americans are more proactive.

Failing to appreciate the religious beliefs and practices of the market will often lead to lots of inadvertent mistakes, such as being socially violent, cultural mix-ups, tarnished interpersonal relations, poor negotiations. As a consequence, the company’s future performance dwindles as profits decline. Lack of religious competence, or religious dogmatism, can easily put at risk millions of dollars through fruitless negotiations, lost purchases or sales, and pitiable customer relationships (Czinkota, 2003).

Cultural Literacy

Culture is a broad system that includes traditions, beliefs, attitudes, values, institutions and social interactions. This system reflects the global crunch facing the human race, and so it is a cultural catastrophe (UNESCO 1997). Dealing with such a cultural diversity calls for an important skill referred to as cultural competence. Chrisman (2007) defines cultural competence as ‘attitudes, practice skills, and system savvy for cross-cultural conditions’. The key force in work involving cultural competence is the people’s flexibility and ability to appropriately consider and treat the general public politely and in a proper way fitting their culture. Cultural literacy takes account of cultural competence plus the capacity to analytically mirror, and if needed institute change in, one’s a specific culture. Cultural literacy also comprises the capacity to examine the actions of central cultures measured against other cultures. This becomes very much useful in business. A case in point is the understanding of the effect of globalization or cross-cultural businesses on indigenous cultures all over the world.

Cultural literacy has been likened to an iceberg, through the iceberg model of culture. This is due to the expanse contextual material one requires to understand the culture. Cultural literacy often involves much more than the information essentially spoken. In other words, to understand the meaning of a cultural term, one has got to have much information that is not revealed by the bare meaning of that term. The clear cultural meaning of the term is like the ‘tip of an iceberg’ meaning that the deeper understanding lies below the casual meaning of the term and it constitutes a person’s own applicable information. It is known that 15 per cent or less of an iceberg can be seen above the water surface, 85 per cent or more of the iceberg is submerged below the water surface. This means that there is quite a different picture depicted shallowly from that which is the actual translation in the literature, giving the imprint that implied information comprises relatively tiny bits and pieces of information, left out by the correspondent due to dismissal or suitability (Hawkes, 2001).

Figure 1: Iceberg Model of Culture

It has been stated earlier that culture is a broad system that among other aspects involves religion. The world is very diverse in terms of culture as well as religion. Each culture embodies a creation in itself and yet it is not closed. Cultures give religious convictions semantics, and religions provide decisive connotation to each culture. Religion is a way of life for numerous cultures saturating every one human action. In other cultures, it characterizes the utmost ambitions of human life, and for others, religion is an institution that claims to convey a meaning of deliverance (Hawkes, 2001).

The paper “The Different Communications ” is an outstanding example of a management assignment. Phone: 23 rd August: the communication was made to remind that the bill for the mobile phone is outstanding and if not paid within the date will have a fine imposed on it. The communication was successful as it helped to fulfill my need and acted as a reminder. Further, the call also ensured that it was complete and all the details like outstanding amount, due date, late fine, and other details were provided. The call was complete and highlighted the important aspect which if ignored could have an impact on my usage.

Radio: 24 th August: The communication was made regarding the areas which are having huge traffic and showed the roads which should be avoided. The communication was successful as it helped to fulfill my requirements by highlighting the different roads which need to be avoided and which need to be used. The communication was further clear and loud regarding the different roads and path which should be avoided. This method acted as one where proper guidance was provided and acting in the correct way was highlighted so those correct decisions can be taken.

Communications that were unsuccessful

Television: 24 th August: The communication was made regarding the sale of women’s garments. The communication was ineffective because in the first instance it didn’t meet my needs and requirements as I was not looking to shop. Secondly, the message was not constructed properly as it didn’t speak about the brands which were available on sale, the different garments which were available, and also didn’t highlight the date when the sale would end.

Phone: 25 th August: The communication was made regarding the mobile bill payment which has already been made. The call was ineffective because it was not required as the payment has been made and I had the required receipt. The call was instead a wastage of time. In addition to it, the call was not constructed properly and required to focus on areas through which a message would have been enough as a source of communication to ensure that the payment was correctly entered.

Reasons for communication not to be successful

The communication process can be improved in the following ways

Firstly, ensuring that the communication which is made is required and is addressed properly so that the person who receives the communication gains from it (Nicholas, 2013)

Secondly, providing complete information is essential as it will serve as a benchmark to evaluate the manner in which different information is passed (Anne & Bochner, 2007). It will also help to understand the important matter which has been spoken and will help to highlight the manner in which changes can make so that proper communication and message is passed

Thirdly, the targeted audience was wrong and it is important to correct the audience (Mehrabian and Susan, 2007). This will help to improve the validity and reliability of the communication and will ensure that the process of communication becomes effective and is directed towards the correct person

Fourthly, the process of communication needs to be improved and changed so that the message is correctly interpreted and passed with the same intention (Imahori & Lanigan, 2012). This will help the listeners to evaluate the message in the correct form and will help to ensure maximum response.

Fifthly, the media which are used needs to be chosen wisely as the usage of a message instead of a phone call for bill paid confirmation would have been more helpful and could have caught the attention of the audience in a better way. This would have multiplied the effectiveness of communication and would have helped to understand the important points and issues.

The process of communication thereby requires working on the smaller and important aspect so that the overall process of communication improves and helps to provide the required dimensions through which effectiveness can be gained in the manner messages are passed.

The paper “Why Did Telefonica Initially Focus on Latin America” is a perfect example of a business assignment. Based on Telefonica’s objectives of rapidly increasing shareholder value, profits and achieving growth, it had to take advantage of location economies. Hence, the company initially focused on Latin America, as it must have perceived FDI to be a means for circumnavigating trade barriers. Indeed, the reasons why Telefonica initially focused on Latin America are perceivable through the lens of the Uppsala Model Theory.

According to the theory, the internalisation of a company across many foreign markets is correlated to psychic distance, where the first entry is to foreign markets that are familiar and closer in regards to the psychic distance of the host country, before making subsequent entries in foreign markets with greater psychic distance. Psychic distance comprises the differences in culture, language and political systems (Falvo & Parshad 2005).

Within the perspective of Uppsala Model Theory, it should be argued that companies tend to gradually increase their activities in international markets through a series of incremental stages, where the succeeding steps are anchored in learning and adapting to foreign markets (Pandian & Sim 2002).

This implies that the firms fast gain experience from the markets, where they have closer cultural ties before expanding to foreign markets. For instance, Telefonica had to first gain experience as a telecoms operator in Latin America, since the region has deep cultural ties with Spain, where it is headquartered.

Strategic competitive advantages

The company’s decision to slowly expand to Europe appeared opportunistic as well as strategic. Europe had initially possessed trade barriers that lowered the chances of successful entries. Essentially, there is a correlation between culture and national competitive advantage, where countries that are likely to impose trade barriers, in terms of competition are bypassed in preference to those that are less competitive (Enu & Attah-Obeng 2010). This argument is based on Dunning’s Eclectic Theory, which hypothesises that a company will always seek to leverage their specific advantages, including marketing, knowledge, skilled personnel, technology and information (Dunning 2001).

In this case, the Latin American markets were growing rapidly. They also experienced an increased high adoption rate and usage of mobile phones and internet connections. Additionally, after the Spanish government privatised Telefonica and deregulated the Spanish telecommunications market, the company’s core objective became increasing shareholder value, profits and achieving growth.

This implies that profit maximisation is a major drive to foreign direct development; through the use of particular advantages the company has (Glesem et al. 1990). It, therefore, had to select a region that would enable it to achieve higher profits. The company selected Latin America over Europe. Latin America had few entry barriers, such as competition and government regulations, while Europe had greater barriers due to more competitors. This implies that imperfect competition within the marketplace is a key incentive for expanding abroad. Besides, European mobile telecommunications operators had agreed they would not invade each other’s markets. However, after the entry of America Movil into Latin America, Telefonica faced a stronger competitor, forcing it to expand to Europe.

Commenting on other student’s post:

Why did Telefonica initially focus on Latin America?  Why was it slower to expand in Europe, even though Spain is a member of the European Union?

While the student hinted at the growth of multinational enterprises, a brief outline detailing why the company expanded and reasons for expansion could have provided a more relevant backdrop. Additionally, the reference to the Socialist Party by Popular Part in the general election of 1996 was irrelevant and out of context. The student’s decision to link the factors for the European Union to the opening of the telecommunications sector was misplaced. Rather, the student should have selected reasons why Telefonica selected to begin operating in Latin America before making headway to Europe. However, reference to high competition in the sector in Europe was justified.

Accordingly, the student should have explored the close cultural ties between Spain and Latin America, as the major drivers that triggered Telefonica to first launch in the region before expanding to Europe. In supporting the argument, a reference to a relevant theory, such as the Uppsala Model Theory could have pointed to the reasons why internationalisation of a company across many foreign markets is correlated to psychic distance (Uhasselt. be 2005). This includes why the initial entry is mostly made in foreign markets that are familiar and closer in regards to the psychic distance of the host country. Afterward, an explanation of what this meant to Telefonica based on the theory could have been appropriate (Gustafsson & Zasada 2011). For instance, the student should have stated that firms get to fast gain experience from the markets where they have closer cultural ties before expanding to foreign markets.

The student should have based his arguments on Dunning’s Eclectic Theory, which proposes that firms tend to use their peculiar advantages such as marketing, knowledge, skilled personnel, technology and information (Rugman 2010). Further, he should have stated that companies view FDI as a means to circumnavigate trade barriers before going forth to describe the correlation between culture and national competitive advantage, where countries that are likely to impose trade barriers in terms of competition are bypassed in preference to those that are less competitive.

While the student was also justified in arguing that the company sought to maximise profitability and to increase shareholder value, no basis was provided to support the argument, based on the case study. At this stage, the student should have suggested a theory to support his argument (Morgan & Katsikeas 1999). Later, the student should have provided examples from the case study to defend the choice of the theory he selected. However, the student provided examples outside the case study, such as “Telefonica has been able to establish footprints in 24 countries and having an average of 120,000 professionals with consolidated revenues of 24,957 million euros in January-June 2014 and more than 315.7 million customers at June 2014”

Additionally, the reasons the student outlined as the likely motivators for Telefonica to launch first in Latin America before making entries in Europe cannot be justified, as they have not been argued appropriately. For instance, in suggesting political developments, taking policy advantage and the fact that the markets shared a common language, the student should have discussed the concept of psychic distance and the related theory, such as the Uppsala Model Theory.

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Business Essay Examples

13 Business Essay Examples for Students

14 min read

Published on: May 1, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 30, 2024

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Are you struggling to figure out the structure, research, or data required to make your essay stand out? Or frustrated by the lack of inspiration and ideas for your essay?

But don't give up yet! We have a powerful solution that will make your essay writing a breeze. Our list of business essay examples is here to help! 

We have compiled expertly written business essay examples that will illustrate how to write a striking business essay.

With our examples, you'll be able to see how to structure your essay and generate creative ideas for your topic. And our tips will help you make the most of these examples.

So, let's dive in and get ready to learn!

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What is a Business Essay?

A business essay is a type of academic writing that focuses on business-related topics and issues. These essays can cover a wide range of topics such as marketing, finance, management, entrepreneurship, and more.

The importance of business essay lies in presenting a well-researched and informed analysis. To do this effectively, writers need to conduct extensive research and analysis on the topic at hand.

Referring to examples of business essays can help you gain insight into the structure, tone, and content of a well-written essay.

Business Essay Examples For Students

Here is a list of business writing examples

Business Essay Examples Pdf

Business Essay Example Grade 10

Business Essay Example Grade 11

A Level Business Essay Examples

University Business Essay Examples

International Business Essay Examples

Short Essay About Business

College Essay About Starting A Business

Types of Business Essay with Examples

When it comes to business essay writing, there are several different types that you might encounter. 

Here's a brief overview of each type, including their characteristics and an example of each.

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Case Studies

A case study is an in-depth analysis of a specific business situation or problem. It involves extensive research and data analysis to provide recommendations.

Case studies often showcase the application of theory to real-world business scenarios.

Research Papers

Research papers involve a more academic approach to business writing. They typically require an extensive literature review, data analysis, and original research. 

Business research papers aim to contribute new knowledge to the field of business. These often involve a hypothesis or research question.

Argumentative Essays

Argumentative business essays aim to persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action. They present an argument and use evidence and logic to support their claims. 

Argumentative essays can address various business topics such as management practices, ethical issues, or market trends.

White Papers

A white paper is a document that provides a detailed explanation of a particular issue or problem, often with recommendations or solutions. 

White papers are typically used to educate stakeholders about a specific topic. These are often used in the business-to-business (B2B) context.

Comparative Essays 

Comparative business essays compare and contrast two or more topics or ideas. They typically analyze the similarities and differences between the topics to evaluate their pros and cons. 

Comparative essays can focus on various aspects such as products, companies, markets, or strategies.

How to Structure Your Business Essays

As you begin writing your business essay, it's important to structure it in a clear and organized way. 

Here's a step-by-step guide with business essay samples to help you do just that:

Executive Summary

The executive summary is a brief overview of your entire essay. It should summarize your main points and highlight your recommendations. 

This section should be written after completing the essay, as it gives a clear picture of what the essay covers. 

Here is how you start a business essay sample:

Introduction

The introduction sets the stage for the rest of the essay. It should introduce the topic, provide background information, and explain the purpose of the essay. 

Here is a business essay introduction example:

Industry Analysis

In this section, you'll conduct a thorough analysis of the industry in which the business operates. You should examine factors such as competition, market trends, and customer behavior. 

Here is a sample industry analysis

Key Issues or Problems

This section should identify the main issues or problems faced by the business. You should provide evidence to support your claims and analyze the impact of these issues. 

Here is an example paragraph:

Solutions or Recommendation

Here, you'll provide solutions or recommendations to address the issues identified in the previous section. Your solutions should be well-supported and feasible. 

For instance:

Implementation Plan

For this part, you'll outline a plan for implementing the solutions or recommendations you've proposed. This is sort of a description of the business model you suggest. 

This section should be detailed and include specific action steps. 

For example:

Finally, you'll wrap up your essay by summarizing your main points and reiterating your recommendations. 

This section should be clear, concise, and impactful. 

By following this structure, your business essay will be well-organized, coherent, and easy to follow for your readers.

Tips for Using Business Essay Examples Effectively

Now that you have quite a few business essay examples at hand, you should know how to use them effectively:

• Use them as a guide, not a template : While it's great to learn from examples, you should never copy them outright. Instead, use them as a starting point for your own research and writing.
• Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the essay : Take note of what works well in the example essay, as well as any areas that could be improved. This will help you understand how to make your own essay even better.
• Use them to inform your own research and writing : Pay attention to the research methods, sources, and evidence used in the example essay. This can give you ideas for your own research and help you strengthen your arguments.
• Avoid plagiarism and ensure proper citation: Whenever you use ideas or information from an example, make sure to cite your sources. This will help you avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.

You now have a plenty of business essay examples on different topics to help you get started!

By following our tips and studying the sample essays, you can confidently write your own essays that are clear, concise, and impactful. 

However, if you still find yourself struggling with your business essays, just reach out to our professional business essay writing service . 

We have the best online essay writing service and are ready to provide you a high-quality business. Our writing service has subject specialist writers who can tackle any business essay topic.  

So why wait? Contact us today and let our AI essay writer take your business essays to the next level!

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• How to structure an essay: Templates and tips

How to Structure an Essay | Tips & Templates

Published on September 18, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

The basic structure of an essay always consists of an introduction , a body , and a conclusion . But for many students, the most difficult part of structuring an essay is deciding how to organize information within the body.

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Table of contents

The basics of essay structure, chronological structure, compare-and-contrast structure, problems-methods-solutions structure, signposting to clarify your structure, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about essay structure.

There are two main things to keep in mind when working on your essay structure: making sure to include the right information in each part, and deciding how you’ll organize the information within the body.

Parts of an essay

The three parts that make up all essays are described in the table below.

Order of information

You’ll also have to consider how to present information within the body. There are a few general principles that can guide you here.

The first is that your argument should move from the simplest claim to the most complex . The body of a good argumentative essay often begins with simple and widely accepted claims, and then moves towards more complex and contentious ones.

For example, you might begin by describing a generally accepted philosophical concept, and then apply it to a new topic. The grounding in the general concept will allow the reader to understand your unique application of it.

The second principle is that background information should appear towards the beginning of your essay . General background is presented in the introduction. If you have additional background to present, this information will usually come at the start of the body.

The third principle is that everything in your essay should be relevant to the thesis . Ask yourself whether each piece of information advances your argument or provides necessary background. And make sure that the text clearly expresses each piece of information’s relevance.

The sections below present several organizational templates for essays: the chronological approach, the compare-and-contrast approach, and the problems-methods-solutions approach.

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The chronological approach (sometimes called the cause-and-effect approach) is probably the simplest way to structure an essay. It just means discussing events in the order in which they occurred, discussing how they are related (i.e. the cause and effect involved) as you go.

A chronological approach can be useful when your essay is about a series of events. Don’t rule out other approaches, though—even when the chronological approach is the obvious one, you might be able to bring out more with a different structure.

Explore the tabs below to see a general template and a specific example outline from an essay on the invention of the printing press.

• Thesis statement
• Discussion of event/period
• Consequences
• Importance of topic
• Strong closing statement
• Claim that the printing press marks the end of the Middle Ages
• Background on the low levels of literacy before the printing press
• Thesis statement: The invention of the printing press increased circulation of information in Europe, paving the way for the Reformation
• High levels of illiteracy in medieval Europe
• Literacy and thus knowledge and education were mainly the domain of religious and political elites
• Consequence: this discouraged political and religious change
• Invention of the printing press in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg
• Implications of the new technology for book production
• Consequence: Rapid spread of the technology and the printing of the Gutenberg Bible
• Trend for translating the Bible into vernacular languages during the years following the printing press’s invention
• Luther’s own translation of the Bible during the Reformation
• Consequence: The large-scale effects the Reformation would have on religion and politics
• Summarize the history described
• Stress the significance of the printing press to the events of this period

Essays with two or more main subjects are often structured around comparing and contrasting . For example, a literary analysis essay might compare two different texts, and an argumentative essay might compare the strengths of different arguments.

There are two main ways of structuring a compare-and-contrast essay: the alternating method, and the block method.

Alternating

In the alternating method, each paragraph compares your subjects in terms of a specific point of comparison. These points of comparison are therefore what defines each paragraph.

The tabs below show a general template for this structure, and a specific example for an essay comparing and contrasting distance learning with traditional classroom learning.

• Synthesis of arguments
• Topical relevance of distance learning in lockdown
• Increasing prevalence of distance learning over the last decade
• Thesis statement: While distance learning has certain advantages, it introduces multiple new accessibility issues that must be addressed for it to be as effective as classroom learning
• Classroom learning: Ease of identifying difficulties and privately discussing them
• Distance learning: Difficulty of noticing and unobtrusively helping
• Classroom learning: Difficulties accessing the classroom (disability, distance travelled from home)
• Distance learning: Difficulties with online work (lack of tech literacy, unreliable connection, distractions)
• Classroom learning: Tends to encourage personal engagement among students and with teacher, more relaxed social environment
• Distance learning: Greater ability to reach out to teacher privately
• Sum up, emphasize that distance learning introduces more difficulties than it solves
• Stress the importance of addressing issues with distance learning as it becomes increasingly common
• Distance learning may prove to be the future, but it still has a long way to go

In the block method, each subject is covered all in one go, potentially across multiple paragraphs. For example, you might write two paragraphs about your first subject and then two about your second subject, making comparisons back to the first.

The tabs again show a general template, followed by another essay on distance learning, this time with the body structured in blocks.

• Point 1 (compare)
• Point 2 (compare)
• Point 3 (compare)
• Point 4 (compare)
• Advantages: Flexibility, accessibility
• Disadvantages: Discomfort, challenges for those with poor internet or tech literacy
• Advantages: Potential for teacher to discuss issues with a student in a separate private call
• Disadvantages: Difficulty of identifying struggling students and aiding them unobtrusively, lack of personal interaction among students
• Advantages: More accessible to those with low tech literacy, equality of all sharing one learning environment
• Disadvantages: Students must live close enough to attend, commutes may vary, classrooms not always accessible for disabled students
• Advantages: Ease of picking up on signs a student is struggling, more personal interaction among students
• Disadvantages: May be harder for students to approach teacher privately in person to raise issues

An essay that concerns a specific problem (practical or theoretical) may be structured according to the problems-methods-solutions approach.

This is just what it sounds like: You define the problem, characterize a method or theory that may solve it, and finally analyze the problem, using this method or theory to arrive at a solution. If the problem is theoretical, the solution might be the analysis you present in the essay itself; otherwise, you might just present a proposed solution.

The tabs below show a template for this structure and an example outline for an essay about the problem of fake news.

• Introduce the problem
• Provide background
• Describe your approach to solving it
• Define the problem precisely
• Describe why it’s important
• Indicate previous approaches to the problem
• Present your new approach, and why it’s better
• Apply the new method or theory to the problem
• Indicate the solution you arrive at by doing so
• Assess (potential or actual) effectiveness of solution
• Describe the implications
• Problem: The growth of “fake news” online
• Prevalence of polarized/conspiracy-focused news sources online
• Thesis statement: Rather than attempting to stamp out online fake news through social media moderation, an effective approach to combating it must work with educational institutions to improve media literacy
• Definition: Deliberate disinformation designed to spread virally online
• Popularization of the term, growth of the phenomenon
• Previous approaches: Labeling and moderation on social media platforms
• Critique: This approach feeds conspiracies; the real solution is to improve media literacy so users can better identify fake news
• Greater emphasis should be placed on media literacy education in schools
• This allows people to assess news sources independently, rather than just being told which ones to trust
• This is a long-term solution but could be highly effective
• It would require significant organization and investment, but would equip people to judge news sources more effectively
• Rather than trying to contain the spread of fake news, we must teach the next generation not to fall for it

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Signposting means guiding the reader through your essay with language that describes or hints at the structure of what follows.  It can help you clarify your structure for yourself as well as helping your reader follow your ideas.

The essay overview

In longer essays whose body is split into multiple named sections, the introduction often ends with an overview of the rest of the essay. This gives a brief description of the main idea or argument of each section.

The overview allows the reader to immediately understand what will be covered in the essay and in what order. Though it describes what  comes later in the text, it is generally written in the present tense . The following example is from a literary analysis essay on Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein .

Transitions

Transition words and phrases are used throughout all good essays to link together different ideas. They help guide the reader through your text, and an essay that uses them effectively will be much easier to follow.

Various different relationships can be expressed by transition words, as shown in this example.

Because Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. Although it was an outcome the Allies had hoped to avoid, they were prepared to back up their ultimatum in order to combat the existential threat posed by the Third Reich.

Transition sentences may be included to transition between different paragraphs or sections of an essay. A good transition sentence moves the reader on to the next topic while indicating how it relates to the previous one.

… Distance learning, then, seems to improve accessibility in some ways while representing a step backwards in others.

However , considering the issue of personal interaction among students presents a different picture.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

College essays

• Choosing Essay Topic
• Write a College Essay
• Write a Diversity Essay
• College Essay Format & Structure
• Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay

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The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

An essay isn’t just a loose collection of facts and ideas. Instead, it should be centered on an overarching argument (summarized in your thesis statement ) that every part of the essay relates to.

The way you structure your essay is crucial to presenting your argument coherently. A well-structured essay helps your reader follow the logic of your ideas and understand your overall point.

Comparisons in essays are generally structured in one of two ways:

• The alternating method, where you compare your subjects side by side according to one specific aspect at a time.
• The block method, where you cover each subject separately in its entirety.

It’s also possible to combine both methods, for example by writing a full paragraph on each of your topics and then a final paragraph contrasting the two according to a specific metric.

You should try to follow your outline as you write your essay . However, if your ideas change or it becomes clear that your structure could be better, it’s okay to depart from your essay outline . Just make sure you know why you’re doing so.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

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Organization and Structure

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There is no single organizational pattern that works well for all writing across all disciplines; rather, organization depends on what you’re writing, who you’re writing it for, and where your writing will be read. In order to communicate your ideas, you’ll need to use a logical and consistent organizational structure in all of your writing. We can think about organization at the global level (your entire paper or project) as well as at the local level (a chapter, section, or paragraph). For an American academic situation, this means that at all times, the goal of revising for organization and structure is to consciously design your writing projects to make them easy for readers to understand. In this context, you as the writer are always responsible for the reader's ability to understand your work; in other words, American academic writing is writer-responsible. A good goal is to make your writing accessible and comprehensible to someone who just reads sections of your writing rather than the entire piece. This handout provides strategies for revising your writing to help meet this goal.

Note that this resource focuses on writing for an American academic setting, specifically for graduate students. American academic writing is of course not the only standard for academic writing, and researchers around the globe will have different expectations for organization and structure. The OWL has some more resources about writing for American and international audiences here .

Whole-Essay Structure

While organization varies across and within disciplines, usually based on the genre, publication venue, and other rhetorical considerations of the writing, a great deal of academic writing can be described by the acronym IMRAD (or IMRaD): Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. This structure is common across most of the sciences and is often used in the humanities for empirical research. This structure doesn't serve every purpose (for instance, it may be difficult to follow IMRAD in a proposal for a future study or in more exploratory writing in the humanities), and it is often tweaked or changed to fit a particular situation. Still, its wide use as a base for a great deal of scholarly writing makes it worthwhile to break down here.

• Introduction : What is the purpose of the study? What were the research questions? What necessary background information should the reader understand to help contextualize the study? (Some disciplines include their literature review section as part of the introduction; some give the literature review its own heading on the same level as the other sections, i.e., ILMRAD.) Some writers use the CARS model to help craft their introductions more effectively.
• Methods: What methods did the researchers use? How was the study conducted? If the study included participants, who were they, and how were they selected?
• Results : This section lists the data. What did the researchers find as a result of their experiments (or, if the research is not experimental, what did the researchers learn from the study)? How were the research questions answered?
• Discussion : This section places the data within the larger conversation of the field. What might the results mean? Do these results agree or disagree with other literature cited? What should researchers do in the future?

Depending on your discipline, this may be exactly the structure you should use in your writing; or, it may be a base that you can see under the surface of published pieces in your field, which then diverge from the IMRAD structure to meet the expectations of other scholars in the field. However, you should always check to see what's expected of you in a given situation; this might mean talking to the professor for your class, looking at a journal's submission guidelines, reading your field's style manual, examining published examples, or asking a trusted mentor. Every field is a little different.

Outlining & Reverse Outlining

One of the most effective ways to get your ideas organized is to write an outline. A traditional outline comes as the pre-writing or drafting stage of the writing process. As you make your outline, think about all of the concepts, topics, and ideas you will need to include in order to accomplish your goal for the piece of writing. This may also include important citations and key terms. Write down each of these, and then consider what information readers will need to know in order for each point to make sense. Try to arrange your ideas in a way that logically progresses, building from one key idea or point to the next.

Questions for Writing Outlines

• What are the main points I am trying to make in this piece of writing?
• What background information will my readers need to understand each point? What will novice readers vs. experienced readers need to know?
• In what order do I want to present my ideas? Most important to least important, or least important to most important? Chronologically? Most complex to least complex? According to categories? Another order?

Reverse outlining comes at the drafting or revision stage of the writing process. After you have a complete draft of your project (or a section of your project), work alone or with a partner to read your project with the goal of understanding the main points you have made and the relationship of these points to one another. The OWL has another resource about reverse outlining here.

Questions for Writing Reverse Outlines

• What topics are covered in this piece of writing?
• In what order are the ideas presented? Is this order logical for both novice and experienced readers?
• Is adequate background information provided for each point, making it easy to understand how one idea leads to the next?
• What other points might the author include to further develop the writing project?

Organizing at the sentence and paragraph level

Signposting.

Signposting is the practice of using language specifically designed to help orient readers of your text. We call it signposting because this practice is like leaving road signs for a driver — it tells your reader where to go and what to expect up ahead. Signposting includes the use of transitional words and phrasing, and they may be explicit or more subtle. For example, an explicit signpost might say:

This section will cover Topic A­­ and Topic B­­­­­.

A more subtle signpost might look like this:

It's important to consider the impact of Topic A­­ and Topic B­­­­­.

The style of signpost you use will depend on the genre of your paper, the discipline in which you are writing, and your or your readers’ personal preferences. Regardless of the style of signpost you select, it’s important to include signposts regularly. They occur most frequently at the beginnings and endings of sections of your paper. It is often helpful to include signposts at mid-points in your project in order to remind readers of where you are in your argument.

Questions for Identifying and Evaluating Signposts

• How and where does the author include a phrase, sentence, or short group of sentences that explains the purpose and contents of the paper?
• How does each section of the paper provide a brief summary of what was covered earlier in the paper?
• How does each section of the paper explain what will be covered in that section?
• How does the author use transitional words and phrases to guide readers through ideas (e.g. however, in addition, similarly, nevertheless, another, while, because, first, second, next, then etc.)?

WORKS CONSULTED

Clark, I. (2006). Writing the successful thesis and dissertation: Entering the conversation . Prentice Hall Press.

Davis, M., Davis, K. J., & Dunagan, M. (2012). Scientific papers and presentations . Academic press.

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Traditional Academic Essays In Three Parts

Part i: the introduction.

An introduction is usually the first paragraph of your academic essay. If you’re writing a long essay, you might need 2 or 3 paragraphs to introduce your topic to your reader. A good introduction does 2 things:

• Gets the reader’s attention. You can get a reader’s attention by telling a story, providing a statistic, pointing out something strange or interesting, providing and discussing an interesting quote, etc. Be interesting and find some original angle via which to engage others in your topic.
• Provides a specific and debatable thesis statement. The thesis statement is usually just one sentence long, but it might be longer—even a whole paragraph—if the essay you’re writing is long. A good thesis statement makes a debatable point, meaning a point someone might disagree with and argue against. It also serves as a roadmap for what you argue in your paper.

Part II: The Body Paragraphs

Body paragraphs help you prove your thesis and move you along a compelling trajectory from your introduction to your conclusion. If your thesis is a simple one, you might not need a lot of body paragraphs to prove it. If it’s more complicated, you’ll need more body paragraphs. An easy way to remember the parts of a body paragraph is to think of them as the MEAT of your essay:

Main Idea. The part of a topic sentence that states the main idea of the body paragraph. All of the sentences in the paragraph connect to it. Keep in mind that main ideas are…

• like labels. They appear in the first sentence of the paragraph and tell your reader what’s inside the paragraph.
• arguable. They’re not statements of fact; they’re debatable points that you prove with evidence.
• focused. Make a specific point in each paragraph and then prove that point.

Evidence. The parts of a paragraph that prove the main idea. You might include different types of evidence in different sentences. Keep in mind that different disciplines have different ideas about what counts as evidence and they adhere to different citation styles. Examples of evidence include…

• quotations and/or paraphrases from sources.
• facts , e.g. statistics or findings from studies you’ve conducted.
• narratives and/or descriptions , e.g. of your own experiences.

Analysis. The parts of a paragraph that explain the evidence. Make sure you tie the evidence you provide back to the paragraph’s main idea. In other words, discuss the evidence.

Transition. The part of a paragraph that helps you move fluidly from the last paragraph. Transitions appear in topic sentences along with main ideas, and they look both backward and forward in order to help you connect your ideas for your reader. Don’t end paragraphs with transitions; start with them.

Keep in mind that MEAT does not occur in that order. The “ T ransition” and the “ M ain Idea” often combine to form the first sentence—the topic sentence—and then paragraphs contain multiple sentences of evidence and analysis. For example, a paragraph might look like this: TM. E. E. A. E. E. A. A.

Part III: The Conclusion

A conclusion is the last paragraph of your essay, or, if you’re writing a really long essay, you might need 2 or 3 paragraphs to conclude. A conclusion typically does one of two things—or, of course, it can do both:

• Summarizes the argument. Some instructors expect you not to say anything new in your conclusion. They just want you to restate your main points. Especially if you’ve made a long and complicated argument, it’s useful to restate your main points for your reader by the time you’ve gotten to your conclusion. If you opt to do so, keep in mind that you should use different language than you used in your introduction and your body paragraphs. The introduction and conclusion shouldn’t be the same.
• For example, your argument might be significant to studies of a certain time period .
• Alternately, it might be significant to a certain geographical region .
• Alternately still, it might influence how your readers think about the future . You might even opt to speculate about the future and/or call your readers to action in your conclusion.

Handout by Dr. Liliana Naydan. Do not reproduce without permission.

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• Introduction

Types of business associations

• Management and control of companies
• Modern trends

business organization

business organization , an entity formed for the purpose of carrying on commercial enterprise. Such an organization is predicated on systems of law governing contract and exchange, property rights , and incorporation.

Business enterprises customarily take one of three forms: individual proprietorships, partnerships , or limited-liability companies (or corporations). In the first form, a single person holds the entire operation as his personal property , usually managing it on a day-to-day basis. Most businesses are of this type. The second form, the partnership , may have from 2 to 50 or more members, as in the case of large law and accounting firms, brokerage houses, and advertising agencies. This form of business is owned by the partners themselves; they may receive varying shares of the profits depending on their investment or contribution. Whenever a member leaves or a new member is added, the firm must be reconstituted as a new partnership. The third form, the limited-liability company, or corporation , denotes incorporated groups of persons—that is, a number of persons considered as a legal entity (or fictive “person”) with property, powers, and liabilities separate from those of its members. This type of company is also legally separate from the individuals who work for it, whether they be shareholders or employees or both; it can enter into legal relations with them, make contracts with them, and sue and be sued by them. Most large industrial and commercial organizations are limited-liability companies.

This article deals primarily with the large private business organizations made up chiefly of partnerships and limited-liability companies—called collectively business associations. Some of the principles of operation included here also apply to large individually owned companies and to public enterprises.

Business associations have three distinct characteristics: (1) they have more than one member (at least when they are formed); (2) they have assets that are legally distinct from the private assets of the members; and (3) they have a formal system of management, which may or may not include members of the association.

The first feature, plurality of membership, distinguishes the business association from the business owned by one individual; the latter does not need to be regulated internally by law, because the single owner totally controls the assets. Because the single owner is personally liable for debts and obligations incurred in connection with the business, no special rules are needed to protect its creditors beyond the ordinary provisions of bankruptcy law.

The second feature, the possession of distinct assets (or a distinct patrimony), is required for two purposes: (1) to delimit the assets to which creditors of the association can resort to satisfy their claims (though in the case of some associations, such as the partnership, they can also compel the members to make good any deficiency) and (2) to make clear what assets the managers of the association may use to carry on business. The assets of an association are contributed directly or indirectly by its members—directly if a member transfers a personally owned business or property or investments to the association in return for a share in its capital, indirectly if a member’s share of capital is paid in cash and the association then uses that contribution and like contributions in cash made by other members to purchase a business, property, or investments.

The third essential feature, a system of management , varies greatly. In a simple form of business association the members who provide the assets are entitled to participate in the management unless otherwise agreed. In the more complex form of association, such as the company or corporation of the Anglo-American common-law countries, members have no immediate right to participate in the management of the association’s affairs; they are, however, legally entitled to appoint and dismiss the managers (known also as directors, presidents, or administrators), and their consent is legally required (if only pro forma) for major changes in the company’s structure or activities, such as reorganizations of its capital and mergers with other associations. The role of a member of a company or corporation is basically passive; a member is known as a shareholder or stockholder , the emphasis being placed on the individual’s investment function. The managers of a business association, however, do not in law comprise all of the persons who exercise discretion or make decisions. Even the senior executives of large corporations or companies may be merely employees, and, like manual or clerical workers, their legal relationship with the corporation is of no significance in considering the law governing the corporation. Whether an executive is a director, president, or administrator (an element in the company or corporation’s legal structure) depends on purely formal considerations; whether the executive is named as such in the document constituting the corporation or is subsequently appointed or elected to hold such an office, the person’s actual functions in running the corporation’s business and the amount of power or influence wielded are irrelevant. Nevertheless, for certain purposes, such as liability for defrauding creditors in English law and liability for deficiencies of assets in bankruptcy in French law , people who act as directors and participate in the management of the company’s affairs are treated as such even though they have not been formally appointed.

Essay on Organizational Culture

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Organizational Culture: Essay Introduction

Project management & organizational design, the importance of culture in an organization: formal management vs parent company, organizational culture: essay conclusion.

Culture in an organization refers to the values, beliefs, history and attitudes of a particular organization. Culture also refers to the ideals of an organization that dictate the way members of the organization relate to each other and to the outside environment.

An organization’s culture defines its values; the values of an organization refer to the ideology that the members of an organization have as pertains their goals and the mechanisms to be used to achieve these goals. The organization’s values map out the way employees are required to behave and relate to each other in the workplace (Allan, 2004).

There is a very important need to develop healthy cultures in all organizations whether they are religious, commercial or institutional. The culture of an organization determines how it is perceived both by its own employees and its stakeholders. The managers of an organization are said to be able to influence the culture of the organization. This can be done by the implementation of various policies that lead to a culture change.

Many organizations have two types of cultures, the culture that management wants to enforce and a culture that dictates the relationships of the employees among each other. Many institutions have been found to have a persistent and hidden culture among the employees. This is the biggest task to organizational management; how to replace the employee culture with the desired culture (Young, 2007).

There are two types of culture; namely strong culture and weak culture. Strong culture is whereby the actions and beliefs of the employees are guided by the values of the company. Such a culture ensures smooth and efficient flow of an organization’s activities. Strong cultures result in successful and united organizations.

Weak culture on the other hand refers to instances where the activities of the employees are not guided by the values of the company. A weak culture results in the need for a strict administration that is bureaucratic so as to ensure that the company’s activities flow well. Weak cultures result in increased overheads and under motivated employees.

Fig. 1: Organization culture (Burke, 1999).

There are five dimensions of an organization’s culture namely power distance, risk taking tendencies, gender issues and employee psychology. The power distance aspect refers to the mentality among the employees on who wields more power and how much power they wield.

This will vary among organizations as some have more powerful managers as compared to others. Risk taking tendencies refers to the willingness of the employees and the organization to take risks in an attempt to grow and improve (Jack et al, 2003). Employee psychology on the other hand is an aspect that covers issues such as individualism and collectiveness mentalities in an organization. Companies that have a collective psychology have been found to work and do well as compared to individualistic ones.

The individualistic psychology has been found to cause a lack of coordination and flow of activities in organizations. Lastly the gender dimension refers to the mentality of an organization’s employees towards members of the male and female genders. Companies that view women as weaker and disadvantaged sexes have been found to discriminate among each other and result in a reduction of the employee cooperation levels (Jack et al, 2003).

There are four types of cultures in modern day organizations, role cultures, power cultures, person cultures and task cultures. Role cultures exist in organized and systematic organizations where the amount of power that an employee has is determined by the need that they fulfill in the organization.

Power cultures are those that have a few powerful individuals who are required to drive and direct the rest of the organization. Person cultures are cultures that exist when an organization’s employees feel superior to the company; this is a common culture in most law firms and firms that are formed by individual professionals who merge with others to form organizations. A tasks culture is a culture that is geared towards accomplishing tasks and doing things.

It is very important to understand the culture of an organization so as to enable an organization to map out the type of management that suits it. Culture as mentioned, is the accepted standard in which the employees of an organization relate to each other and to the stakeholders.

There are several factors that affect the culture of an organization. These include technological exposure, environmental conditions, geographical situation, organizational rules and procedures and influence of organizational peers on a subject. Such factors affect the culture of an organization and in the long run its management structure (Johnstone et al, 2002).

Organizational cultures can have both positive and negative effects on the organization. Negative and unwanted cultures are those that oppose change in an organization. These cultures have the tendency of inhibiting the innovation and implementation of change in an organization. Therefore the understanding of an organization’s culture can be used to determine:

• Why certain projects of the organization have failed or are failing
• Aspects of the culture that hinder innovation and change
• What needs to corrected so as to improve how the organization operates
• The origin of certain culture within an organization
• Measures that can be taken so as to introduce new culture or improve on the current culture

An in depth understanding of an organization’s culture is important so as to allow project managers and other managers to affect the mode in which activities are carried out. To influence the performance of the organization an understanding of its cultures is very necessary so as it enables the management to filter its employees and choose performers from non performers (Johnstone et al, 2002).

The proper understanding of organizational culture and its use in deciding a suitable management structure cannot be stressed further. The success of a project depends on how it is managed. There are three major types of project management namely; project, functional and matrix management structures.

Functional management refers to the type of management that focuses on specialty areas and skills. The departments and responsibilities are determined by the skills of the members. There is vertical and horizontal communication between the departments. To allow operation of all arms of the organization bureaucratic means are used so as to ensure smooth flow of the business.

This type of management tends to reduce operational costs and encourage the specialization of labour. Specialization in turn leads to better efficiency and standardization of activities. Disadvantages of the functional approach include the integration of budgets, operational plans and procedures into the project activities making it cumbersome to implement (Kloppenborg, 2009).

Fig.1: Functional project management (Young, 2007).

Project based organization on the other hand is whereby the activities of a company are organized according to its ongoing projects. This type of management is based on the objectivity principle that emphasizes the importance of solid objectives in improving the efficiency of an organization’s processes.

This principle is used in scenarios that require the efficient management of projects that involve activities from different disciplines e.g. medicine, engineering, law.

The advantages of such management techniques include the fact that power and responsibility is decentralized and is carried out by managers of different teams. Such a management technique also allows for the proper utilization of time, leads to reduced cost and enhanced quality levels. Such a management technique is suitable for certain company profiles and cultures, for example:

• Management of large projects and organizations that require the delegation of responsibilities
• Situations with restricted cost and specification parameters
• Situations that require the coordination and completion of projects from different but interrelated disciplines
• In cultures that value responsibility and accountability of ones actions / decisions
• Cultures that encourage communication among all management levels

Fig. 2: Example of a project based management (Allan, 2004).

The project based management structure also faces a few limitations like any other structure. Limitations include the inability of a project manager to mobilize all the resources of a company as he has direct control of only what falls under his area of specialty. Employees and managers of such projects have been found to become slack towards the termination of projects due to the fear of losing their jobs once their projects have been completed (Kloppenborg, 2009).

Due to the limitations of both the operational and functional management structures the matrix was developed. This structure combines both structures to form a hybrid structure. In this type of structure there are two types of managers, namely functional and operational who work together in the same system.

The functional managers are responsible for the distribution of resources in their specialty departments and the operational managers coordinate and manage the activities of their departments. The functional managers are also responsible for overseeing all the technical decisions that fall under their departments.

This method of management has its advantages such as: the project manager oversees all activities that fall under his department. He has all authority and power and thus this eliminates the wastage of time as a result of quarrels and conflicts among the top levels of an organization.

Secondly the manager is able to use organization resources in facilitating the execution of the intended goals and objectives of the company. Disadvantages include the conflicts and coercion between project managers and functional managers that is bound to occur in such a setting. This kind of relationship has an eventual effect on employee motivation as it often results in the demoralization of employees (Young, 2007).

Fig. 3: Matrix management structure (Burke, 1999)

There are various factors that are considered when choosing the management structure of a project. These include the type of activities to be carried out, their importance / order of priority, the human skill required, the amount of time needed and the resources that are required to accomplish the set targets.

Situations that require extensive cooperation and interaction of the functions of an organization require matrix types of management. However there is no optimum type of organization and the organization must strive to come up with solutions to its unique needs and situations.

For a project to be well managed a healthy culture of communication must be developed. Communication theories propose that the project manager should always be like the hub of a bicycle. This means that the project manager acts as a focal point through which suggestions and results are received from various stakeholders.

The project manager also acts as the supporting point for the communication wheel. It is therefore very important for project managers to assist in maintaining a good communicative culture within the organization (Burke, 1999).

Factors such as nature of businesses in which the organization is in, size of projects and type of projects will also have a strong impact on the type of management structure that an organization may use.

Formal management has an overall effect on the operations of an organization. The type of management that an organization has ultimately affects how its activities are carried out. Formal management is important in an organization as it serves as a foundation on which an organization’s goals and principles are guided. There are various guidelines that dictate the behavior and characters of managers in formal systems.

Managers in formal managements are required to have high integrity / moral standards, should be an effective communicators and listeners of others. Managers serve as the basis through which a formal management system is enforced. The project manager should also relate well with people.

He should have the ability to motivate and influence his workers positively. The project manager is also bestowed with the responsibility of ensuring that all aspects and stakeholders of a project work together for the common good of the organization. The manager is also responsible for setting time frames and ensuring that the project adheres to the set schedules.

This serves the purpose of ensuring that there is timely flow of an organization’s activities. Project managers are also required to make assessment of risks that could affect a project and try to manage the risks. In summary, project managers make up the backbone of any formal project management system and the performance of any project depends on the managers themselves (Burke, 1999).

There are three distinct characteristics that define a formal management structure; formality, the presence of groupings and the implementation of various systems. There exist rules and regulations that govern the relationships of the members of the organization. These rules also guide the reporting mechanisms of the members and the responsibilities / power which each member holds. These rules and regulations form the basis of all relationships and activities within the organization.

Formal organizations also group their members into teams and taskforces that are designed to suit various needs within the organization. For example accountants will usually be grouped together, designers with fellow designers and so forth. The groupings form departments and many departments form the organization.

However formal management has been said to be a very rigid mechanism by which an organization / project should be kept in check. This is because failure on the part of the managers would result in the total collapse of the organization. This is because managers are expected to provide guidance, direction and ensure that all members perform their duties.

Culture on the other hand is a better driver as it does not need to be enforced by anyone. Culture is self driven and once the members of an organization have adopted a desirable culture they will conduct themselves in accord to the culture without being supervised by a manager (Johnstone et al 2002).

Culture is also a better means of ensuring that a project is completed as it allows people to go out of the set boundaries and make innovations. Culture driven projects are better as they allow for unified and independent thinking at the same time. Whereas a formal management structure relies on the manager to make decisions a culture driven project accepts all decisions as long as they fall under the culture boundaries of the organization.

Formal management structures are slow and time consuming. This is because all major decisions and control is dependent on the managers. This leads to a very slow decision making process as the managers have to receive reports from members, deliberate on the reports and then give their recommendations. In cases where the manager is slow or is not presence this hinders the further development of the project (Young, 2007).

Many organizations that employ the formal type of management usually group their employees into departments. The departments are usually made up of people with common skills and areas of expertise. However such departmental setups hinder the exchange and sharing of ideas between people of different areas of expertise.

Due to the formal setup members from different departments lack a common factor that would enhance cooperation between the departments. This leads to poor coordination between the departments. In culture driven organizations, the members are unified by the common culture and this enhances the cooperation levels of the employees. Culture driven projects are therefore much more organized and have a better flow of activities as compared to formal projects (Kloppenborg, 2009).

Formal management of projects requires the mapping out and development of clear cut systems that will ensure the smooth flow of the project. These systems are essential in ensuring efficient execution of the project and its activities. Culture driven projects however do not need such a system so as to run smoothly. The culture itself forms a dynamic system through which all the activities are executed effectively.

Strategic management is a major component of formal management systems. It involves the science and methodologies of formulating cross functional parameters that enable an organization to achieve its objectives. Strategic management involves the development of missions and visions, mapping out of objectives and the making of critical decisions for the company (Allan, 2004).

Projects in formal management are stepping stones on which a firm uses to achieve its goals and objectives. The project development processes of a firm are driven by its strategic development goals and objectives. Examples of strategic elements include mission, objective, goals, programs and workable strategies.

Formal management is however beneficial as it promotes proper and sober decision making as compared to culture based management. This is because decision making and planning activities in a formal management are usually done after careful consideration and assessment. Culture based management is however prone to errors and misguided actions due inadequate consideration and thinking.

From the study it is evident that culture is an important aspect of any organization. Culture has been found to affect the behavioral attitudes of a company’s employees and the manner through which these attitudes are manifested. The strong impacts of culture have resulted in the need for managers to find ways to affect the culture of their employees and of the work places.

By influencing the culture of an organization the managers are therefore able to influence the way the organization operates. Culture is an unsaid norm which the members of an organization abide to (Jack et al, 2003).

Organizations implement different types of organization structures. The type of organization structure implemented depends on the size and project characteristics. The type of project management has an effect on the eventual delivery of the project. The study has shown that there is no perfect method of management.

Managers of projects are therefore required to assess and identify the appropriate structure for their specific conditions. Project management structures have a great effect on the quality and effectiveness of the organization’s activities (Allan, 2004).

The study has brought to light the importance of proper culture in an organization. Culture has been found to be a better determinant of employee behavior as compared to formal management. Formal management is dependent on the enforcement of those in authority / wield power.

Culture on the other hand is enforced by the members themselves as they are part and pertinent of the culture. Formal management has also been found to be excessively bureaucratic and procedural and thus its implementation is rather cumbersome and expensive. Culture has therefore been found as the most appropriate way of managing a project.

Allan, B., 2004. Project Management: tools and techniques for today’s ILS professional. London: Facet Publishing.

Ashish, D., 2010. Project management Module. Hull: University of Hull.

Burke, R., 1999. Project Management, Planning and control Techniques. Chichester: Wiley.

Jack, M. & Mentel, S., 2003. Project Management: A Managerial Approach. New Jersey: Wiley and Sons.

Johnston, R. Chambers, S. & Slack, N., 2002. Operations management . Essex: Pearson Publishers.

Kloppenborg, T., 2009. Project management A Contemporary. Chicago: Xavier University.

Young, T., 2007. The Handbook of Project Management, A practical Guide to Effective Policies and Procedures . Washington: Kogan Page publishers.

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Ownr Blog  > Magazine  > Strategy & Insights  > Branding & Marketing  > Small Business Introduction Examples

Small Business Introduction Examples

As a business owner, it’s important to be able to communicate your brand’s story in a way that’s compelling, clear, and concise. You know all the little details about your business, and you could probably talk about them for hours. However, when introducing your business, you usually need to capture your audience’s attention quickly and effectively, all while getting across the key messages you want to impart. 

As the person who spends the most time working on the various aspects of your enterprise, it can be challenging to distill what you want to say into an effective introduction. By taking a bit of time to craft a powerful and unforgettable introduction now, you’ll be grateful the next time the opportunity to talk or write about your business comes up. 

• How do you introduce a small business?

The ideal way to introduce your small business will vary depending on the situation and the audience, but the tips we’ll discuss here can all be tailored to your unique situation. 

• In your “About” page

One of the most common places for business owners to introduce their business is in the “About Us” page of their website. This page can sometimes be created as an afterthought, but depending on what kind of business you’re in, it can be one of the first pages potential customers visit to find out if they want to buy your product or work with you.

You don’t want them to find a huge wall of text with a bunch of information they don’t care about. Instead, you want them to leave feeling like they can trust you, clearly know what you offer, and understand your brand personality. 

• In your introductory emails 

What we used to refer to as cold calling now takes place mostly over email. No matter what your business is, it’s likely you’ll find yourself introducing your company to business prospects by emailing them directly. People are busy and receive lots of emails each day, so a snappy, compelling introduction is key to not having your emails ignored. 

It’s much easier to delete an email without responding to it than it is to hang up on someone who calls you, so crafting an irresistible introduction that leaves your prospects certain they want to know more about your business is well worth the effort.

You can also weave elements of your brand story into the rest of your email marketing , reminding your audience what makes your company unique. 

• When networking  

Whether you’re attending a formal networking event or you happen to be asked about your business at a dinner party, being able to deliver an effective elevator pitch introduction about what you do is a great skill. You never know where the next great opportunity may come from, and you don’t want to bore people with unnecessary details.

These aren’t the only situations in which you’ll have to introduce your business, but they are some of the most common ones. If you have a go-to introduction that you can use on your About page, in introductory emails, and when you’re in networking situations, you should feel confident presenting your business in just about any situation. Here are some examples of how to ace your next business introduction.

• 1. Tell your unique story

It’s much easier to remember a story than a basic description of your business activities. Stories have an emotional resonance that makes them very effective for helping people remember what’s special about your business over all the others that may offer similar products or services. This makes it more compelling for customers to buy from you. 

• Be authentic

If you get carried away crafting a brand or business story that seems over-the-top or too self serving, your audience will pick up on this. Aim to be authentic and truthful; your story doesn’t have to be full of far-fetched twists and turns to be compelling. It’s enough to be relatable and present the human side of your business. 

For example, if you began your career in another line of work and unexpectedly ended up starting your current business, there could be an interesting and authentic story there about what motivated you to make the switch. If your business started in your parent’s basement and now you have a location of your own, share a detail or two about those days. 

• Be consistent

Your unique story shouldn’t be a novel. It should be easy to tell concisely, and be made up of key details that are relevant to the overall impression you want to project about your business. By keeping it relatively brief, you can also ensure consistency. If your story shifts depending on your audience, those who catch the inconsistencies may find your business untrustworthy or unreliable. 

• Involve your customers

If it makes sense to include your customers in your storytelling, sharing some of the ways your business has positively impacted them can be a powerful way to demonstrate the uniqueness of your business. Just make sure you get their permission before sharing anything that might be considered personal. When there is doubt, it’s always better to be safe than sorry and simply ask. Many happy customers will jump at the chance to help a company they love.

•  2. Be honest with your target audience

When introducing your small business, honesty is essential. If you over-inflate or misrepresent what you’re about, it will catch up with you eventually. It’s important to have respect for your customer and target audience and to make sure your introduction, while presenting your business in the best possible light, is truthful. 

By establishing trust with your target audience through honest communication, you’re more likely to have satisfied customers whose experiences are aligned with the expectations they had based on your brand story or business introduction. 

• Know your value proposition

Having a clear value proposition is important not only in terms of guiding your business communications, but also in terms of helping you make decisions in your business. If you know what your value proposition is, you can regularly check in with yourself to ensure that your business activities support of your value proposition

When introducing your small business, sharing this value proposition is an effective way to let your audience know exactly what you’re about and what they can expect from you. Your value proposition can take the following form:

We help [target audience] with [target audience’s objective] through [add your unique selling proposition].

• Focus on your audience

It’s only human to talk about ourselves, but if you want to effectively introduce your business, it’s best to focus on your audience rather than on yourself. Consider what information is valuable to them. They may not be particularly interested to know about all your achievements, awards, and business milestones. Instead, they want to know what you can do for them. 

Your introduction should be written with your target audience or ideal buyer persona in mind. Put yourself in their position and consider what their problems are that your business can solve, then make sure your introduction communicates how you will help them. 

• 3. Use humour (if possible)

Injecting some humour, if it’s appropriate, can be an effective strategy when introducing your business. Even if your business is in a profession that most people think of as stuffy and serious rather than lighthearted, a bit of humour can help to humanize your brand and make it seem more approachable. 

For example, consider an accounting small business. Dealing with bookkeeping and tax season causes stress for many. Accounting and taxes are serious subjects, and people hiring accountants want to make sure those accountants are properly trained, competent, and fair. However, a little bit of humour could still be an effective component of an accounting business’ brand story.

By adding some humour to their website copy and About Page that references the stress that typically accompanies tax season, an accounting small business can show potential customers they really understand their pain points. At the same time, this humour humanizes the brand and puts their audience at ease. 

Get creative when thinking about how you can use a bit of humour in your own brand story. You don’t have to go overboard with it, but injecting a lighthearted, human voice into your story can be an effective technique for making your business both memorable and approachable. 

• 4. Use clear language and avoid business jargon

New buzzwords seem to emerge every year, and it can be tempting to use them when describing your own business in order to sound current. However, business jargon tends to lose its meaning very quickly. For example, “disruptive” may have once been a trendy term, but at this point, so many businesses claim to be disrupting their industries that it doesn’t really communicate anything meaningful. 

When introducing your small business, aim to be clear and concise. Your goal is to help your target audience understand exactly what you’re about and how you can help solve their problems. Business jargon can come off as self-aggrandizing rather than approachable, which doesn’t best serve your target audience. 

This doesn’t mean your language shouldn’t be polished and professional. You can maintain a professional voice while sticking to clear, easy-to-understand language. This is true even when you’re writing a business introduction for a professional audience, such as the executive summary portion of your business plan . Those reading your business plan are even more likely to be familiar with overused business jargon, and will appreciate a clear, well-crafted introduction that tells them exactly what they need to know about your business. 

It’s normal for buzzwords to find their way into your writing, but make a point of looking for those words and replacing them with clearer alternatives when you proofread.

• 5. Make it loveable

You can probably think of a few brands that have adoring fans even if they offer a product or service plenty of other brands also offer. If you want to tap into the technique that makes those types of brands stand out, think about how you can tell your story in a way that makes it lovable and humanized. 

Take a brand like Starbucks, for example. There’s no shortage of other places to pick up a morning coffee, but they have many customers who are extremely loyal to their brand. Their product and in-store atmosphere may be part of the reason why, but they also take every opportunity to introduce their business in a way that adds a human dimension to a huge, multinational corporation. 

They achieve this by talking about aspects of their business like their commitment to fair trade practices and their roots in Seattle, a city known for its unique coffee culture. They also showcase the people behind their brand, adding a human face to their enterprise.

While they’re a huge company, you can apply the same techniques to make your brand more lovable. When introducing your small business, whether it’s on your website, in a writeup on a local blog, or in person at a networking event, consider ways of injecting some personality into your story and giving your audience a reason to care about your business. 

The voice and tone you use when writing your business introductions, website copy, product descriptions , and any other communications representing your brand can also go a long way in making your business more lovable. When typing something on a screen, it can be easy to start sounding robotic. Read your copy out loud to yourself and make sure you’re writing in a natural, human voice.

Your business introduction is often your first chance to capture your audience’s attention and let them know exactly why you’re the right choice for them. It’s an opportunity to show them not only that you can solve their problem by providing the perfect product or most reliable service, but also that you’ll make their life easier and more enjoyable.

Your introduction should be a reflection of the rest of your brand, as well as true to your voice and mission. Having a go-to introduction that you can repurpose whenever you’re given the chance to talk about your business will help you make the most of every opportunity that comes your way.

This article offers general information only, is current as of the date of publication, and is not intended as legal, financial or other professional advice. A professional advisor should be consulted regarding your specific situation. While the information presented is believed to be factual and current, its accuracy is not guaranteed and it should not be regarded as a complete analysis of the subjects discussed. All expressions of opinion reflect the judgment of the author(s) as of the date of publication and are subject to change. No endorsement of any third parties or their advice, opinions, information, products or services is expressly given or implied by RBC Ventures Inc. or its affiliates.

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Understanding Business Organisations

This essay evaluates business organisations and their environment. According to the study by Möller, Nenonen and Storbacka (2020), businesses operate in environments that require strategic approaches to succeed. This can only happen when a business organisation understands its functions and operational strategies that can make it become competitive and achieve its goals and objectives. To do this, business managers or owners need knowledge in areas such as business types, business structures, business functions, and organisational cultures. Therefore, this essay evaluates these areas by giving industry examples.

A business must affiliate with its type. This affiliation is important because it helps to identify its registration, taxation, the number of employees and resources it can acquire, as well as its relationship with stakeholders (Shireesh and Kumar, 2018). Among the serious businesses existing in the United Kingdom (UK) today, there is a partnership. This business type can be described as a business where people – two or more come together to start a business (Rahman and Ghadas, 2018). They, therefore, contribute resources in terms of business capital and expertise. After this happens, they formulate an article of association that spells out things such as shareholding and responsibilities. A partnership has advantages like amassing huge capital to run the business and expertise, unlike the sole trader where only one person is involved. The disadvantages may come in at the time of insolvency because the personal property of the partners may be sold to pay debtors (Saussier and De Brux, 2018). The second business type is a joined venture. This is a type of business where two or more companies join their resources to operate in an industry or a number of them (Nippa and Reuer, 2019). The advantage includes amassing expertise and resources from different companies. However, sometimes the two or more companies may fail to cooperate in the long run. The example includes BHP Billiton. The other type of business is a limited liability company. As the name suggests, it is a type of business formed under the UK Companies Act. It is made up of shareholders as the owners, and directors manage on their behalf. The advantage is that it can access huge loans from banks and other lenders because it operates as a person. However, the disadvantage is that a limited liability company in case of insolvency, the shareholders may end up losing their investment because it is the debtors who are supposed to be paid first.

When a business makes a decision about the type of business to run as a typical determination of the business outlook, what may follow is the determination of a business structure. A business structure denotes the functional areas, relationships and coordination that has to happen in its operational aspects, and this requires a fundamental strategy to manage (Stverkova and Pohludka, 2018). Therefore, there are two types of business structures to be discussed here. The first is a tall business structure. This entails a business having departments and leaders within it where hierarchy in terms of operations and chain of command is preferred (Jaupaj and Jaupaj, 2021). Tesco is a company in the UK that has this kind of business structure. Given that it has numerous stores in many parts of the world, it prefers to use the tall business structure to have different leadership levels in charge of different stores and departments. The second business structure is flat. This entails a business having a horizontal form of hierarchy, wherein in some instances, there is no hierarchy at all (Clement, 2019). An example of such a business is Google Inc. there exists similarities and differences between the tall and flat business structures. For instance, both of them are structures of management and they must have people in charge of different positions. However, the difference is that as the tall business structure has a high level of internal command, the flat structure does not have a chain of command is employees and managers alike exercise freedom of expression and decision-making. Therefore, the selection of whether a business should use tall or flat structures is based on the focus the owners have concerning outcomes they want out of it. However, the study by Clement (2019) shows that businesses with flat organisational structure tend to be preferred and are progressive in the current business environment

Regardless of the type of business structure that a company can choose, it must have functional areas. Business functions denote the various areas of operations and coordination of departments to make it operate smoothly (Ellis, Zucker and Randall, 2018). For a typical business, one of the functions is operations. This function deals with carrying out numerous activities in an organisation geared towards achieving the goals and objectives (Heines et al., 2021). By doing so, the operations functions tend to oversee the daily running of the business. However, to succeed in doing so, a business requires the second set of functions, which is human resource management (HRM). A business HRM function is of great importance for a business. For instance, a business is made up of many functional areas which require people who are qualified. Therefore, the role of HRM functions is to source for, recruit, select, orient, and allocate employees to different departments and business function areas (Heines et al., 2021). This is to say that a business requires the HRM functions to supply qualified human capital that can enable it to achieve the desired operational areas. Apart from this, there is the production function. They may function of this area in a business is to turn raw materials into finished goods for manufacturing companies (Gorbunov and Lvov, 2021). It thus works closely with operations function to facilitate carrying out of small activities that amount to the overall performance of an organisation. Even amidst this, the HRM function is needed, to supply experts and labourers to the production process. An example of a company that utilises such functions is Aston Martin. The company’s HRM is responsible for supplying engineers, managers and accountants to the company. The operations functions oversee that different activities take place as required. Then, the production part of it deals with turning raw materials into components, then assembling the components to create the final product that is sent to the customers to buy.

A business requires having a trend through which it carries out its activities. Of importance is how such a trend helps in bringing together employees, creates harmony among them, facilitates cooperation in relationships, hence motivating them to improve in their performance ( ). For a business to do this, it requires organisational culture. This is an assortment of mutually accepted beliefs, norms, and values (Carvalho et al., 2019). Having these things is helpful to a business because organisational culture can be used as employees motivational tool. For instance, a strong organisational culture fosters employee cooperation, making them coordinate, work in teams, help one another, and eliminate challenges brought about by demographic challenges (Odor, 2018). For example, a company like Google has a culture where employees are given the opportunity to collaborate towards creating innovations and creativity. This provides such a company with opportunities that foster organisational growth. Therefore, the second role of a strong organisational culture is the creation of a competitive advantage (Szydło and Grześ-Bukłaho, 2020). For instance, based on the VRIO model, rarity and imitability are significant areas of an organisation to attain competitive advantage (Lopes et al., 2018). This means that when an organisation has a strong organisational culture, employees derive characteristics that are rare and cannot be copied by competitors. a company that has attained such heights of strong organisational culture is Zappos. The company ensures that it starts with observation of its organisational culture right from recruitment of employees. For instance, every job candidate at Zappos starts the process with a culture-fit interview. It is through passing such an interview those other forms of interviews follow. This means that Zappos cultivates its organisational culture by getting employees in the company who agree to the culture.

To conclude, this essay has discussed businesses and their organisational environments. The discussion started with the identification of different types of businesses. The identified ones include partnerships, joint ventures, and limited liability companies. These businesses have varying levels of resource accumulation and legal aspects in managing them. The second area discussed is business structures. Two types were discussed. They include a tall business structure that is based on hierarchy in an organisation. The second one is a flat structure, which is not dependent on hierarchy, but leaders and followers share similar platforms. After this, the essay discussed business function areas. Here, HRM, operational, and production functions were identified. It was also inferred that the HRM function is responsible for the success of the other two because it has to supply them with the required talent of human capital. Afterwards, the essay discussed the organisational culture. As norms, beliefs and values within an organisation, it has been identified that it can help to motivate employees and create a competitive advantage for an organisation.

Carvalho, A. M., Sampaio, P., Rebentisch, E., Carvalho, J. Á., and Saraiva, P. (2019)  Operational excellence, organisational culture and agility: the missing link? . Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 30(13-14), 1495-1514.

Clement, F. H. (2019)  Tall or Flat? Examining The Relationship Between Organizational Structure and Turnover Intention  (Doctoral dissertation, Azusa Pacific University).

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Introduction to Business

(12 reviews)

Lawrence J. Gitman

Carl McDaniel

Monique Reece

Linda Koffel

Bethann Talsma

James C. Hyatt

Copyright Year: 2018

ISBN 13: 9781947172555

Publisher: OpenStax

Language: English

Formats Available

Conditions of use.

Learn more about reviews.

Reviewed by Melissa Polen, Instructor, Rogue Community College on 8/23/23

This textbook covers a lot of material, which is great for an introductory course! I do wish there was more information on the various sections within a business plan though. read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 4 see less

This textbook covers a lot of material, which is great for an introductory course! I do wish there was more information on the various sections within a business plan though.

Content Accuracy rating: 5

After reviewing the errata list, I have found that many of the reported errors were correct. Additionally, after reviewing the textbook myself, I found the information to be accurate.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 4

While this textbook was written in 2018, it was last updated in 2023. The content presented seems up-to-date, providing students with real-world examples that are relevant to their coursework. I think there will always be room for updates, especially around management and including information from the past few years of the pandemic.

Clarity rating: 5

All content is clearly written.

Consistency rating: 5

The layout of the chapters are clear and easy-to-understand. The various tables and figures throughout each chapter are extremely helpful to visualize the information.

Modularity rating: 5

I found this textbook very easy to work with!

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 5

When reviewing the table of contents, I found the topics to be a logical order.

Interface rating: 5

I have had no issues with viewing this book online in a variety of formats.

Grammatical Errors rating: 5

No issues to report.

Cultural Relevance rating: 4

I believe the textbook was well diversified throughout. I think this is another area that will continue to evolve as it is updated.

I have really enjoyed this textbook and looking forward to using other textbooks from OpenStax.

Reviewed by Zachary Ward, Assistant Professor of Health Administration, University of Southern Indiana on 4/18/22

This book does a fantastic job of covering every possible aspect of business (from finance to labor management, to technology, and so forth) in a very concise and succinct way. read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 5 see less

This book does a fantastic job of covering every possible aspect of business (from finance to labor management, to technology, and so forth) in a very concise and succinct way.

To my knowledge, this text does not contain any gross errors. The authors do a great job or presenting content in a way that appears to be free of bias.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 5

This text serves as an introductory text for business. With that said, there’s not too many areas, as far as foundational principles are concerned, that become “out of date”. However, the structure of the book is such that updating areas would be easy to implement.

Each chapter contains a “key terms” section where terms from each chapter are defined. Further, this text is written in a way that flows well and is easily understandable to the lay person.

Each chapter in the text follows the same basic outline. There is an introduction that sets the stage for the major concept(s) that will be discussed in the chapter. Additionally, each chapter opens with learning outcomes listed.

Each chapter is divided into smaller sections, which makes the chapters more reader and learner friendly. The online version of the text is designed in a way that each module in the chapter is on one page, which ends needless scrolling for information. Further, the study guide that’s available for each chapter is very useful, too.

There is an obvious flow within the text. The first chapter lays out the principles of business. From there, the text progresses from ethics to marketplace to structure to strategies to finance.

I have not found any interface issues in the online version of the text (which is what I prefer to use).

From my use of the text, I have not found any gross errors from a grammar perspective.

Cultural Relevance rating: 5

In my reading/review/use of this text, I have not encountered any cases where there was an issue of the text being insensitive or offensive in any way.

Reviewed by Mark Elton, Senior Instructor of Marketing, Western Oregon University on 3/7/22

Intro to business is a survey course and quickly covers a multitude of topics; breadth not depth is the main goal. This book does a good job of briefly touching on the salient points. read more

Intro to business is a survey course and quickly covers a multitude of topics; breadth not depth is the main goal. This book does a good job of briefly touching on the salient points.

I have used the book for multiple terms now and have not found any major errors in the information presented.

The general concepts of business don't change very much over time. The case studies and examples are constantly changing. There is always the next big thing as well. The textbook does a good job of keeping the information basic and evergreen. I ask the students to provide more up to date examples and talk about the latest trends.

Very straight forward. Easy to read and digest.

Each chapter is the same with an opening story that illustrates some major ideas of the chapters and allows the instructor to refer back to it throughout the discussion.

Each chapter is a new theme or aspect of business and can be presented independently, skipped or expanded upon.

The flow has worked well for me.

Interface rating: 3

I prefer a printed textbook. I don't like the PDF

Not really sure if there are no errors or not. I didn't see any and grammar and usage errors usually jump of the page.

I did not find the text to be insensitive or offensive in any way.

This book has served me well.

Reviewed by Doreen Lawrence, Adjunct Professor, Cape Cod Community College on 6/26/21

This text does an excellent job covering the basic concepts of an Introduction to Business course. The features of the text are especially relevant with up-to-date examples of what’s happening in today’s organizations, ethical issues to make... read more

This text does an excellent job covering the basic concepts of an Introduction to Business course. The features of the text are especially relevant with up-to-date examples of what’s happening in today’s organizations, ethical issues to make students think, and critical thinking questions for lively discussions. Each chapter begins with Learning Outcomes, and ends with a review of the Learning Outcomes.

The text is accurate, with no errors found.

The text is up-to-date, with highly relevant materials. The text provides students with several features to help with the understanding of course materials. There are several features, and one of them is, Ethics in Practice, which is especially relevant in an introduction to business course. There is another section on Expanding Around the Globe, which helps students understand our global economy, and the reliance we have on one another around the world. There are several other features that add richness to the course. These examples should be updated on a regular basis to remain current.

The clarity of the text is clear, concise, and well suited for early college use. Students will learn new terminology throughout each chapter, with definitions and a glossary at the end of each chapter.

Pages are laid out in an easy-to-read manner.

You do not have to follow the order of the text. Chapters can be presented in a different sequence. The chapters are sectioned and summarized, for ease of modular use.

The text follows a logical approach in the order of topics, similar to other Introduction to Business textbooks.

There were no interface issues. Navigating from one page to another, or from one chapter to the glossary was done with ease. The photos used were clear and relevant; however, I feel there could have been more photos used.

No grammatical errors were found.

The text was culturally appropriate with no biases.

The text gives professors information, tips, case studies, in-text videos, ethics activities, and other experiential activities needed for an interesting, informative and lively course. The materials were enough to keep my 3-hour class fully engaged with various activities that tied into the concepts for each chapter. The students enjoyed using the text because of the easy-to-read layout, the easy online navigation, and most of all students appreciated the fact that the text was free. Students were given detailed instructions on how to download the text. Professors were given Guided Lecture Notes; Instructor Manual; Test Bank; Video Guide; and Power Points for each chapter. If I had to change one thing, it would be the content of the Power Points. Most of the power points had Concept Check discussion questions. I would have liked to see more information about the concepts covered, along with illustrations. The authors did state that their power points was a starting point for instructors to build their lectures. Overall, I successfully used this text in the past, and plan on using it again next semester.

Reviewed by Jon-Michael Kowertz, Adjunct Professor, Portland Community College on 6/14/21

For an “Intro” book, all and all very through and comprehensive book covering the basic fundamentals of the business world. read more

For an “Intro” book, all and all very through and comprehensive book covering the basic fundamentals of the business world.

I did not find any errors in the chapters that I scanned.

The challenge with any books, especially business books with the need and importance to include relevant and real-life examples and case studies. Unfortunately, all of those stories are short-lived and perishable until the next big story makes them obsolete and stall.

Basic use of business language, vocabulary and terminology is used throughout and builds upon each, reinforces importance for future business classes as to be expected from an Intro to Business book for first year and second year students with little to no business background.

The chapter’s content is laid out with consistency throughout the book, following the same and similar format: Introduction, Concept Checks, Catching the Entrepreneurial Spirit, Managing Change, Key Terms and End of Chapter exercise and resources.

Modularity rating: 4

It does not appear that the book is set-up using a modular approach or using sections to breakdown the 17 chapters in 4-5 broad sections or modules. Consider using a common modular format that include Business Basics, Marketing, Operations and Finance.

The books organization and structure flows nicely with little changes will be required for my four modular-approach to implement into a 10 week term.

The book’s interface is a little clumsy using the PDF reader. I like some of the other publisher’s reading platforms. I do like the highlighting feature and would prefer a snippet tool. I should probably download Acrobat Pro DC to get more robust features of the book’s interface.

I’m not an English major or editing expert lol but nothing jumped out at me as being grammatically incorrect.

The text is not culturally insensitive or offensive in any way. It should make use of examples that are inclusive of a variety of races, ethnicities, and backgrounds. Great question, this is always going to be a sensitive concern. As with most books there will always be shortcoming is providing meaningful cultural relevance.

A little text heavy without many pictures. Or pictures of people (with smiles lol), especially BIPOC. Loved the graphics. I've always liked helpings students make the connection between business and personal life. Especially, valuable to students not on a business degree pathway. Here’s my chapter notes for general feedback as part of my book review: 1 Understanding Economic Systems and Business Great, simple and well round presentation in economics and banking. 2 Making Ethical Decisions and Managing a Socially Responsible Business Complicated topic of ethics. Very relevant to incorporate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Would be nice to include more information on “Benefit Company”. 3 Competing in the Global Marketplace I’d like to see more discussion and exercise on foreign exchange rates. Students have a tough time understanding and applying this LO, which I consider fundamentally important in global trade. Even some simple examples of tourist shopping aboard would help 4 Forms of Business Ownership Nice overview of the different business structures available. Would be nice to add “Not-for-Profits” organizations to compare and contrast other business types. 5 Entrepreneurship: Starting and Managing Your Own Business One of my favorite chapters in the book. This chapter both transcends and reinforces other learning objectives throughout the book. 6 Management and Leadership in Today's Organizations Could expand more about the difference between manager vs leaders. Reinforce the importance of honing leadership skills and the value in the workplace because employers want to hire leaders. 7 Designing Organizational Structures It will be interesting if the ”COVID fallout” continues to support work from home or if employers demand telework employees to return to the office. Organizational structures will continue to change. 8 Managing Human Resources and Labor Relations I like highlighting the importance of Managing Workplace Diversity. Consider comparing employee vs contractor rules and regulations as part of the gig economy. Could also update based on the work from home mandates related to COVID closures, etc. Other issues to highlight gender pay gaps, Family Medical Leave (FML), Personal Time Off (PTO), and Minimum wage mandates. 10 Achieving World-Class Operations Management While mentioned on the following page could consider adding Six Sigma graph. Consider using some examples of the COVID related shortages from panic buying. Just-in-time inventory has weaknesses from unexpected buying surges as we have seen over the last 18 months. 12 Distributing and Promoting Products and Services Chapter 12 are the most popular to the sales and marketing students. I would recommend using the term “consumer persona” as a tool for market segmentation summarized in the chapter. To help be consistent with the “4 P’s of Marketing” make the connection with the previous chapter’s LO. “Promotion and Distribution (aka ‘Place’)”. 13 Using Technology to Manage Information Big time chapter and students have an overwhelming interest in starting a web-based business endeavor. I would like to see more emphasis on online privacy as people are not aware of how technology and social media platforms uses cookies, etc to track and sell consumer behavior. Big shift to record online sales transactions as a result of COVID. 15 Understanding Money and Financial Institutions “Financing Small Business Activities” could revisit product lifecycle to align sales with appropriate funding options. Meaning early phase startups are usually not strong candidates for traditional bank loans. Definitely include/expand crowdfunding/crowdsourcing for startups. 16 Understanding Financial Management and Securities Markets Great job presenting a complicated topic of investing. Consider expanding and diving deeper on the subject of IPO’s. 17 Your Career in Business Love this chapter, I do not cover this chapter but do have an individual assignment for a resume and LinkedIn profile.

Reviewed by Julie Stewart, Associate Professor, Community College of Aurora on 5/29/21

This text provides an excellent overview of business with a comprehensive index. The book clearly outlines resources and further readings for continued study of a particular topic. The text did not expand on franchising as a business design but... read more

This text provides an excellent overview of business with a comprehensive index. The book clearly outlines resources and further readings for continued study of a particular topic. The text did not expand on franchising as a business design but covered others well and provided the pros and cons effectively.

The content is accurate and represents main topics associated with an introduction to business course. The topics are broad in breadth and provide real-world examples of hte content for relatability.

The book provides relevant examples and content relating to the overall business world. More content related to virtual business activities could be included. The arrangement of the text would allow for easy updating and additional content in these areas to be added. One of the best elements of this text was the

The book used effective language that was appropriate for higher education learners. The terminology was well described and there were activities within each chapter as a resource for students to further work with the language. This book provided an introduction to business law which was much more comprehensive than the current text I use.

Consistency rating: 4

The segments that existed within each chapter were consistent. There could have been more chapters that included career opportunities in the particular content area component to help students explore potential avenues for work. The terminology was consistent throughout the text and was easily referenced for students to go back and review earlier definitions and contextual utilizations.

The modules were well organized and made sense. The headings were appropriately placed and color was used to indicated additional readings, activities, or reflective materials. The sub-units could easily be rearranged, if necessary for presentation by the instructor. The text provided comprehensive content without being arduous and overwhelming.

The organization was well thought out and aligned with the design of an introduction to business course well. There was little need to skip around during the semester which can cause students confusion.

The graphs and navigation were easily used and free of errors. There were clear explanations of the images and charts that expanded on the content being presented. Navigating this text was very user-friendly and straightforward.

There were few grammatical and spelling errors in the text.

Cultural Relevance rating: 3

The cultural relevance of the imagery in the text lacked diversity. The photos represented many women but very few people of color. The examples throughout the text showed examples of successful individuals as white males.

There was a section in each chapter that discussed cases and problems that provided great topic starters for a class session. These could be expanded for more comprehensive assignment work but were great for low-stakes assignments and ice breakers.

Reviewed by MARCUS LACHER, Instructor, Minnesota State Community and Technical College on 3/27/21, updated 6/1/21

Very professionally-constructed textbook. On-par or greater than commercially-produced books from the major publishers. Very relevant for the pre-pandemic business world. read more

Very professionally-constructed textbook. On-par or greater than commercially-produced books from the major publishers. Very relevant for the pre-pandemic business world.

I have utilized the text for two courses, and I cannot recall finding any technical errors with the book.

Many recent business stories are used as examples in teaching fundamental concepts. This really increases the relevancy and integrity of the text. The authors do not shy away from trendy subjects, products or people. For example, a lot of references to Elon Musk, China, Google, etc.

Clarity rating: 4

Each chapter has a glossary of key terms and a summary of learning outcomes. A few of the end-of-chapter activities could be more explicit. The associated instructor materials also lack detail in this area.

Very formal and consistent framework.

Hard to get more modular than seventeen chapters and an appendix! I moved chapter 14 behind chapters 15 and 16, but this was not a "no-brainer" adjustment. The chapter lengths were long-enough to be comprehensive without being too long.

Well-organized. I liked the final chapter that focused on business careers. Would potential consider teaching topic this Week 1.

The text and associated instructor materials are of very high quality appearance. The images, and videos are excellent. As with most texts, a few hyperlinks no longer work, but that is a teachable moment for students as well!

Multiple authors and contributors have created a high-quality text with a common voice.

Did not notice any offensive or insensitive content, but this topic could be an area of additional content or an appendix given recent cultural events in the U.S. and abroad. The "cancel culture" impact is real, and businesses and their employees need to learn about potential ramifications of their words and actions.

Really liked this book, as well as the instructor materials that suggested appropriate video links. I would like to see more end-of-chapter activities with more in-depth assessment prompts. There are plenty of open-ended, critical thinking prompts, but more structured activities would be welcome too.

Additional content on the impact of the pandemic on business and society would make a great chapter/appendix as well!

Reviewed by Crystal Ringer, Adjunct Professor, Trine University on 3/2/21

This textbook appropriately touches upon all areas of business necessary in giving students a broad overview of how businesses operate. I appreciate that it goes one level beyond the business core of human resources, marketing, financial... read more

This textbook appropriately touches upon all areas of business necessary in giving students a broad overview of how businesses operate. I appreciate that it goes one level beyond the business core of human resources, marketing, financial accounting, and management by covering topics such as business ownership and pricing strategies.

The topics presented are up-to-date and relevant. The author takes an unbiased look at business from every angle.

I appreciate the use of modern, real-world examples to give students a more in-depth understanding of these business topics, which are otherwise abstract and intangible.

Some of these business concepts are hefty and more in-depth than one would expect for an introductory book, but they are covered in great detail and at length so that students can process the information by looking at graphs, charts, and examples in addition to just reading the definition of concepts.

All of the information presented appears to be consistent with what I've found in other sources and as is understood by today's business community.

Though there are large blocks of text at times, the author does place graphics, charts, and other visuals to help add diversity in the reading.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 4

Though there are a wide range of topics covered, each chapter is broken down into sub-topics to help students locate material as well as learn the concepts in a thorough manner. My only suggestion would be to offer the financial and accounting chapters earlier in the text book because they are topics often seen as intimidating to students, and students may have anxiety over covering those topics near the end of the book. However, instructors can choose to have students learn the topics in any order, and even omit sections not deemed as vital as others.

Images and displays looked appropriate. Visual aids added to the learning experience and did not distract from the subjects being presented.

There were no grammatical errors that I found.

This text is not culturally insensitive. I would even encourage the use of recent social or political examples to show how they are impacting the business realm (i.e. COVID-19).

I have already used this book once for my Business Concepts class and recommend its use for other faculty wishing to find a comprehensive business text books for students.

Reviewed by Sherri (Sharon) LaRue, Associate Professor, University of Alaska Anchorage on 11/9/20, updated 1/10/21

It's very in-depth. Sometimes I feel like it might be more in-depth than an introductory text. I teach a class that is supposed to be for non-business majors, and I think some more general information might be better. For all that though, I... read more

It's very in-depth. Sometimes I feel like it might be more in-depth than an introductory text. I teach a class that is supposed to be for non-business majors, and I think some more general information might be better. For all that though, I didn't find real information on some basic concepts, like SWOT analysis or the Five Forces Model. I supplemented with other material, but I think that would give some context to some of the discussions.

Everything I have double-checked has been very accurate.

I think it's very up to date. Some of the other books I looked at were using very old concepts, and this seems quite contemporary. The examples of current business leaders are great and they offer diverse points of view.

Some of the information on economics was potentially confusing, as it went more in-depth than I would imagine an introductory business text to go. I am rearranging some of the chapters to make some common concepts, like control and financial measures, be presented closer together.

Yes, I think it uses the correct and current phraseology you would expect to see as students transition to jobs.

I very much like the way the book is designed. It's definitely small, workable sections, with the exception of one chapter which covers planning, control and decision-making, which could have been at least a couple of smaller chapters.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 3

I did change the chapters around, but that might just be my personal preference. I tried to group the chapters by how they worked internally and externally, but as I said this might be just the way that makes sense to me.

Interface rating: 4

Some of the charts we a little too wordy. I would prefer a cleaner chart with less words. I like what the charts are showing us, but I think they could be cleaner and easier to visualize.

Grammatical Errors rating: 4

The book's grammar and editing are fine.

I think they do a good job with this. They are careful to represent different points of view and show a broad background in their examples.

Reviewed by Laura Boehme, Faculty, part-time, Central Oregon Community College on 6/25/20

The text covers the broad spectrum of relevant business topics in a thorough yet digestible manner. The level of detail, and numbering systems for each chapter is sufficient for students to gain necessary exposure, understanding, and practice on... read more

The text covers the broad spectrum of relevant business topics in a thorough yet digestible manner. The level of detail, and numbering systems for each chapter is sufficient for students to gain necessary exposure, understanding, and practice on key business competencies. The additional student and instructor resources make this book an even more beneficial learning tool.

The text accurately covers the topics as well as providing current case studies, critical thinking exercises, and vignettes with practical examples of the concepts to be learned. Additionally, the businesses referenced in the text are recent, enhancing the learner’s ability to cross-check and validate information and business practices. The marketing section is slightly different than other business books as it presents the “Five Ps” (versus Four Ps) but the fifth P – people – is a relevant and helpful addition.

The text content is recent and relevant to current business practices and concepts at this time. The nature of business, both globally and nationally, changes often, so the text will likely need to be reviewed and updated about every two years to ensure both accuracy and relevance in order to keep student’s engaged. Perhaps an emphasis on politics/social changes and business impacts could be better integrated into the textbook.

The text is written in clear, succinct chapters. The chapters are not too long and the table of contents is well-organized to help the learner easily navigate and access each chapter and related resources. The ability to search the book is also very helpful. Each chapter has a section for key terms, learning outcomes, and activities – all contributing to the clarity and usefulness of the materials presented.

The text and organization of each chapter are consistent, lending to the usability of the content and resources. Each chapter has a concept check, allowing the learner to reflect on key business questions and topics. The order of chapters effectively establishes a solid business foundation for the student and helps set a reliable pattern for what to expect.

The text and resources allow a solid curriculum design of a syllabus and/or course with modularized content aligned with learning outcomes. Additionally, the student can quickly go to each chapter and pick out the fundamental business concepts, supported by student resources. One does not need to use every chapter or every sub-chapter to provide students with an introduction to business. Very flexible in this area.

The topics are presented in a highly structured and “scaffolded” manner, meaning, one area can build on another. There is flexibility to use topics out of order, but one would want to be careful to ensure students have some solid foundations like economic systems, forms of business ownership, entrepreneurship, and marketing.

The interface and navigation are done exceptionally well for this text. User-friendly, easy table of contents to follow, chapter consistency, and helpful search options. All make for a great user experience.

No grammatical errors were noticed or found that interrupted learning or flow.

The text is culturally respectful. The examples and pictures are inclusive of a variety of races, ethnicities, and backgrounds. Perhaps a few more pictures could be added into the sections of management/leadership and your career in business to emphasize individuals, teams and inclusivity. One area where the book excels is threading the concepts of ethics and social responsibility throughout the chapters. There is a dedicated chapter on these topics as well.

I used this book to create an online course. The students found the book to be easy to read, easy to use, and relevant to their learning. The extra instructor and student resources provided assessments, exams, case studies, and other practical helps to build a full course that was learner-centered and based on business learning outcomes. I highly recommend the book for its comprehensiveness, suitability to business concepts, and attention to what matters most in the business world and in the classroom (or online).

Reviewed by Kathryn Archard, Senior Lecturer, Writing Program Director, University of Massachusetts Boston on 5/27/20

The 17 chapters cover the quintessential subject matter areas for business. read more

The 17 chapters cover the quintessential subject matter areas for business.

The content, written by academic researchers, provides clear up-to-date information. A variety of perspectives are included.

The examples and case studies used are relevant to today's business concerns. Real world companies and business products are examined. The "Hot Links" add additional relevant resources.

The textbook is written in accessible language and highly appropriate for an introductory first year class in business.

The textbook uses a consistent and clear format. The terminology and framework are appropriate for an introductory level course.

The textbook modularity is good. The index takes a while to load but clearly identifies the topic links in every chapter.

The topics covered are organized in a clear, developmentally appropriate sequence.

The interface appears easily and clearly in most browsers.

The textbook is well written.

The subject matter covered in each chapter is extremely relevant for today's business student. An inclusive and varied amount of examples and exercises are provided in each chapter.

Seventeen chapters are quite extensive. I would condense chapters 15 & 16 into one chapter and omit chapter 17.

Reviewed by Jordan Mays, Adjunct Instructor, Oakland City University on 1/22/19

As a textbook targeted at an introductory course in business, the Introduction to Business - 2018 textbook provides a practical overview of various aspects of business over the course of 17 chapters. In addition, this textbook provides key terms... read more

As a textbook targeted at an introductory course in business, the Introduction to Business - 2018 textbook provides a practical overview of various aspects of business over the course of 17 chapters. In addition, this textbook provides key terms (with definitions) at the end of each chapter, which is easier for students to access than looking at one large glossary at the end of a textbook.

The information in the textbook was accurate and reviewed my a large number of professionals as referenced at the beginning of the textbook. The information utilized a fact presenting format that steers clear of unbiased content.

As this book was created in 2018, the content is very much up to date and figures references are from 2017 or newer. Interestingly, the first time I opened the book it appeared to have an update as well which demonstrates the accuracy of the textbook and how the material is being periodically updated.

The introduction to business - 2018 textbook introduces students to key terminology and jargon that will be continually referenced in future business courses. Some of these terms may be new to students with little exposure prior to the introduction to business course, but the text does a good job of addressing these areas to prevent most issues.

This textbook is consistent in the way that the book is created from beginning to end. The creation of each chapter and section are very well planned and executed.

Additional reading components of this textbook enhance the topics covered by introducing real world examples and applications. These areas are separated by a shaded background which adds to the layout and creates a smooth flow from section to section.

The topics of this course cover many areas of business. In many ways it is up to the instructor to possibly see the organization of the textbook as either good or in need of improvement. Each concept is focused on its own chapter, so clearly assigning the chapters that are requested in a particular order can assist in the organization of the material. The last chapter of this textbook is perfect for summarizing the importance of an introduction to business course as it addresses the student's future career in a business field.

Every image, chart, graph, etc. had no issues working on either the web version of the PDF version of this textbook. I do find it an advantage that the book is available in a PDF which allows students to download the content and review it offline, anywhere.

No grammatical errors were noticeable to me as I reviewed this textbook.

Every chapter in this textbook contained additional ethics assignments that help incorporate diversity and different dilemmas that businesses have faced over the years. These assignments along with examples in the textbook help to create a more inclusive learning experience for students.

The Introduction to Business - 2018 textbook offers many different options for additional study, research, questions, etc. at the end of each chapter. These options make it ideal for instructors that are not sure about utilizing an open textbook, as the quantity and quality of the assignments helps instructors customize the course textbook to fit their individual needs.

Table of Contents

• Chapter 1: Understanding Economic Systems and Business
• Chapter 2: Making Ethical Decisions and Managing a Socially Responsible Business
• Chapter 3: Competing in the Global Marketplace
• Chapter 4: Forms of Business Ownership
• Chapter 5: Entrepreneurship: Starting and Managing Your Own Business
• Chapter 6: Management and Leadership in Today's Organizations
• Chapter 7: Designing Organizational Structures
• Chapter 8: Managing Human Resources and Labor Relations
• Chapter 9: Motivating Employees
• Chapter 10: Achieving World-Class Operations Management
• Chapter 11: Creating Products and Pricing Strategies to Meet Customers' Needs
• Chapter 12: Distributing and Promoting Products and Services
• Chapter 13: Using Technology to Manage Information
• Chapter 14: Using Financial Information and Accounting
• Chapter 15: Understanding Money and Financial Institutions
• Chapter 16: Understanding Financial Management and Securities Markets
• Chapter 17: Your Career in Business

Ancillary Material

About the book.

Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond.

About the Contributors

Lawrence J. Gitman, San Diego State University

Carl McDaniel, University of Texas

Amit Shah, Frostburg State University

Linda Koffel, Houston Community College

Bethann Talsma, Davenport University and Grand Rapids Community College

James C. Hyatt, University of The Cumberlands

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